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Background Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a crucial indicator of subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The relationship between long-term insulin resistance (IR) trajectory and CAC has been explored in few studies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the long-term IR time series of young adults are associated with the incidence of CAC in midlife. Methods and Results In a cohort study comprising 2777 participants from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study, the homeostasis model assessment for IR was used to measure IR levels, and group-based trajectory modeling was used to fit three 25-year homeostasis model assessments for IR trajectories. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the 3 homeostasis model assessments for IR trajectories and CAC events at year 25. The results showed that among 2777 participants (mean age, 50.10±3.58 years; 56.2% women; 46.4% Black), there were 780 incident CAC events after a 25-year follow-up. After full adjustment, the prevalence of CAC was higher in the moderate- (odds ratio [OR], 1.40 [1.10-1.76]) and the high-level homeostasis model assessments for IR trajectories (OR, 1.84 [1.21-2.78]) than in the low-level trajectory. This association was observed in obese individuals despite the negative interaction between IR and different types of obesity (all P interactions >0.05). Conclusions Our study revealed that young adults with a higher level of IR were more likely to develop CAC in middle age. Furthermore, this association persisted in obese individuals. These findings highlight the importance of identifying subclinical cardiovascular risk factors and implementing primary prevention measures.
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Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Resistencia a la Insulina , Calcificación Vascular , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios de Cohortes , Prevalencia , Calcificación Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcificación Vascular/epidemiología , Calcificación Vascular/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/epidemiología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/etiología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Little is known about how the residential distance to the coast is associated with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and which mechanisms may explain the association. We aim to explore this association using data from a prospective, population-based cohort with unprecedented sample size, and broad geographical coverage. METHODS: In this study, 377,340 participants from the UK Biobank were included. RESULTS: It was shown that 4,059 MI occurred during a median 8.0 years follow-up. Using group (<1 km) as reference, group (20-50 km) was associated with a lower risk of MI (hazard ratio, HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.98) and a U-shaped relation between distance to the coast and MI was shown with the low-risk interval between 32 and 64 km (p non-linear = 0.0012). Using participants of the intermediate region (32-64 km) as a reference, participants of the offshore region (<32 km) and inland region (>64 km) were both associated with a higher risk of incident MI (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21 and HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18, respectively). HR for offshore region (<32 km) was larger in subgroup with low total physical activity (<24 h/week) (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.09-1.42, p interaction = 0.043). HR for inland region (>64 km) was larger in subgroup in urban area (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.22, p interaction = 0.065) and in subgroup of high nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air pollution (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.11-1.50, p interaction = 0.021). CONCLUSION: We found a U-shaped association between residential distance to the coast and incident MI, and the association was modified by physical activity, population density, and air pollution.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective effect of dihydromyricetin (DMY) against lipid accumulation in light of the lipophagy pathway and the inhibitory effect of DMY on HepG2 cell proliferation.@*METHODS@#LO2 cells were cultured in the presence of 10% FBS for 24 h and treated with 100 μg/mL DMY, or exposed to 50% FBS for 24 h followed by treatment with 50, 100, or 200 μg/mL DMY; the cells in recovery group were cultured in 50% FBS for 24 h and then in 10% FBS for another 24 h. Oil red O staining was used to observe the accumulation of lipid droplets in the cells, and the levels of TC, TG, and LDL and activities of AST, ALT and LDH were measured. The expression of LC3 protein was detected using Western blotting. AO staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the numbers of autophagolysosomes and autophagosomes, respectively. The formation of autophagosomes was observed with MDC staining, and the mRNA expression levels of LC3, ATG7, AMPK, mTOR, p62 and Beclin1 were determined with q-PCR. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the effect of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL DMY on cell cycle and apoptosis of HepG2 cells; DNA integrity in the treated cells was examined with cell DNA fragmentation test.@*RESULTS@#DMY treatment and pretreatment obviously inhibited lipid accumulation and reduced the levels of TC, TG, LDL and enzyme activities of AST, ALT and LDH in LO2 cells (P < 0.05). In routinely cultured LO2 cells, DMY significantly promoted the formation of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes and upregulated the expression of LC3 protein. DMY obviously attenuated high FBS-induced inhibition of autophagosome formation in LO2 cells, up- regulated the mRNA levels of LC3, ATG7, Beclin1 and AMPK, and downregulated p62 and mTOR mRNA levels (P < 0.05 or 0.01). In HepG2 cells, DMY caused obvious cell cycle arrest, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced late apoptosis and DNA fragmentation.@*CONCLUSION@#DMY reduces lipid accumulation in LO2 cells by regulating the AMPK/ mTOR-mediated lipophagy pathway and inhibits the proliferation of HepG2 by causing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis.
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Humanos , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Autofagia , Beclina-1 , Proliferación Celular , Flavonoles , Células Hep G2 , Lípidos , ARN Mensajero , Transducción de Señal , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: In this study, it was hypothesized that klotho deficiency plays an essential role in cardiac ageing in vivo and demonstrated that supplementation with exogenous klotho protects against cardiomyocyte ageing in vitro. METHODS: We measured the lifespan of wild-type (WT) and klotho-hypomorphic mutant (KL-/-) mice and recorded the cardiac function of the mice through echocardiography. We used immunofluorescence staining to detect the LC3B (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 B), Beclin 1, Bax and Bcl 2 proteins. In vitro, H9c2 cells were incubated with different levels of D-galactose (D-gal) with or without klotho. SA-ß-galactosidase staining and western blotting were performed to detect ageing-associated proteins (P53, P21 and P16), autophagy-associated proteins (LC3 II/LC3 I and Beclin 1) and apoptosis-associated proteins (Bax and Bcl 2). Moreover, one-step TUNEL apoptosis, CCK-8, cell morphology, Hoechst 33258 staining, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and caspase-3 activity assays were performed, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. RESULTS: Genetic klotho deficiency decreased lifespan and cardiac function in mice, impaired autophagic activity and increased apoptotic activity. Exogenous klotho attenuated cardiomyocyte ageing and reversed changes in autophagic and apoptotic activity caused by D-gal. Moreover, klotho supplementation prevented D-gal-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Klotho might have a protective effect on cardiac ageing via autophagy activation and apoptosis inhibition.
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AutofagiaRESUMEN
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the key production processes of Schizonepetae Herba formula granules based on the new model of combining characteristic chromatogram with quantitative transfer relationship. The rationality of production process design was evaluated by studying the intermediates in different processes of formula granules, analyzing the loss of index component pulegone in each step, and establishing the characteristic chromatogram. The content of pulegone in 10 batches of standard decoction ranged between 0.067% and 0.124%(70%-130% of the average value), and the transfer rate of pulegone was 44.58%-93.97%. After the improvement of the production process, the content of pulegone in Schizonepetae Herba formula granules was 0.093%, and the transfer rate of pulegone was 68.38%, which was consistent with the parameters range of standard decoction. This study emphasized the integrality of the research process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formula granules, and provided a new idea for the quality control of TCM with content determination as the main evaluation index for a long time.
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Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Lamiaceae/química , Medicina Tradicional China , Control de CalidadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Guidelines for screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been updated in the past several years, and various inconsistencies exist across these guidelines. Moreover, the quality of these updated guidelines has not been clarified. We thus conducted this systematic review to evaluate the relationship between the quality and detailed recommendations of these guidelines. DATA SOURCES: The Guidelines International Network Library, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) database, the Medline database, the Embase and the National Guidelines Clearinghouse were searched for guidelines containing recommendations on screening and diagnosis strategies for GDM between 2009 and November 2018. METHODS: Guidelines included a target group of women with GDM, and contained recommendations for screening and diagnostic strategies for GDM were included in the present systematic review. Reviewers summarised recommendations on screening and diagnosis strategies from each guideline and rated the quality of guidelines by using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) criteria. RESULTS: A total of 459 citations were collected by the preliminary literature selection, and 16 guidelines that met the inclusion criteria were assessed. The inconsistencies of the guidelines mainly focus on the screening process (one step vs two step) and criteria of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups [IADPSG] vs CarpenterandCoustan). Guidelines with higher AGREE scores usually recommend a one-step OGTT strategy with IADPSG criteria between 24 and 28 gestational weeks, and the majority of these guidelines likely to select evidence by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The guidelines of WHO-2013, NICE-2015, American Diabetes Association-2018, Endocrine Society-2013, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada-2016, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics-2015, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists-2018, United States Preventive Services Task Force-2014 and IADPSG-2015 are strongly recommended in the present evaluation, according to the AGREE II criteria. Guidelines with higher quality tend to recommend a one-step 75 g OGTT strategy with IADPSG criteria between 24 and 28 gestational weeks.
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Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Tamizaje Masivo/normas , Adulto , Femenino , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Guías como Asunto , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Embarazo , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de SaludRESUMEN
@# Objective To Analyze the change trend of the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in Chinese women from 2005 to 2013 in the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report in order to provide references for the implement of the prophylaxis and treatment of breast cancer. Methods Extracted all the records of the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in Chinese women from 2005 to 2013, applied the Joinpoint regression model to analyze the change trend of the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in Chinese women. Results The incidence levels of breast cancer among urban women in China was higher than that in rural from 2005 to 2013, the change trend of urban incidence was stable(t=-0.2, P=0.828), the rural incidence showed an increasing trend(t=7.8, P<0.001). The peaks of urban and rural incidence were in the age group of 50- and the age group of 45- respectively.The mortality of breast cancer among urban women in China was higher than that in rural from 2005 to 2013, the change trend of urban mortality was stable(t=0.8, P=0.458), and the rising trend of rural mortality was obvious(t=3.3, P=0.014). The mortality of urban women began to rise after the age of 30, accelerating to rise after the age of 75, the mortality of rural women began to rise after the age of 30, the change tended to be stable at the age of 55-69, and began to rise after the age of 70 again. Conclusions The incidence and mortality of breast cancer among urban women in China were all higher than that in rural from 2005 to 2013, the rising trend of the incidence and mortality of breast cancer among rural women was obvious, so the prophylaxis and treatment measures of breast cancer should be actively formulated and perfected.
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Objective@#To investigate the characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in children and the changes of serum interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) levels.@*Methods@#From January 2016 to December 2017, 103 children with refractory mycoplasma infection admitted to the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhoushan were selected in the study.Another 60 healthy subjects in our Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were selected as control group.The oropharyngeal secretions were collected in all children with refractory mycoplasma pneumonia, isolated and cultured pathogenic bacteria.Disk diffusion (K-B method) was used to detect the drug resistance of the main pathogens.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serum IL-18 and IL-33 levels.@*Results@#The 117 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 103 children with refractory mycoplasma infection, of which 68 strains (58.12%) were Gram-negative bacilli, 39 strains (33.33%) were Gram-positive cocci, and 10 strains (8.55%) were fungi.Klebsiella pneumoniae was more resistant to cefuroxime than Acinetobacter baumannii to cefuroxime and ceftriaxone.Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were more resistant to erythromycin and penicillin G than other Gram-positive cocci.The levels of serum IL-18 and IL-33 in the study group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogens of refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in children.The resistant rate of main Gram-negative bacilli to cephalosporins is higher.The resistant rate of main Gram-positive cocci to penicillin G and erythromycin is higher.The levels of serum IL-18 and IL-33 are significantly higher in patients with refractory mycoplasma pneumonia.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of OTD (observation-teaching-discussion) teaching for undergraduate students major-ing in rehabilitation therapy. Methods Students in Grade 2013 and Grade 2014 for rehabilitation therapy were taught with traditional teaching and OTD teaching in course of physiotherapy. The scores of theory and practice, and total score of the final test of physiotherapy were compared, and their satisfaction for the course was investigated with questionnaire. Results The scores of theory and practice, and total score were all greater in the Grade 2014 than in the Grade 2013 (t>2.73, P<0.01), as well as the satisfaction for the course (t=3.17, P=0.005). Conclusion OTD teaching may improve the achievement of study and satisfaction for the course.
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Objective To investigate the specific absorption rate (SAR)in 3.0T MR brain examination.Methods All 280 patients underwent 3 .0 MR brain examination.And the patients were divided into three groups:a group of 0-3 years old without hands intersection, inluding 40 cases through conventional MRI examination,40 cases through MRA,as well as 40 cases through DWI;a group of more than 20 years old without hands intersection,including 40 cases through conventional MRI examination,40 cases through MRA,as well as 40 cases through DWI;a group of more than 20 years old with hands intersection,consisting of 40 cases through MRA.The SAR values of each group were recorded,respectively.And the independent samples t test was used to compare statistical difference of different SAR values between groups.Results Compared the group of 0-3 years old without hands intersection and the group of more than 20 years old without hands intersection,the SAR values of all six sequences in front group were significantly higher than that those in latter one,but not exceed the safety standard of 3 w/kg in the United States FDA.There was no significant statistical differences in the SAR values of two groups which more than 20 years old with hands intersection or not (P>0.05).Conclusion The SAR values of each sequence in the group of 0-3 years old without hands intersection were significantly higher than those in the group of more than 20 years old without hands intersection,but in a safe and reasonable range.The brain scanning with two hands intersect of 20 years old and above,and there was no significant increase on the SAR values in the brain examination of the group of more than 20 years old with hands intersection.So it is of great significance to guide the daily work,settle doubts and improve success rates of the MR examination.
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Objective To investigate the specific absorption rate (SAR)in 3.0T MR brain examination.Methods All 280 patients underwent 3 .0 MR brain examination.And the patients were divided into three groups:a group of 0-3 years old without hands intersection, inluding 40 cases through conventional MRI examination,40 cases through MRA,as well as 40 cases through DWI;a group of more than 20 years old without hands intersection,including 40 cases through conventional MRI examination,40 cases through MRA,as well as 40 cases through DWI;a group of more than 20 years old with hands intersection,consisting of 40 cases through MRA.The SAR values of each group were recorded,respectively.And the independent samples t test was used to compare statistical difference of different SAR values between groups.Results Compared the group of 0-3 years old without hands intersection and the group of more than 20 years old without hands intersection,the SAR values of all six sequences in front group were significantly higher than that those in latter one,but not exceed the safety standard of 3 w/kg in the United States FDA.There was no significant statistical differences in the SAR values of two groups which more than 20 years old with hands intersection or not (P>0.05).Conclusion The SAR values of each sequence in the group of 0-3 years old without hands intersection were significantly higher than those in the group of more than 20 years old without hands intersection,but in a safe and reasonable range.The brain scanning with two hands intersect of 20 years old and above,and there was no significant increase on the SAR values in the brain examination of the group of more than 20 years old with hands intersection.So it is of great significance to guide the daily work,settle doubts and improve success rates of the MR examination.
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@#BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) and the effect of low-dose glucocorticoid on prognosis of CIRCI in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). METHODS: Since January 2010 to December 2012, 385 patients, who met the criteria of AECOPD, were enrolled in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the First People's Hospital and Municipal Central Hospital of Xiangtan City. The AECOPD patients complicated with CIRCI screened by an adrenalcorticotrophic hormone test within 12 hours after admission to ICU were divided into a treatment group (n=32) and a control group (n=31) for a prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial. Hydrocortisone (150 mg/d) or normal saline was injected intravenously for 7 days. The patients were followed up for 28 days after injection. The endpoint included 28-day survival time, non-shock time, ICU stay and the period of non-mechanical ventilation. The markers of inflammation C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6 and procalcitonin were measured at baseline and 7 days after treatment. The variables were analyzed by Student's t test, the non-parametric statistical test, the Chi-square test or the Kaplan-Meier method with SPSS18.0 statistic software. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Totally 63 patients were diagnosed with CIRCI by an adrenalcorticotrophic hormone test and the prevalence rate was 16.4%. The shock rate of the AECOPD patients complicated with CIRCI was higher than that of the AECOPD patients without CIRCI (23.8% vs. 8.7%, P<0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the 28-day survival time of the treatment group was obviously longer than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, shock-free days within 28 days was longer in the treatment group (18.2±9.5 vs. 25.8±4.1, P<0.05). Treatment with low-dose glucocorticoid obviously decreased the markers of infection and inflammation (P<0.01), such as C-reactive protein (13.2±5.5 mg/L vs. 8.3±3.1 mg/L for the control group; 13.5±5.9 mg/L vs. 5.1±2.3 mg/L for the treatment group), tumor necrosis factor-α (26.1±16.2 g/L vs. 17.5±11.7 g/L for the control group; 25.0±14.8 g/L vs. 10.4±7.8 g/L for the treatment group) and procalcitonin (3.88 g/L vs. 2.03 g/L for the control group; 3.77 g/L vs. 1.26 g/L for the treatment group). Furthermore, the markers in the treatment group decreased more obviously than those in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of CIRCI was higher in the patients with AECOPD in the department of critical medicine, and low-dose glucocorticoid treatment for one week reduced the 28-day mortality, shock time and markers of infection and inflammation.
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Objective To explore the correlation between MRI performance and biological factors of estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR),human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (c-erbB-2)and p53 through a group cases of breast cancer.Methods The MRI characteristics of 39 cases with breast cancers confirmed by surgery were analyzed .The MRI characteristics of rim enhancement,speculate, the type of time-intensity curve (TIC),the early-phase enhancement ratio,peak to time,apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)value were recorded and the lesions’pathological results of inmmunohistochemistry:the expression of ER,PR,c-erbB-2,p53 were aslo collected.The correlation between MRI characteristics and biological factors were analyzed with statistical software SPSS1 9.0.Results Spiculate was positively correlated with ER positive expression in breast cancer.Peak time of breast cancer and positive expression of p53 was negatively correlated.ADC value of breast cancer and positive expression of p53 was negatively correlated.Conclusion There are certain correlations between MRI characteristics and biological factors of breast cancer ER,PR,c-erbB-2,p53.
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Objective To observe effect of lidocaine pretreatment to malondialdehyde(MDA) and endothelin(ET) of patient ac-cepeted brain tumor removing and discuss the optimized pretreatment time .Methods 60 brain tumor patients in the hospital from March 2009 to September 2011 .according to the different pretreatment time ,the patients were randomly divided into five groups :group A(preoperative 48 h) ,group B(preoperative 24 h) ,group C(preoperative 12 h) ,group D(0 h or anesthesia induced) ,group E (control group) and group F(blank control group) ,10 cases in each group .Group A ,B ,C ,D with 1% lidocaine 1 .5 mg/kg intrave-nous pretreatment on schedule ,then induced conventional anesthesia ;group E were supplemented with 1% lidocaine 2 .5 mg · kg -1 · h-1 intravenous injection after anesthesia induction ;group F was performed routine program without lidocaine .The spontaneous breathing time ,awake time and tracheal extubation time was recorded ,while NIHSS score for evaluation of neural function defect was applied ,and peripheral serum level of MDA and ET was detected by colorimetric technique and radio-immunity .Results In group C ,the spontaneous breathing time ,awake time and tracheal extubation time were shorter than other groups ,but the difference had no statistically significant(P>0 .05) .There was no significant difference among each group in the aspect of NIHSS score 1 day before surgery(P>0 .05) ,after 14 days of operation ,NIHSS of group C was statistically lower than that of group E and group F (P 0 .05) .MDA and ET content in group C was significantly lower than those in other groups after surgery (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Lidocaine given 12 h before cere-bral ischemia has varying degree protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury .The protection has relation with the de-crease of MDA and ET content .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was to investigate the condom use and its factors on sex workers in Shandong province, and to provide effective suggestions for AIDS prevention strategies and interventions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April to July in 2009, 4732 female sex workers were investigated through anonymous questionnaires from 11 cities which were selected based on the AIDS epidemic, geographic location, economic conditions in Shandong province. Serum samples were collected and antibodies were tested by ELISA and TPPA from 4641 people.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>4732 female sex workers who were 15 - 58 years old were investigated and the majority belonged to the low age group (≤ 24 years old) which accounted for 61.5% (2912/4732). Among the 4732 female sex workers, the unmarried, the divorced, or the widowed females accounted for 72.8% (3441/4725) and 72.0% (3403/4726) of them were poorly educated.42.3% (1994/4719) of them were found from other provinces. The right answers for knowledge of AIDS accounted for 45.7% (2164/4732). 80.6% (3416/4236) of these females were found to used condoms in the most recent commercial sex activity. The rate of consistently using condoms in sex activity during the last month was 58.4% (2467/4221). In this survey, 7.3% (337/4637) of investigated females had been diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases, 30.7% (1449/4726) of them had received HIV antibody test, 70.4% (3323/4732) of these people had received the AIDS intervention services, and 3.6% (167/4668) of them had ever used drug. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high education level (junior high school or lower vs senior high school or higher, adjusted OR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.67 - 0.90), having received the HIV intervention (received vs unreceived, adjusted OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.17 - 1.58), antibody detection (done vs not done, adjusted OR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.15 - 1.55), and good knowledge about AIDS (low score group vs high score group, adjusted OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.32 - 0.44) were independent factors that increased safe sex behavior; while using drug (drug vs not drug, adjusted OR = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.15 - 0.31) was a negative factor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence rate of HIV infection among female sex workers was low in Shandong province. However, the low rate of condom use and the high prevalence of self-reported STD-related symptoms suggested that more attentions should be paid to the factors of risk behaviors, and more targeted interventions are critically needed.</p>
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Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida , China , Condones , Vigilancia de la Población , Prevalencia , Sexo Seguro , Trabajadores Sexuales , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To select a safe, quick and effective method for terminating ectopic pregnancy (EP) with few adverse effects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients were divided into 2 groups. The observed group was treated with methotrexate (MTX, 50 mg/m2 for single dose intramuscular injection) plus RU 486 (600 mg taken orally in the morning with empty stomach, followed with fasting for 2 hrs) and Waiyun Zhuyu decoction (WZD, one dose a day for 7-10 days). The control group was only treated with MTX, with the same regimen as used in the observed group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The curative rate, time for blood beta-HCG recovering, lump absorption time, and tube recanalization rate in the observed group were better than those in the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION; The key links for successfully treating EP with conservative drug therpy are to diagnose the disease early and clearly, and to select indicative subject strictly. The scheme of single dose administration of MTX plus RU486 combined with WZD, with its high efficacy and few adverse reaction, may be used as the first choice for referential clinical drugs administration.</p>
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Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Abortivos no Esteroideos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Metotrexato , Mifepristona , Fitoterapia , Embarazo Ectópico , Quimioterapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Objective To explore the effect on the neural endocrine and gastro intestinal functions when using Chinese traditional medicine in the treatment after the gyno-pathy operation of the wond's complete cutting off. Methods To compare 86 postoperative cases of gyno-pathy (womb's complete cutting off) being treated partly with Chinese medicine wiht the same 75 cases treated during the same period without Chinese medicine in order to investigate the different effect on the recovery of their neural endocrine and gastric intestinal functions. HZ Results The result shows that the patients in the tested group can recouer quickly while the neural endocrine and the gastro intestinal functions of the opposite group cannot recouer or recover very slowly in a long time. Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine is rather helpul for the recovery of thd postoperative gyno-pathy patients if it is correctly used .
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Aim To study the effects of glipizide and metformin on the serum IGF_1,IGF_2 in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus;Methods The effect of glipizide(n=40) and metformin(n=25) on serum IGF_1,IGF_2 in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus were compared with self_ controlled study.Results In metformin_treated patients ,there were not significantly changes in fasting IGF_1 and IGF_2 concentrations,In glipizide_treated patients,there were markedly increased IGF_1 concentrations (181.8?104.5) vs (209.0?88.2) ng?ml-1(P