Enhancing bioelectrochemical performance of two-dimensional material attached by covalent/metal organic frameworks as cathode catalyst for microbial fuel cells.

In this study, covalent/metal organic framework and two-dimensional material (COF-300/ZIF-8@Ti3AlC2) were composited by a three-step distributed feed method for cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The growth of irregular cube-like COF-300/ZIF-8 on the Ti3AlC2 substrate was observed. Al, Zn, Ti, N, C and O elements were observed uniformly and more active sites were offered through it. The external output voltage of COF-300/ZIF-8@Ti3AlC2-MFC was 576 mV and this could be almost unchanged for 9 days. The external output power density was 587.01 mW/m2, and that was 1.25 times of COF-300@Ti3AlC2-MFC (469.30 mW/m2) and 1.67 times of COF-300/ZIF-8-MFC (352.09 mW/m2). Ti3AlC2 enhanced the electrical conductivity of the composite by its rich surface functional groups and much more surface active sites. COF-300/ZIF-8 mixture improved the instability and disorder of the monomer. This study would supply technical support for the expanded request of composite materials in microbial electrochemistry.

Improving oxygen reduction reaction of microbial fuel cell by titanium dioxide attaching to dual metal organic frameworks as cathode.

In this study, a two-step simple distributed feeding method was used to prepare the core-shell nanocomposite dual metal organic frameworks (D-MOFs, TiO2@ZIF-67/ZIF-8). There were three obvious peaks (011), (112), (222) interface in D-MOFs core, which fully showed that ZIF-67/ZIF-8 crystal core was successfully synthesized. The morphology of composite material was core-shell structure with a rough surface, and Ti, Co, Zn, Al were uniformly distributed on the surface. TiO2@ZIF-67/ZIF-8 also had excellent electrochemical activity and the maximum power density of TiO2@ZIF-67/ZIF-8 microbial fuel cell (MFC) was 341.506 mW/m2, which was 1.30 times of ZIF-67/ZIF-8-MFC (262.144 mW/m2) and 2.07 times of ZIF-67-MFC (164.836 mW/m2). And the continuous output voltage of TiO2@ZIF-67/ZIF-8-MFC was 413.43 mV, which could maintain stable voltage output for 8.3 days. D-MOFs as the core of composites ensured the integrity, stability and high activity of materials; Rough TiO2 as the surface of the material provided surface area and reaction center.

[Progress on pharmacokinetic study of antibody-drug conjugates].

Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a new class of therapeutics composed of a monoclonal antibody and small cytotoxin moieties conjugated through a chemical linker. ADC molecules bind to the target antigens expressed on the tumor cell surfaces guided by the monoclonal antibody component. The binding ADC molecules can be internalized and subsequently the toxin moieties can be released within the tumor cells via chemical and/or enzymatic reactions to kill the target cells. The conjugation combines the merits of both components, i.e., the high target specificity of the monoclonal antibody and the highly potent cell killing activity of the cytotoxin moieties. However, such complexities make the pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of ADCs highly challenging. The major challenges should include characterization of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, investigation of underlying mechanisms, assessment of pharmacokinetic- pharmacodynamic relationship, and analytical method development of ADC drugs. This review will discuss common pharmacokinetic issues and considerations, as well as tools and strategies that can be utilized to characterize the pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties of ADCs.