Factors influencing the thriving of emergency department nurses in China.

INTRODUCTION: Thriving is a positive feeling arising from nurses' work and is increasingly valued by managers. Given their demanding workloads and various duties, it is necessary to research the determinants of ED nurses' thriving. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing thriving and the mechanisms of interaction between the factors among ED nurses. METHODS: 380 ED nurses from six tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, China, participated in this cross-sectional study. The instruments used were the General Information Questionnaire, Challenge-Hindrance Stressors Scale, Psychological Detachment Scale, and Thriving at Work Scale. Data analysis methods included univariate analysis, Pearson correlation, PROCESS 4.0, and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: Weekly working hours affected nurses' thriving. Challenge stressors and psychological detachment were positively related to thriving. Hindrance stressors had a negative link with thriving. Psychological detachment suppressed the relationship between challenge stressors and thriving; however, it mediated the relationship between hindrance stressors and thriving. CONCLUSION: Challenge-hindrance stressors and psychological detachment are significant elements influencing ED nurses' thriving. Nursing administrators should help ED nurses properly address stressors with different attributes and adopt appropriate strategies to improve nurses' thriving by enhancing psychological detachment.

Missed Nursing Care as a Mediator in the Relationship between Career Calling and Turnover Intention.

AIM: To explore the role of missed nursing care in mediating the relationship between career calling and intention to leave among nurses. INTRODUCTION: Increasing nurse turnover is still a major concern in the global healthcare system. The most reliable indicator of turnover is turnover intention. It is crucial to understand its affecting elements to suggest measures to lower nurses' turnover intention. BACKGROUND: Turnover intention has been linked to career calling and missed nursing care. Little empirical research has investigated the possibility that missed nursing care mediates between career calling and turnover intention. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 347 nurses was conducted. The survey instruments included the General Information Questionnaire, Calling Scale, Missed Nursing Care Scale and Turnover Intention Questionnaire. Structural equation models were used to build the model. This study made use of the STROBE checklist. RESULTS: For 43.8% of nurses, turnover intention was high or very high. Missed nursing care and turnover intention were negatively correlated with career calling. Missed nursing care and turnover intention were positively related. Missed nursing care mediated the relationship between career calling and turnover intention. DISCUSSION: Career calling and missed nursing care can both influence turnover intention. Career calling can reduce the likelihood of turnover by preventing missed nursing care. CONCLUSION: Missed nursing care mediated the relationship between career calling and intention to leave. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND NURSING POLICY: Nursing managers should improve nurses' career calling through professional education and minimize missed nursing care by using electronic nursing reminder devices to reduce turnover intention.

Terahertz Irradiation Improves Cognitive Impairments and Attenuates Alzheimer's Neuropathology in the APPSWE/PS1DE9 Mouse: A Novel Therapeutic Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid-ß (Aß), neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. In recent years, considering the unsatisfied benefits of pharmacological therapies, non-pharmacological therapy has become a research hotspot for AD intervention. Terahertz (THz) waves with a range between microwave and infrared regions in the electromagnetic spectrum and high permeability to a wide range of materials have great potential in the bioengineering field. However, its biological impacts on the central nervous system, under either physiological or pathological conditions, are poorly investigated. In this study, we first measured the 0.14 THz waves penetration across the skull of a C57BL/6 mouse and found the percentage of THz penetration to be ~70%, guaranteeing that THz waves can reach the relevant brain regions. We then exposed the APPSWE/PS1DE9 mouse model of AD to repeated low-frequency THz waves on the head. We demonstrated that THz waves treatment significantly improved the cognitive impairment and alleviated AD neuropathology including Aß deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation in the AD mice. Moreover, THz waves treatment effectively attenuated mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss in the AD mouse brain. Our findings reveal previously unappreciated beneficial effects of THz waves treatment in AD and suggest that THz waves may have the potential to be used as a novel therapeutic intervention for this devastating disease.

Vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of sulfur dioxide and its implications for oxygen production in the early Earth's atmosphere.

The emergence of molecular oxygen (O2) in the Earth's primitive atmosphere is an issue of major interest. Although the biological processes leading to its accumulation in the Earth's atmosphere are well understood, its abiotic source is still not fully established. Here, we report a new direct dissociation channel yielding S(1D) + O2(a1Δg/X3Σg-) products from vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodissociation of SO2 in the wavelength range between 120 and 160 nm. Experimental results show O2 production to be an important channel from SO2 VUV photodissociation, with a branching ratio of 30 ± 5% at the H Lyman-α wavelength (121.6 nm). The relatively large amounts of SO2 emitted from volcanic eruptions in the Earth's late Archaean eon imply that VUV photodissociation of SO2 could have provided a crucial additional source term in the O2 budget in the Earth's primitive atmosphere. The results could also have implications for abiotic oxygen formation on other planets with atmospheres rich in volcanically outgassed SO2.

Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor OsEF1A Positively Regulates Drought Tolerance and Yield in Rice.

Drought is one of the most serious stresses affecting rice growth. Drought stress causes accelerated senescence, reduced fertility, and subsequent reductions in crop yield. Eukaryotic translation elongation factor EF1A is an important multifunctional protein that plays an essential role in the translation of eukaryotic proteins. In this study, we localized and cloned the OsEF1A gene in rice (Oryza sativa) in order to clarify its role in drought tolerance and yield. Subcellular localization revealed that it was mainly localized to the cell membrane, cytoskeleton and nucleus. Compared with the wild-type, OsEF1A overexpressing transgenic plants had significantly more tillers and grains per plant, resulting in a significantly higher yield. Increases in the relative water content and proline content were also observed in the transgenic seedlings under drought stress, with a decrease in the malondialdehyde content, all of which are representative of drought tolerance. Taken together, these findings suggest that OsEF1A plays a positive regulatory role in rice nutritional development under drought stress. These findings will help support future studies aimed at improving yield and stress tolerance in rice at the molecular level, paving the way for a new green revolution.

Photodissociation dynamics of SO2 between 193 and 201 nm.

The nonadiabatic interactions between the C̃ state and neighboring electronic states of SO2 have attracted much attention; however, the predissociation mechanisms are not yet completely understood. In this work, the predissociation dynamics of SO2 via its C̃ state have been investigated at λ = 193-201 nm by using the time-sliced velocity map ion imaging technique. The translational energy distributions and the branching ratios of the O(3PJ=2,1,0) spin-orbit products at six photolysis wavelengths have been acquired. The SO(3Σ-) product population gradually decreases in v = 0 and increases in v = 2 as the photolysis wavelength decreases. The branching ratios of O(3P J=2,1,0) products are almost similar at most wavelengths, except at 194.8 nm. Our data suggest that the predissociation between 193 and 201 nm is via an avoided crossing between the C̃ state and the repulsive triplet 23A' state. The state-to-state dynamical pictures shown in this work provide a rigorous test of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the SO2 and the nonadiabatic couplings between these PESs.

Slice imaging study of NO2 photodissociation via the 12B2 and 22B2 states: the NO(X2Π) + O(3PJ) product channel.

The state-resolved photodissociation of NO2via the 12B2 and 22B2 excited states has been investigated by using time-sliced velocity-mapped ion imaging technique. The images of the O(3PJ=2,1,0) products at a series of excitation wavelengths are measured by employing a 1 + 1' photoionization scheme. The total kinetic energy release (TKER) spectra, NO vibrational state distributions and anisotropy parameters (ß) are derived from the O(3PJ=2,1,0) images. For the 12B2 state photodissociation of NO2, the TKER spectra mainly present a non-statistical vibrational state distribution of the NO co-products, and the profiles of most vibrational peaks display a bimodal structure. The ß values show a gradual decrease with the photolysis wavelength increasing except for a sudden increase at 357.38 nm. The results suggest that the NO2 photodissociation via the 12B2 state proceeds via the non-adiabatic transition between the 12B2 and X̃2A1 states, leading to the NO(X2Π) + O(3PJ) products with wavelength-dependent rovibrational distributions. As for photodissociation of NO2via the 22B2 state, the NO vibrational state distribution is relatively narrow with the main peak shifting from v = 1, 2 at 235.43-249.22 nm to v = 6 at 212.56 nm. The ß values exhibit two distinctly different angular distributions, i.e., near isotropic at 249.22 and 246.09 nm and anisotropic at the rest of the excitation wavelengths. These results are consistent with the fact that the 22B2 state potential energy surface has a barrier, and the dissociation process is fast when the initial populated level is above this barrier. A bimodal vibrational state distribution is clearly observed at 212.56 nm, in which the main distribution (peaking at v = 6) is ascribed to dissociation via an avoided crossing with the higher electronically excited state while the subsidiary distribution (peaking at v = 11) likely arises due to dissociation via the internal conversion to the 12B2 state or to the X̃ ground state.

The vibronic state dependent predissociation of H2S: determination of all fragmentation processes.

Photochemistry plays a significant role in shaping the chemical reaction network in the solar nebula and interstellar clouds. However, even in a simple triatomic molecule photodissociation, determination of all fragmentation processes is yet to be achieved. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the photochemistry of H2S, derived from cutting-edge translational spectroscopy measurements of the H, S(1D) and S(1S) atom products formed by photolysis at wavelengths across the range 155-120 nm. The results provide detailed insights into the energy disposal in the SH(X), SH(A) and H2 co-fragments, and the atomisation routes leading to two H atoms along with S(3P) and S(1D) atoms. Theoretical calculations allow the dynamics of all fragmentation processes, especially the bimodal internal energy distributions in the diatomic products, to be rationalised in terms of non-adiabatic transitions between potential energy surfaces of both 1A' and 1A'' symmetry. The comprehensive picture of the wavelength-dependent (or vibronic state-dependent) photofragmentation behaviour of H2S will serve as a text-book example illustrating the importance of non-Born-Oppenheimer effects in molecular photochemistry, and the findings should be incorporated in future astrochemical modelling.

Photodissociation of H2S: A New Pathway for the Production of Vibrationally Excited Molecular Hydrogen in the Interstellar Medium.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the most abundant S-bearing molecule in the solar nebula. Although its photochemistry has been studied for decades, the H2 fragment channel is still not well-understood. Herein, we describe the photodissociation dynamics of H2S + hv → S(1S) + H2(X1Σg+) with the excitation wavelength of 122 nm ≤ λ ≤ 136 nm. The results reveal that the H2(X) fragments formed are significantly vibrationally excited, with the quantum yields of ∼87% of H2(X) fragments populated in vibrational levels v″ = 3, 4, 5, and 6. Theoretical analysis suggest that these H2 products are formed on the H2S 41A' state surface following a nonadiabatic transition via an avoided crossing from the 31A' to 41A' state. The estimated quantum yield of the S(1S) + H2 channel is ∼0.05, implying this channel should be incorporated into the appropriate interstellar chemistry models.

Rotational state specific dissociation dynamics of D2O via the C̃(010) state: The effect of bending vibrational excitation.

The rotational state resolved photodissociation dynamics of D2O via the C̃(010) state has been investigated by using the D-atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight technique combined with a tunable vacuum ultraviolet light source. The D-atom action spectrum of the C̃(010) ← X̃(000) band and the corresponding time-of-flight (TOF) spectra of D-atom photoproducts formed following the excitation of D2O to individual rotational transition have been measured. By comparison with the action spectrum of the C̃(000) ← X̃(000) band, the bending vibrational constant of the C̃ state for D2O can be determined to be v2 = 1041.37 ± 0.71 cm-1. From the TOF spectra, the product kinetic energy spectra, the vibrational state distributions of OD products, and the state resolved anisotropy parameters have been determined. The experimental results indicate a dramatic variation in the OD product state distributions for different rotational excitations. This illuminates that there are two distinctive coupling channels from the C̃(010) state to the low-lying electronic states: the homogeneous electronic coupling to the Ã1B1 state, resulting in vibrationally hot OD(X) products, and the Coriolis-type coupling to the B̃1A1 state, producing vibrationally cold but rotationally hot OD(X) and OD(A) products. Furthermore, the three-body dissociation channel is confirmed, which is attributed to the C̃ → 1A2 or C̃ → à pathway. In comparison with the previous results of D2O photolysis via the C̃(000) state, it is found that the v2 vibration of the parent molecule enhances both the vibrational and rotational excitations of OD products.

Local pressure calibration method of inductively coupled plasma generator based on laser Thomson scattering measurement.

Based on laser Thomson scattering (TS) measurements and finite element method (FEM) simulations of electron density in inductively coupled plasma (ICP), the simulated local pressure calibration curves of ICP generator are obtained by comparing the experimental and simulated electron density distributions and maxima. The equation coefficients of theoretical model associated with the ICP generator experimental system can be obtained by fitting the simulation curve with the least square method, and the theoretical pressure calibration curves under different absorbed powers can be further obtained. Combined with the vacuum gauge measurements, both the simulated and theoretical pressure calibration curves can give the true local pressure in the plasma. The results of the local pressure calibration at the different absorbed powers show that the density gradient from the vacuum gauge sensor to the center of the coil in ICP generator cavity becomes larger with the increase of electron density, resulting in a larger gap between the measured value and the pressure calibration value. This calibration method helps to grasp the local pressure of ICP as an external control factor and helps to study the physicochemical mechanism of ICP in order to achieve higher performance in ICP etching, material modification, etc.

Photodissociation dynamics of CO2 + hv → CO(X1Σ+) + O(1D2) via the 3P1Πu state.

The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodissociation of CO2 is important to understand the primary photochemical processes of CO2 induced by solar VUV excitation in the Earth's atmosphere. Here, we report a detailed study of vibrational-state-specific photodissociation dynamics of the CO(X1Σ+) + O(1D2) channel via the 3P1Πu state by using the time-sliced velocity-mapped ion imaging apparatus combined with the single VUV photoionization detection scheme. By recording the sliced images of the O(1D2) photoproducts formed by VUV photoexcitation of CO2 to the individual vibrational structure of the 3P1Πu state, both the vibrational state distributions of the counterpart CO(X1Σ+) photoproducts and the vibrational-state-specific product anisotropy parameters (ß) are determined. The experimental results show that photodissociation of CO2 at 108.22, 107.50, 106.10, and 104.76 nm yields less anisotropic (ß > 0) and inverted distributed CO(X1Σ+, v) photoproducts. The possible dissociation mechanism for the CO(X1Σ+) + O(1D2) channel may involve the non-adiabatic transition of excited CO2* from the initially prepared state to the 31A' state with potential energy barriers. While at 108.82 and 107.35 nm, the vibrational distributions are found to have the population peaked at a low vibrational state, and the anisotropy parameters turn out to be negative. Such variation indicates the possibility of another non-adiabatic dissociation pathway that may involve Coriolis-type coupling to the low-lying dissociative state. These observations show sclear evidence of the influence of the initially vibrational excitations on the photodissociation dynamics of CO2 via the 3P1Πu state.

Propagation characteristics of terahertz wave in inductively coupled plasma.

Firstly, the electron density distribution of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is measured by laser Thomson scattering (TS) method and the features of the ICP under the same experimental conditions are simulated by finite element method (FEM). The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the accuracy of the ICP generation simulation model. Secondly, the propagation characteristics of terahertz wave in ICP are measured by terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and calculated by FEM according to the electron density distribution of ICP simulated in the first step above. The high consistency between the experimental and simulation results of terahertz wave propagation characteristics in ICP further proves the accuracy of terahertz wave transmission model in plasma and the feasibility of joint simulation with ICP generation simulation model.

Vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen production from the water photochemistry.

Vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen has been commonly observed in the dense photo-dominated regions (PDRs). It plays an important role in understanding the chemical evolution in the interstellar medium. Until recently, it was widely accepted that vibrational excitation of interstellar H2 was achieved by shock wave or far-ultraviolet fluorescence pumping. Here we show a further pathway to produce vibrationally excited H2 via the water photochemistry. The results indicate that the H2 fragments identified in the O(1S) + H2(X1Σg+) channel following vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodissociation of H2O in the wavelength range of λ = ~100-112 nm are vibrationally excited. In particular, more than 90% of H2(X) fragments populate in a vibrational state v = 3 at λ~112.81 nm. The abundance of water and VUV photons in the interstellar space suggests that the contributions of these vibrationally excited H2 from the water photochemistry could be significant and should be recognized in appropriate interstellar chemistry models.

Rotational and nuclear-spin level dependent photodissociation dynamics of H2S.

The detailed features of molecular photochemistry are key to understanding chemical processes enabled by non-adiabatic transitions between potential energy surfaces. But even in a small molecule like hydrogen sulphide (H2S), the influence of non-adiabatic transitions is not yet well understood. Here we report high resolution translational spectroscopy measurements of the H and S(1D) photoproducts formed following excitation of H2S to selected quantum levels of a Rydberg state with 1B1 electronic symmetry at wavelengths λ ~ 139.1 nm, revealing rich photofragmentation dynamics. Analysis reveals formation of SH(X), SH(A), S(3P) and H2 co-fragments, and in the diatomic products, inverted internal state population distributions. These nuclear dynamics are rationalised in terms of vibronic and rotational dependent predissociations, with relative probabilities depending on the parent quantum level. The study suggests likely formation routes for the S atoms attributed to solar photolysis of H2S in the coma of comets like C/1995 O1 and C/2014 Q2.

Strong isotope effect in the VUV photodissociation of HOD: A possible origin of D/H isotope heterogeneity in the solar nebula.

The deuterium versus hydrogen (D/H) isotopic ratios are important to understand the source of water on Earth and other terrestrial planets. However, the determinations of D/H ratios suggest a hydrogen isotopic diversity in the planetary objects of the solar system. Photochemistry has been suggested as one source of this isotope heterogeneity. Here, we have revealed the photodissociation features of the water isotopologue (HOD) at λ = 120.8 to 121.7 nm. The results show different quantum state populations of OH and OD fragments from HOD photodissociation, suggesting strong isotope effect. The branching ratios of H + OD and D + OH channels display large isotopic fractionation, with ratios of 0.70 ± 0.10 at 121.08 nm and 0.49 ± 0.10 at 121.6 nm. Because water is abundant in the solar nebula, photodissociation of HOD should be an alternative source of the D/H isotope heterogeneity. This isotope effect must be considered in the photochemical models.

Photodissociation Dynamics of H2O via the E' (1B2) Electronic State.

Photodissociation dynamics of H2O via the E'1B2 state were studied using the high-resolution H atom photofragment translational spectroscopy method, in combination with the tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser (VUV FEL). The measured translational energy spectra allow us to determine the respective quantum state population distributions for the nascent OH(X2Π) and OH(A2Σ+) photofragments. Analyses of the quantum state population distributions show both the ground and electronically excited OH fragments to be formed with moderate vibrational excitation but with highly rotational excitation. Unlike the dissociation via the lower-lying electronic states, where OH(X) is the major fragment, the OH(A) products are predominant via the E' state. These products are mainly ascribed to a fast dissociation on the B̃1A1 state surface after nonadiabatic transitions from the initial excited E' state to the B̃ state. Meanwhile, another dissociation pathway from the E' state to the 1B2 3pb2 state, followed by coupling to the 1A2 3pb2 state, is also observed, which yields the OH(X) + H and O(3P) + 2H products.

[Preparation of humanized anti-tissue factor antibody and its mechanism of killing colon cancer cells and inhibiting cell migration].

Objective To investigate the killing effect of humanized antibodies targeting tissue factors on colon cancer cells as well as migration-inhibiting effect. Methods Humanized anti-tissue factor antibody was purified by Protein A and gel filtration chromatography from cultured CHO-5G4.1 cells that highly express the antibody. The purity was detected by capillary SDS-PAGE. Anticoagulant activity was assessed using the prothrombin time test. Killing effect of the antibody on SW620 and SW480 colorectal cancer cells was tested using antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The effect of antibodies on cell migration was investigated using TranswellTM assay. Gelatin zymography and Western blotting were used to detect the changes of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylated FAK (p-FAK) after treatment with humanized anti-tissue factor antibody. Results The purity of the humanized anti-tissue factor antibody was estimated 96.9% by the two-step method. The purified antibody showed an obvious anticoagulant activity. The antibody treatment had a significant killing effect on colorectal cancer cells through ADCC and a significant inhibiting effect (99%) on cell migration. The antibody significantly inhibited expression of MMP2 and p-FAK. Conclusion The humanized anti-tissue factor antibody can effectively kill tumor cells through ADCC and inhibit cancer cell migration, which is possibly mediated by MMP2 expression through suppression of FAK signaling.

High resolution laser Thomson scattering system with automatic data analysis software platform for diagnosis of the low-temperature plasmas.

Accurate measurements of electron temperature (Te) and electron density (ne) are important for understanding the properties of plasma, especially for the low-temperature plasma dominated by the free electrons. In this work, a high resolution laser Thomson scattering (LTS) diagnosis system with a software platform for processing data is established to accurately measure the Te and ne in low-temperature plasmas. In this system, a homemade Triple Grating Spectrometer (TGS) is elaborated to suppress the intense stray light and Rayleigh scattering light. The TGS with high etendue (with an f-number of f/3.3) and high spectral resolution (0.07 nm in full-width-half-maximum at 532 nm) allows the LTS system to measure the plasma with the ne and Te as low as 1.0 × 1017 m-3 and 0.1 eV, respectively. Besides the development of the experimental setup, a software platform is specially designed to automatically process the complicated LTS spectra to determine ne and Te in real time during the acquirement of data. The error analyses indicate that the uncertainty of ne is around 12% and the uncertainty of Te is about 10% when Te > 0.2 eV. Using the LTS system, we have successfully measured ne and Te in the cascaded arc plasma, nanosecond pulse discharge plasma, and inductively coupled plasma. The results demonstrate that the LTS system has significant potential for the diagnosis of various low temperature plasmas.

Preparation of a Lanthanide-Titanium Oxo Cluster-Polymer Composite by CuI -Catalyzed Click Chemistry.

Incorporating metal clusters within the skeleton of the organic polymers through a click reaction cannot only effectively prepare cluster-polymer composites, but also effectively avoid the cluster aggregation. Herein, an azide-containing lanthanide-titanium oxo cluster of Eu8 Ti10 -N3 (Eu8 Ti10 -N3 =[Eu8 Ti10 (µ3 -O)14 (H2 O)4 (OAc)2 (tbba)30 (paza)4 (THF)2 ]⋅4 THF⋅8 H2 O (1), Htbba=4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, Hpaza=4-azidobenzoate, HOAc=acetic acid, THF=tetrahydrofuran) through an in situ solvothermal reaction of 4-azidobenzoic acid and 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid. Reaction of 1 with PEG (PEG=methoxypoly(ethyleneglycol)alkyne, 2000 g mol-1 ) through CuI -catalyzed click chemistry generates a lanthanide-polymer composite of Eu8 Ti10 -N3 @PEG (2). Investigation with IR, 1 H NMR and ICP-OES of 2 indicates that the structural integrity of 1 is maintained in 2. Study of the luminescent properties of 1 and 2 reveals that the quantum yield of 1 itself basically remains unchanged in 2. Significantly, the formation of 2 cannot only effectively prevent the cluster 1 from aggregation, but also greatly enhance its solubility and adhesion to the substrate. Owing to the solubility and adhesion of luminescent materials being the key to their practical application, present work is thus of great significance for the development of metal cluster-polymer composite luminescent materials.