A Network Meta-Analysis of Success Rates following Low Dosage Anti-VEGF for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

PURPOSE: To search the low dosage of anti-VEGF best for primary therapies on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in terms of success rate. METHODS: We searched Medline(Pubmed), Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases only for randomized controlled trials that had been reported as of March 3, 2023. We included studies that used bevacizumab, aflibercept and conbercept for ROP with comparable cohorts and treatment criteria. This study was performed according the pre-specified protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021270077) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis checklist. Those with animal and cell experiments, non-randomized case-control, or single case report were excluded. Frequentist network meta-analyses determined the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) of the success rate of each dose range group and compared pairs of treatments via STATA 15. RESULT: Since non-RCT research were excluded, aflflibercept and conbercept studies were excluded. Therefore, only 6 bevacizumab studies were included in final meta-analysis: Inconsistency was not detected in this study via global inconsistent model test, loop inconsistency and local inconsistent model test (p > 0.05). In addition, a consistent model test has been passed in this study (p > 0.05). Little bias was detected via funnel plot. Since bevacizumab adult standard dose of single-injection is 1.25 mg, the concentration groups were converted according to the proportion of adult standard dose, such as 1/2, [1/5, 1/6.25], [1/10, 1/12.5], [1/19.8, 1/78.1], [1/156.3, 1/625]. The SUCRA of [1/10, 1/12.5] dose group were the best of largest probability to achieve success. However, [1/156.3, 1/625] dose group was the worst dose to achieve success in the five dose groups. The success rate ranking of league chart in this study is that [1/10, 1/12.5] > [1/5, 1/6.25] > 1/2 ≈ [1/19.8, 1/78.1] > [1/156.3, 1/625]. CONCLUSIONS: [1/10, 1/12.5] were the best dosage ranges to achieve maximal medicine success. [1/156.3, 1/625] was the worst ineffective in the five dose ranges.

Carboplatin-loaded surface modified-PLGA nanoparticles confer sustained inhibitory effect against retinoblastoma cell in vitro / Nanopartículas de PLGA com superfície modificada carregada com carboplatina conferem efeito inibitório sustentado contra células de retinoblastoma in vitro

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the antiproliferative effect of carboplatin-loaded surface-modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) on retinoblastoma cells. Methods: Carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) with or without sodium alginate surface modification was prepared using sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide). The zeta potential and carboplatin release behavior were investigated. The cellular uptake of the released drug was observed in the retinoblastoma cell line Y79. The inhibitory effect of carboplatin-loaded nanoparticles against the Y79 cell line was evaluated using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and western blot. Native carboplatin and void nanoparticles without carboplatin loading were used as controls. Results: The zeta potential was -(26.1 ± 3.1) mV for carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and-(43.1 ± 8.1) mV for carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide). The burst release percentages of carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) were (40.0% ± 8.2%) and (18.9% ± 4.3%) at 24 hours, respectively. A significant difference was identified regarding drug release between carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide). Fluorescence detection revealed that intense uptake of carboplatin into the cytoplasm of the Y79 cell line that was exposed to carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide). Carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) or sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) exposure inhibited proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in Y79 cells on day 3. Extension of exposure to day 5 revealed that the sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) surface modification was superior to that of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) in terms of proliferating cell nuclear antigen inhibition. The cell viability test using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium revealed a similar inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the carboplatin-loaded nanoparticles of lower concentration inhibited cell viability more strongly than native carboplatin of higher concentration in methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Conclusions: Carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) inhibited retinoblastoma cell proliferation with superior effect as compared with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and native carboplatin. Sodium alginate surface modification offers a potential strategy for the sustained carboplatin release system.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar o efeito antiproliferativo de poli (lactídeo-coglicolídeo) com superfície modificada carregada com carboplatina contra células de retinoblastoma. Métodos: Preparou-se poli (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) carregado com carboplatina com ou sem alginato de sódio para modifição da superfície, poli com alginato de sódio (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) e poli (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo). O potencial zeta e o comportamento de liberação de carboplatina foram investigados. A captação celular do fármaco liberado foi observada na linha celular de retinoblastoma Y79. O efeito inibitório das nanopartículas carregadas com carboplatina contra a linha celular Y79 foi avaliado através do ensaio de metiltiazol tetrazólio e Western-blot. Carboplatina nativa e nanopartículas vazias sem carga de carboplatina serviram como controles. Resultados: O potencial zeta de poli carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) foi - (26,1 ± 3,1) mV versus - (43,1 ± 8,1) mV em poli com alginato de sódio carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo). A percentagem de libertação de explosão de poli carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) e poli com alginato de sódio (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) foram (40,0 ± 8,2)% e (18,9 ± 4,3)% às 24 horas, respectivamente. Uma diferença significativa foi identificada em relação à liberação de fármaco entre poli com alginato de sódio carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) e poli carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo). A detecção de fluorescência revelou que a carboplatina foi assimilada intensamente no citoplasma da linha celular Y79 que foi exposta ao poli com alginato de sódio carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo). A exposição de poli carregada com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) ou poli com alginato de sódio (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) inibiu a expressão de antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular em células Y79 no 3º dia. A extensão da exposição no 5º dia revelou que poli com alginato de sódio (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) para modificação da superfície foi superior a poli (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) em termos de inibição do antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular. O teste de viabilidade celular via metiltiazol tetrazólio mostrou um efeito inibitório semelhante. Além disso, as nanopartículas carregadas com carboplatina de concentração mais baixa inibiram a viabilidade celular mais fortemente em comparação com a carboplatina nativa de concentração mais alta no ensaio de metiltiazol tetrazólio. Conclusões: Poli com alginato de sódio carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) inibiu a proliferação de células de retinoblastoma com efeito superior em contraste com poli (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) e carboplatina nativa. O alginato de sódio para modificação da superfície oferece uma estratégia potencial para o sistema de liberação de carboplatina sustentada.

Mumps serological surveillance following 10 years of a one-dose mumps-containing-vaccine policy in Fujian Province, China.

BACKGROUND: Since 2008, Fujian province provided measles-rubella (MR) vaccine at 8 months followed by measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine at 18 months a one-dose mumps-containing-vaccine (MuCV) schedule. Several mumps outbreaks have occurred recently in Fujian. Serological surveillance can assess population immunity to mumps and identify risk factors for mumps. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional serosurvey of mumps IgG antibodies in the general population of Fujian Province in 2018 and compare results with a similar study conducted in 2009, when the routine schedule had no MuCV. We analyzed changes in mumps epidemiology after implementation of a one-dose MuCV vaccination strategy. RESULTS: Mumps seroprevalence was 78.6% (95% CI: 77.4-79.8), and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of mumps antibodies was 245.8 IU/ml (95% CI:237.3-255.1). MuCV vaccination at 18 months resulted in increased seroprevalence and GMCs. Seroprevalence and GMCs varied by age, gender, and number of doses received. Except for children under 18 months, seroprevalence and GMCs were lowest among 10-15-year-olds. Each year after introduction of the one-dose MuCV vaccination policy, the highest incidence of mumps was among 4-6-year-olds and 9-15-year-olds, gradually shifting to older age groups. CONCLUSION: A one-dose mumps-containing vaccine schedule does not provide sustained and stable mumps immunity in Fujian. To reduce the risk of mumps, we recommend supplementary vaccination of children without a history of receiving at least one MuCV dose or who are seronegative at 10-15 years of age.

Observation of photoassociation spectroscopy of 23Na spinor Bose-Einstein condensate.

We report the high-resolution photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of 23Na excited from the spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) to the molecular state of 0g-(P3/2)v = 4 and 1g(P3/2)v = 91. By comparing the PA spectra of different spin configurations, we experimentally studied the effect of spin on the PA spectra. The experimental spectra comply well with the theoretical consideration. The results will play an important role in the study of the spin interaction and control of the antiferromagnetism in Na.

Carboplatin-loaded surface modified-PLGA nanoparticles confer sustained inhibitory effect against retinoblastoma cell in vitro.

PURPOSE: To investigate the antiproliferative effect of carboplatin-loaded surface-modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) on retinoblastoma cells. METHODS: Carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) with or without sodium alginate surface modification was prepared using sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide). The zeta potential and carboplatin release behavior were investigated. The cellular uptake of the released drug was observed in the retinoblastoma cell line Y79. The inhibitory effect of carboplatin-loaded nanoparticles against the Y79 cell line was evaluated using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and western blot. Native carboplatin and void nanoparticles without carboplatin loading were used as controls. RESULTS: The zeta potential was -(26.1 ± 3.1) mV for carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and-(43.1 ± 8.1) mV for carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide). The burst release percentages of carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) were (40.0% ± 8.2%) and (18.9% ± 4.3%) at 24 hours, respectively. A significant difference was identified regarding drug release between carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide). Fluorescence detection revealed that intense uptake of carboplatin into the cytoplasm of the Y79 cell line that was exposed to carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide). Carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) or sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) exposure inhibited proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in Y79 cells on day 3. Extension of exposure to day 5 revealed that the sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) surface modification was superior to that of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) in terms of proliferating cell nuclear antigen inhibition. The cell viability test using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium revealed a similar inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the carboplatin-loaded nanoparticles of lower concentration inhibited cell viability more strongly than native carboplatin of higher concentration in methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. CONCLUSIONS: Carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) inhibited retinoblastoma cell proliferation with superior effect as compared with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and native carboplatin. Sodium alginate surface modification offers a potential strategy for the sustained carboplatin release system.

Nonlinear laser-induced frequency shift in a 23Na spin-1 condensate.

Herein, we report on the experimental observations and a quantitative determination of the laser-induced frequency shift (LIFS) in the photoassociation (PA) spectra of spinor Bose-Einstein condensate of sodium. Our investigations revealed a nonlinear dependence of the LIFS on the intensity of PA laser. By developing a model within the quadratic Stark effect, we simulate the experimental results via a theoretical model that confirms the former. The experimental observations and the theoretical analysis can further improve the accuracy of investigations on important molecular properties and on preparation of specific molecular states, with possible applications in various key fields.

Fluorofenidone inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial cell line FHL 124: a promising therapeutic strategy against posterior capsular opacification.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of fluorofenidone against transforming growth factor ß2-induced proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial cell line FHL 124 and its potential mechanism. METHODS: We evaluated the effect of fluorofenidone on proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cell line FHL 124 in vitro. After treatment with 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 1.0 mg/mL fluorofenidone, cell proliferation was measured via MTT assay. Cell viability was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase activity from damaged cells. FHL 124 cells were treated with different transforming growth factor ß2 concentrations (0-10 ng/mL) for 24 h and the expression of CTGF, α-SMA, COL-I, E-cadherin, and Fn were detected via quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. After treatment with 0, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/ml fluorofenidone, the expressions of transforming growth factor ß2 and SMADs were detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Expressions of CTGF, α-SMA, COL-I, and Fn were analyzed by immunocytochemistry assay. RESULTS: The viability of FHL 124 cells was not inhibited when the fluorofenidone concentration was ≤0.4 mg/mL after the 24h treatment. Cytotoxicity was not detected via lactate dehydrogenase assay after the 24h and 36h treatment with 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL fluorofenidone. Transforming growth factor ß2 increased mRNA and protein expression of CTGF, α-SMA, COL-I, and Fn. However, fluorofenidone significantly suppressed expression of SMADs, CTGF, α-SMA, COL-I, and Fn in the absence or presence of transforming growth factor ß2 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Fluorofenidone significantly inhibited expression of SMADs, CTGF, α-SMA, COL-I, and Fn in FHL 124 cells. Due to noncompliance in infants, fluorofenidone may become a novel therapeutic drug against posterior capsular opacification in infants.