[Fundamental and applied aspects of preventing the adverse effects of aviation noise].

In the article, aviation noise is discussed as a harmful physical factor with ecological, hygienic, clinical and social implications. Noise contributes to development of general and occupational pathologies, chronic diseases, and reduction of professional longevity. The present-day knowledge of aviation noise sources and dynamics, and effects on environment, population, and aviation personnel is overviewed, as well as strategies to prevent noise consequences, muffling techniques being the key ones.

[The domestic aviation and space medicine reflected in phaleristics].

The article is devoted to the connection between the badges of medical institutions that are material evidence of formation and development of domestic aviation and space medicine and the history of Armed forces. The authors describe development of aviation and space medicine phaleristics, which is an important factor for patriotic education of modem scientific and military medical personnel.

[Founder of domestic bioastronautics (to the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Yazdovskiy)].

The article is concerned to the anniversary of the founder of domestic bioastronautics, leader and organizer of realization of biomedical programs, preparations and supply of the first space flights in our country, V.I. Yazdovskiy. The authors underlined significancy of his shining merits, which helped to develop domestic bioastronautics. In cooperation with S.P. Korolyov, V.I. Yazdovskiy launched the first manned spaceflight. With this flight our country became a leader in space exploration.

[Visual illusions and moving horizon].

Results of psychological "additional investigation" of the crash of Boeing-737, "Aeroflot-Nord" on 14.09.2008 near Perm are presented. 37 pilots from the one of the leading airline companies sensed the attitude and rolling out the aircraft to the forward flight under the moving horizon with straight display of bank and tangage (view from the aircraft to the ground) in model conditions. 29 pilots (78.4%) made a mistake at determining the roll direction and tangage, they made a mistake at determining the roll direction 61 times (16.4%) and 44 times at determining the tangage direction, in other words they confused left and right bank and also nose-up and nose-down. Visual illusions of mobility of space and handling of ground (instead of aircraft) during the flight were revealed in pilots. These illusions may be the important cause of the following crashes. The necessity of "back" faultless display of bank in all aircrafts of civil aviation and development of computer complex for training of visual spatial orientation is proved.

[The contribution of military aviation and space medicine to the biomedical support of the first flight into space].

April 12, 2011 Humanity celebrated 50 years of one of the greatest achievements of the twentieth century--the legendary flight of Y. Gagarin into space. In this study are highlighted the role and importance of military aviation and space medicine, and in particular, the State Scientific Research Testing Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine, Ministry of Defence of the USSR (now--the State Scientific Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine, Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov) in the preparation and conduct of flight of Yu.A.Gagarin.

[The 75th anniversary of science research and development testing centre of air medicine and military ergonomics SSRDTI of military medicine of Ministry of Defense of the RF].

The article presents main stages of forming Science research and development testing centre of air medicine and military ergonomics, results of researches of three main directions: medical-technical (ergonomic) supply of creation, testing and exploitation of air techniques and armament; participating in organization of combat training activity for the purposes of saving professional health, securing of combativity and professional reliability of aircraft pilots; scientific grounding of improvement of medical supply of aviation (improvement of medical control for dynamics of state of health, physiological and psychological resources of organism in course of combat training, creation of automatized diagnostic complexes and etc.).

[Improvement of the reliability of air crew spatial orientation with the psycho-educational methods].

A dedicated psycho-educational complex showed itself highly efficient when applied to 111 aviation cadets in order to improve the spatial orientation ability in future flights.

[Adrenoreactivity as a criterion for the evaluation of some professionally important qualities of the human operator]. / Kriterial'naia znachimost' pokazateli adrenoreaktivnosti v otsenke nekotorykh professional'no vazhnykh kachestv cheloveka-operatora.

Adrenoreactivity parameter (beta-ARM, one of the characteristics of individual sympathoadrenal system (SAS), can enhance the system of professional psycho-logical screening (PPS). The parameter is determined with a new technique of quantifying changes in osmoresistance of erythrocytes in the presence of adrenoblocker. The normal beta-ARM range lies within 2.0-20.0 conditional units with a rise up to 60 cond. units in consequence of regular increases in the SAS activity. To accept or reject beta-ARM as a PPS criterion, data of a series of three investigations were analyzed in attempt to correlate individual psychophysiological characteristics, operator's efficiency, cardiovascular reactions, and beta-ARM. In the first investigation, 30 male volunteers imitated operator's duties which included two-dimensional compensatory tracking with simultaneous choice between two alternatives on a training simulator. In the second investigation, 39 first-year students of a flight school were tested with the use of an automated psychological assessment system at the end of the first semester. In the third investigation, four navigators and 3 qualified test-pilots performed two-compensatory tracking using standard hand controls following exposure to radial aerobatic g-loads in and w/o anti-g suits. It was found that beta-ARM within the range of 10-20 cond. units is a criterion of good job efficiency. beta-ARM below 10 cond. units attests high adrenoreactivity only in stable conditions of work and with good skill in a particular operation. In contingency high reactivity to catecholamines may lead to loss of concentration, deterioration of temporary memory and job efficiency. beta-ARM above 20 cond. units may be determined at high operator's performance; however, during screening the risk of stress-related diseases should be taken into consideration, too.