[Comparison of the ability of four different kinds of nickel-titanium instruments to prepare simulated resin to simulate curved root canal forming].

PURPOSE: To compare the forming ability of four kinds of nickel-titanium instrument preparation resin for simulated curved root canal. METHODS: A total of 40 single bend resin simulated root canals were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 in each group. Four kinds of nickel-titanium instruments (ProTaper, HyFlex EDM, WaveOne Gold and Reciproc Blue) were used for root canal preparation, and divided into group A, group B, group C and group D. The preparation time of the four groups was compared, the root canal images before and after preparation were analyzed by computer image analysis software, and the changes of the preparation time, curvature and curvature radius of the four groups were recorded. With the root tip as the center of the circle, the radius of 1-10 mm was selected as concentric circle arcs. The detection points were overlapping root canal intersection points. The resin removal amount and center positioning force of the inner and outer walls of the root canal at different detection points were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: The root canal preparation time in group A was significant longer than that in group B, C and D(P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in the curvature and curvature radius of the root canal among the four groups (P＞0.05). The removal amount of resin from the root canal wall in group C was significant lower than that in group A, B and D (P＜0.05) when the distance from the detection point to the apical foramina was 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 mm, respectively. The removal amount of resin from the outer wall of the root canal in group C was significant lower than that in group A, B and D (P＜0.05) when the distance from the detection point to the apical foramina was 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 mm, respectively. The root tip offset of group A from the detection point to the apical hole of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 mm was significant greater than that of group B, C and D(P＜0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among the four instruments, ProTaper has the largest apical deviation, HyFlex EDM, WaveOne Gold and Reciproc Blue have better ability of root canal forming.

Causal role of immune cells in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Despite being one of the most prevalent sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome (OSAHS) has limited information on its immunologic foundation. The immunological underpinnings of certain major psychiatric diseases have been uncovered in recent years thanks to the extensive use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genotyping techniques using high-density genetic markers (e.g., SNP or CNVs). But this tactic hasn't yet been applied to OSAHS. Using a Mendelian randomization analysis, we analyzed the causal link between immune cells and the illness in order to comprehend the immunological bases of OSAHS. AIM: To investigate the immune cells' association with OSAHS via genetic methods, guiding future clinical research. METHODS: A comprehensive two-sample mendelian randomization study was conducted to investigate the causal relationship between immune cell characteristics and OSAHS. Summary statistics for each immune cell feature were obtained from the GWAS catalog. Information on 731 immune cell properties, such as morphologic parameters, median fluorescence intensity, absolute cellular, and relative cellular, was compiled using publicly available genetic databases. The results' robustness, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy were confirmed using extensive sensitivity examination. RESULTS: Following false discovery rate (FDR) correction, no statistically significant effect of OSAHS on immunophenotypes was observed. However, two lymphocyte subsets were found to have a significant association with the risk of OSAHS: Basophil %CD33dim HLA DR- CD66b- (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.01-1.03, P < 0.001); CD38 on IgD+ CD24- B cell (OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.02-1.04, P = 0.019). CONCLUSION: This study shows a strong link between immune cells and OSAHS through a gene approach, thus offering direction for potential future medical research.

The role of Ginkgo Folium on antitumor: Bioactive constituents and the potential mechanism.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ginkgo biloba L. is a well-known and highly regarded resource in Chinese traditional medicine due to its effectiveness and safety. Ginkgo Folium, the leaf of Ginkgo biloba L., contains biologically active constituents with diverse pharmacological activities. Recent studies have shown promising antitumor effects of the bioactive constituents found in Ginkgo Folium against various types of cancer cells, highlighting its potential as a natural source of antitumor agents. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize its therapeutic potential. AIM OF THE REVIEW: To provide a detailed understanding of the pharmacological activities of Ginkgo Folium and its potential therapeutic benefits for cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we conducted a thorough and systematic search of multiple online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, using relevant keywords such as "Ginkgo Folium," "flavonoids," "terpenoids," "Ginkgo Folium extracts," and "antitumor" to cover a broad range of studies that could inform our review. Additionally, we followed a rigorous selection process to ensure that the studies included in our review met the predetermined inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The active constituents of Ginkgo Folium primarily consist of flavonoids and terpenoids, with quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, ginkgolides, and bilobalide being the major compounds. These active constituents exert their antitumor effects through crucial biological events such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and inhibition of invasion and metastasis via modulating diverse signaling pathways. During the process of apoptosis, active constituents primarily exert their effects by modulating the caspase-8 mediated death receptor pathway and caspase-9 mediated mitochondrial pathway via regulating specific signaling pathways. Furthermore, by modulating multiple signaling pathways, active constituents effectively induce G1, G0/G1, G2, and G2/M phase arrest. Among these, the pathways associated with G2/M phase arrest are particularly extensive, with the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) being most involved. Moreover, active constituents primarily mediate autophagy by modulating certain inflammatory factors and stressors, facilitating the fusion stage between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Additionally, through the modulation of specific chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases, active constituents effectively inhibit the processes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis, exerting a significant impact on cellular invasion and migration. Synergistic effects are observed among the active constituents, particularly quercetin and kaempferol. CONCLUSION: Active components derived from Ginkgo Folium demonstrate a comprehensive antitumor effect across various levels and pathways, presenting compelling evidence for their potential in new drug development. However, in order to facilitate their broad and adaptable clinical application, further extensive experimental investigations are required to thoroughly explore their efficacy, safety, and underlying mechanisms of action.

ß-Elemene induced ferroptosis via TFEB-mediated GPX4 degradation in EGFR wide-type non-small cell lung cancer.

INTRODUCTION: ß-Elemene (ß-ELE), derived from Curcuma wenyujin, has anticancer effect on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the potential target and detail mechanism were still not clear. TFEB is the master regulator of lysosome biogenesis. Ferroptosis, a promising strategy for cancer therapy could be triggered via suppression on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Weather TFEB-mediated lysosome degradation contributes to GPX4 decline and how ß-ELE modulates on this process are not clear. OBJECTIVES: To observe the action of ß-ELE on TFEB, and the role of TFEB-mediated GPX4 degradation in ß-ELE induced ferroptosis. METHODS: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular docking were applied to observe the binding affinity of ß-ELE on TFEB. Activation of TFEB and lysosome were observed by immunofluorescence, western blot, flow cytometry and qPCR. Ferroptosis induced by ß-ELE was observed via lipid ROS, a labile iron pool (LIP) assay and western blot. A549TFEB KO cells were established via CRISPR/Cas9. The regulation of TFEB on GPX4 and ferroptosis was observed in ß-ELE treated A549WT and A549TFEB KO cells, which was further studied in orthotopic NOD/SCID mouse model. RESULTS: ß-ELE can bind to TFEB, notably activate TFEB, lysosome and transcriptional increase on downstream gene GLA, MCOLN1, SLC26A11 involved in lysosome activity in EGFR wild-type NSCLC cells. ß-ELE increased GPX4 ubiquitination and lysosomal localization, with the increase on lysosome degradation of GPX4. Furthermore, ß-ELE induced ferroptosis, which could be promoted by TFEB overexpression or compromised by TFEB knockout. Genetic knockout or inactivation of TFEB compromised ß-ELE induced lysosome degradation of GPX4, which was further demonstrated in orthotopic NSCLC NOD/SCID mice model. CONCLUSION: This study firstly demonstrated that TFEB promoted GPX4 lysosome degradation contributes to ß-ELE induced ferroptosis in EGFR wild-type NSCLC, which gives a clue that TFEB mediated GPX4 degradation would be a novel strategy for ferroptosis induction and NSCLC therapy.

TFEB: a double-edged sword for tumor metastasis.

Transcription factor EB, a member of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF/TFE) family, is a master regulator of autophagy, lysosome biogenesis, and TAMs. Metastasis is one of the main reasons for the failure of tumor therapy. Studies on the relationship between TFEB and tumor metastasis are contradictory. On the positive side, TFEB mainly affects tumor cell metastasis via five aspects, including autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), lysosomal biogenesis, lipid metabolism, and oncogenic signaling pathways; on the negative side, TFEB mainly affects tumor cell metastasis in two aspects, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and EMT. In this review, we described the detailed mechanism of TFEB-mediated regulation of metastasis. In addition, we also described the activation and inactivation of TFEB in several aspects, including the mTORC1 and Rag GTPase systems, ERK2, and AKT. However, the exact process by which TFEB regulates tumor metastasis remains unclear in some pathways, which requires further studies.

Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, and flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases were reported globally. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), the incidence of OSCC will rise by approximately 40% by 2040, accompanied by a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure to various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ), and human papillomavirus (HPV), will lead to the development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are oral mucosal lesions with an increased risk of developing into OSCC. Complex and multifactorial, the oncogenesis process involves genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, and a dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although various therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, have been proposed to prevent or treat OSCC and OPMDs, understanding the mechanism of malignancies will facilitate the identification of therapeutic and prognostic factors, thereby improving the efficacy of treatment for OSCC patients. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in OSCC. Moreover, the current therapeutic interventions and prognostic methods for OSCC and OPMDs are discussed to facilitate comprehension and provide several prospective outlooks for the fields.

Hyperprogression, a challenge of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatments: potential mechanisms and coping strategies.

Immunotherapy is now a mainstay in cancer treatments. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have opened up a new venue of advanced cancer immunotherapy. However, hyperprogressive disease (HPD) induced by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors caused a significant decrease in the overall survival (OS) of the patients, which compromise the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Therefore, HPD has become an urgent issue to be addressed in the clinical uses of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. The mechanisms of HPD remain unclear, and possible predictive factors of HPD are not well understood. In this review, we summarized the potential mechanisms of HPD and coping strategies that can effectively reduce the occurrence and development of HPD.

Clinical experience summary of surgical treatment abdominal gastrointestinal foreign body in children / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To summarize the clinical experience of surgical treatment abdominal gastrointestinal foreign body in children, thus to provide a theoretical basis for clinical decision-making.Methods:The clinical data, including age distribution, clinical manifestations, surgical treatment strategy and prognosis, from 60 children with abdominal gastrointestinal foreign body treated by operation in Children's hospital of Hu′nan Province from January 2015 to June 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 60 children, 38 males and 22 females, with a median age of 2.9 years. Observation data included the type and location of foreign bodies in the digestive tract, clinical manifestations and surgical methods, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay. The following-up time was 6 months to 2 years by telephone or clinic. The short/long-term complications was observed.Results:Children under 3 years old accounted for 56.7%. Types of foreign bodies included magnetic foreign bodies, sharp objects[paper clips, nails, screws, fish bone and others, etc], crystal ball, jujube pit, gastric hair stone, batteries and badminton holder. The foreign bodies were mainly located in stomach and small intestine. Abdominal pain and vomiting were the most common symptoms. The patients of foreign body with long residence time had peritonitis such as fever and abdominal pain, among 21 cases were combined with gastrointestinal perforation. There were varieties kind of operaion methods, including gastrointestinal incision and foreign bodies removal( n=22), appendectomy and foreign bodies removal( n=7), repair of gastrointestinal perforation( n=6), intestinal resection and anastomosis( n=17), intestinal resection plus enterostomy( n=5)but whose fistula was closed after 3 months, lateral wall of rectum repair( n=3). Fifty-two patients underwent common open abdomen operation, 8 patients underwent laparoscopic operation. The operating time was(93.5±19.3) min. Intraoperative blood loss was(20.2±4.3) mL. The postoperative hospitalization was 13(5, 19) d. The postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients who were nonoperative treatment recovery. Conclusions:Magnetic foreign body, sharp foreign body, crystal ball, jujube nucleus and corrosive foreign body are the main causes of digestive tract obstruction and perforation in children. Individualized operation plan should be selected as soon as possible according to the number of foreign bodies, retention position and whether or not digestive tract perforation.

Inhibition of Glioma Cell Growth and Apoptosis Induction through Targeting Wnt10B Expression by Pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-4-one.

BACKGROUND Gliomas are commonly diagnosed tumors in the central nervous system that have an elevated mortality rate. The present study evaluated pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-4-one (PP-4-one) as an anti-proliferative agent against glioma cells and investigated the associated mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS The changes in cell growth were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and apoptosis by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC staining kit. The FACSCalibur flow cytometer was used for analysis of DNA content and western blotting for protein expression. RESULTS The PP-4-one treatment suppressed viability of U251, C6, and U87 cells significantly at a concentration of 0.25 µM. At a concentration of 16 µM, PP-4-one treatment for 72 hours suppressed viability of U251, C6, and U87 cells to 24%, 21%, and 20%, respectively. Treatment with PP-4-one suppressed cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in U251 and C6 cells significantly (P<0.05) depending on the concentration. The apoptotic cells were increased significantly (P<0.05) by PP-4-one treatment in U251 and C6 cell cultures. A considerable enhancement in the proportion of U251 and C6 cells in the G0/G1 phase was recorded on incubation with PP-4-one. Treatment of U251 and C6 cells with PP-4-one markedly enhanced p21 expression relative to the control. The B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) level in PP-4-one treated U251 and C6 cells was markedly lower relative to the control cells. The Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 levels were elevated markedly by PP-4-one treatment in U251 and C6 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that PP-4-one has anti-proliferative potential for glioma cells via targeting cAMP and Bcl-2 levels. It also promoted glioma cell apoptosis through caspase activation and arrest of the cell cycle. Thus, PP-4-one may be used to develop drug candidates for the glioma treatment.

Correlation Analysis Between Disease Severity and Inflammation-related Parameters in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia

AimThe new coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia outbreaking at the end of 2019 is highly contagious. Crude mortality rate reached 49% in critical patients. Inflammation matters on disease progression. This study analyzed blood inflammation indicators among mild, severe and critical patients, helping to identify severe or critical patients early. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 100 patients were included and divided to mild, severe or critical groups. Correlation of peripheral blood inflammation-related indicators with disease criticality was analyzed. Cut-off values for critically ill patients were speculated through the ROC curve. ResultsSignificantly, disease severity was associated with age (R=-0.564, P<0.001), interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R) (R=-0.534, P<0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (R=-0.535, P<0.001), interleukin-8 (IL-8) (R=-0.308, P<0.001), interleukin-10 (IL-10) (R=-0.422, P<0.001), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (R=-0.322, P<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (R=-0.604, P<0.001), ferroprotein (R=-0.508, P<0.001), procalcitonin (R=-0.650, P<0.001), white cell counts (WBC) (R=-0.54, P<0.001), lymphocyte counts (LC) (R=0.56, P<0.001), neutrophil count (NC) (R=-0.585, P<0.001) and eosinophil counts (EC) (R=0.299, P=0.01). ConclusionWith following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R >793.5U/mL, CRP >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >2252g/L, WBC>9.5*10^9/L or NC >7.305*10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. Inflammation is closely related to severity of COVID-19, and IL-6, TNF and IL-8 might be promising therapeutic targets.

Current diagnosis and treatment of acute extremity compartment syndrome / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Extremity compartment syndrome can cause neuromuscular ischemia and deposition of metabolites in the compartment,leading to irreversible lesions which harm limb functions in the end.It is a great challenge for surgeons to make a timely and accurate diagnosis of the syndrome in adults and children.The key is evaluation of the clinical symptoms and intracompartmental pressure.In this paper we summarize the epidemiology,etiology,pathophysiology,and current diagnosis and treatment of acute extremity compartment syndrome of the upper and lower extremities in adults and children.

Design and research of regional health service platform based on big data sharing / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To establish an intelligent and integrated regional health service platform by process reengineering, multi business system collaboration,heterogeneous data exchange and applying big data analysis.Methods Interconnection, intercommunication and data sharing between related platforms were implemented with service-oriented architecture,internet technology, integrated medical resources in Nanjing as well as combined on-and off-line services. Results The regional health service platform based on big data sharing was implemented in Nanjing so that medical service process was optimized and the problems such as"three longs and one short"were solved.The idea and methods for constructing the platform were recognized by national 12320 center and duplicated by six provinces, and social benefits were gained. Conclusion It's feasible to establish the regional health service platform based on big data sharing, and whole-course and multi-way self health management is implemented.

Correlation between the decline of severe granulocyte in the early stage of chemotherapy and the prognosis of small cell lung cancer / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Objective The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation between the early stage of severe granulocy-topenia and the curative effect on clinical prognosis of chemotherapy in the first-line EP regimen of small cell lung cancer(SCLC). Methods A retrospective study analysis of 82 cases of first-line EP chemotherapy in patients with SCLC was collected clinical da-ta,according to the time of patients with severe neutropenia.Patients were divided into two groups i.e.early-onset group(the first two cycles appeared Ⅲ-Ⅳ neutrophil decline)and non-early-onset group(Ⅲ~Ⅳneutropenia did not appear or three cycles and lat-er).The main indicators for the observation were objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),time to progression (TTP)and overall survival(OS).Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used to analyze univariate survival and Cox propor-tional hazards model to analyze multivariate survival.Results The effective rates of chemotherapy were 81.8% and 75.5%(P=0.499),and DCRs were 97.0% and 95.9% in early-onset and non-early-onset groups,respectively(P>0.05).The median survival time was 10.4 months and 6.9 months in early-onset and non-early-onset groups,respectively(P=0.001).The median OSs were 22.4 months and 16.0 months in early-onset and non-early-onset groups,respectively(P=0.023).Multivariate surviv-al analysis revealed that smoking index,number of chemotherapy cycles,chest radiotherapy and early-onset severe neutropenia were independent prognostic factors for SCLC(P<0.05).Conclusion Chemotherapy-related loss of early severe neutropenia correlates with the efficacy of chemotherapy in SCLC and is an independent predictor of prognosis in SCLC.

Relationship between HTPR and END in acute non-cardiogenic cerebral infarction patients after thrombolytic therapy / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To study the relationship between high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) and early neurological deterioration (END) in acute non-cardiogenic cerebral infarction patients.Methods Two hundred and fifteen acute non-cardiogenic cerebral infarction patients were divided into END group (n=55) and EDD-free group (n=160).The patients were given oral aspirin (300 mg daily) on the day after admission,and fasting blood samples were taken at 6-24 h after the first dose of aspirin.Their platelet aggregative function (PAGT) was assayed with ADP to detect the platelet responsiveness to aspirin.The incidence of HTPR was compared between the two groups.The independent risk factors for END were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.The value of PAGT in predicting END was assessed according to its ROC curve.Results The incidence of HTRP was higher in END group than in END-free group (63.34％ vs 43.75％,P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HTRP was an independent risk factor for acute non-cardiogenic cerebral infarction.The area under the ROC curve was 0.864 for PAGT in predicting acute non-cardiogenic cerebral infarction (95 ％ CI:0.806-0.922,P=0.000).Conclusion HTPR is closely related with END in acute non-cardiogenic cerebral infarction patients.

Pretreatment with Pam3 CSK4 decreases inflammation in renal tissue from mice with systemic MRSA infection / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To observe whether pretreatment with Pam3CSK4,a TLR2 agonist,could decrease the inflammation response in kidney from mice with systemic MRSA infection,and to investigate the mechanism of the attenuation of inflammation with Pam3CSK4 pretreatment. Methods:BALB/c mice were pretreated with Pam3CSK4 (10 μg/100 μl/each mouse) or PBS via tail vein once daily for two consecutive days. All mice were infected with live MRSA (ATCC43300) at 2×107 CFU/each mouse (via tail vein) 24 h after the second treatment. The levels of cytokines in kidney were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR,respectively. The relative expression of TLR2,IRAKs etc. were detected by real-time PCR. Western blot was performed to detect the phosphorylation of NF-κB, the expression of IRAK-M and A20,respectively. Results:The level of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,CCL3 and IFN-γ in renal tissue from mice pretreated with Pam3CSK4 was decreased significantly compared with that from PBS-treated mice,respectively. Pam3CSK4 pretreatment down-regulated the relative expression of TLR2, inhibited the expression of IRAK-1 and the phosphorylation of NF-κB post infection. The expression of IRAK-M,one of the negative regulators in TLRs signaling pathway was increased significantly in renal tissue from Pam3CSK4-treated mice post infection. Conclusion:Pam3CSK4 pretreatment attenuated the inflammation response in kidney from mice with systemic MRSA infection,and these attenuation is related with up-regulation of IRAK-M.

Pretreatment with Pam3 CSK4 decreases inflammation in renal tissue from mice with systemic MRSA infection / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To observe whether pretreatment with Pam3CSK4,a TLR2 agonist,could decrease the inflammation response in kidney from mice with systemic MRSA infection,and to investigate the mechanism of the attenuation of inflammation with Pam3CSK4 pretreatment. Methods:BALB/c mice were pretreated with Pam3CSK4 (10 μg/100 μl/each mouse) or PBS via tail vein once daily for two consecutive days. All mice were infected with live MRSA (ATCC43300) at 2×107 CFU/each mouse (via tail vein) 24 h after the second treatment. The levels of cytokines in kidney were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR,respectively. The relative expression of TLR2,IRAKs etc. were detected by real-time PCR. Western blot was performed to detect the phosphorylation of NF-κB, the expression of IRAK-M and A20,respectively. Results:The level of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,CCL3 and IFN-γ in renal tissue from mice pretreated with Pam3CSK4 was decreased significantly compared with that from PBS-treated mice,respectively. Pam3CSK4 pretreatment down-regulated the relative expression of TLR2, inhibited the expression of IRAK-1 and the phosphorylation of NF-κB post infection. The expression of IRAK-M,one of the negative regulators in TLRs signaling pathway was increased significantly in renal tissue from Pam3CSK4-treated mice post infection. Conclusion:Pam3CSK4 pretreatment attenuated the inflammation response in kidney from mice with systemic MRSA infection,and these attenuation is related with up-regulation of IRAK-M.

The effects of closure to live poultry markets on Avian influenza A (H7N9) epidemics in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Since March 2013,China had experienced five seasonal epidemics related to Avian influenza A (H7N9).An unprecedented outbreak of H7N9 epidemic started from September 2016,with 730 cases reported till June 30th 2017,in mainland China that caused profound influences on both social development and health of the people.As an emerging infectious disease,information on pathogenic characteristics,transmission patterns and other epidemiological features of H7N9 virus somehow remained unclear.Data from previous studies suggested that the live poultry market (LPM) seemed to have served as main places where H7N9 virus got originated,mutated,spread and thus infected the human beings.Hence,closure of LPMs was suggested a major measure to control and prevent H7N9 epidemics in China.However,the effectiveness of different ways of LPM closures on H7N9 epidemics had been controversial.This study systemically summarized the effects of different ways of LPM closures on H7N epidemics from previous studies,aiming to provide references for developing a better program on H7N9 control and prevention in the country.

The effects of closure to live poultry markets on Avian influenza A (H7N9) epidemics in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Since March 2013,China had experienced five seasonal epidemics related to Avian influenza A (H7N9).An unprecedented outbreak of H7N9 epidemic started from September 2016,with 730 cases reported till June 30th 2017,in mainland China that caused profound influences on both social development and health of the people.As an emerging infectious disease,information on pathogenic characteristics,transmission patterns and other epidemiological features of H7N9 virus somehow remained unclear.Data from previous studies suggested that the live poultry market (LPM) seemed to have served as main places where H7N9 virus got originated,mutated,spread and thus infected the human beings.Hence,closure of LPMs was suggested a major measure to control and prevent H7N9 epidemics in China.However,the effectiveness of different ways of LPM closures on H7N9 epidemics had been controversial.This study systemically summarized the effects of different ways of LPM closures on H7N epidemics from previous studies,aiming to provide references for developing a better program on H7N9 control and prevention in the country.

Advance in mechanism of vascular endothelial injury and targeted therapy in patients with overlap syndrome / 天津医药

The changes of pathophysiology and clinical symptoms in patients with overlap syndrome (OS) are more serious than those of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). OS is more prone to cardiovascular disease, which the makes treatment more difficult and prognosis worse. There is a lack of drugs that can significantly slow or prevent the progression of OS and cardiovascular complications. The damage of vascular endothelium is closely related to cardiovascular diseases. At present, COPD and OSAHS have received extensive attention in the vascular endothelial injury and the treatment. This article summarizes the progress in the mechanism of injury of vascular endothelium in OS in recent years, including the damage of hypoxia, inflammation, oxidative stress and changes of sympathetic nerve activity, and summarizes targeted therapy for vascular endothelial injury, mainly including non-invasive ventilator, cell transplantation and targeted drug treatment. This study provides theoretical basis for the clinical treatment and prognosis improvement in patients with OS.