Will male semen quality improve with environmental quality? / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Wenzhou has improved its environmental quality because of comprehensive environmental remediation; nevertheless, the semen quality of infertile males remains unclear. This study determined whether better environmental quality improved semen quality in this region. We recorded semen quality data from 22 962 infertile males from January 2014 to November 2019 at the Center for Reproductive Health of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou, China). Patients were predominantly 30-35 years old (33.1%) and workers (82.0%), with high school education or lower (77.6%); more than a half of the patients (52.6%) were Wenzhou household registration; and most patients (77.5%) had abnormal semen quality. Patients who were older than 40 years and workers, and those with Wenzhou household registration, had significantly worse semen quality (all P < 0.05). From 2014 to 2019, progressive sperm motility, total sperm motility, and semen volume showed increasing linear trends in all patients (P = 0.021, 0.030, and 0.005, respectively), yet normal sperm morphology showed a linearly decreasing trend (P = 0.046). Sensitivity analyses for subgroups yielded similar results. In conclusion, the improvement of environmental quality and better function of the accessory glands are associated with progressive sperm motility, total sperm motility, and semen volume. Normal sperm morphology is influenced by occupational exposures and personal lifestyle and does not improve with environmental quality.

Analysis of semen quality of 38 905 infertile male patients during 2008-2016 in Wenzhou, China / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study analyzed the trend in semen quality of infertile male patients in Wenzhou, China, based on the data obtained from 38 905 patients during 2008-2016 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou, China). The results showed that only 24.9% of the patients had normal semen quality. For the semen quality of infertile male patients, that of the workers and 40-year-olds was significantly worse than the other occupational and age groups. For all the infertile patients, low semen volume, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia accounted for 8.4%, 50.5%, and 54.1%, respectively. During 2008-2016, the annual mean percentage of fast forward motile spermatozoa, percentage of total forward motile spermatozoa, and percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology decreased linearly with slopes of -2.11, -2.59, and -0.70, respectively. The proportion of patients with asthenozoospermia and multi-abnormal spermatozoa increased during 2008-2016 with slopes of 4.70 and 4.87, respectively, while for low semen volume, it decreased with a slope of -0.47 in the same time period. The proportion of patients with teratozoospermia increased from 2008 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2016 with slopes of 17.10 and 2.09, respectively. In general, the deteriorating trend of semen quality of infertile male patients in Wenzhou was obvious. Future efforts should be made to reveal the adverse influences on semen quality, such as occupational exposure, environmental quality, and living habits. Furthermore, more pervasive reproduction health education is necessary.

Application of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy in uroandrology / 中华男科学杂志

With the continuous improvement of living conditions, increasing attention is being drawn to the genitourinary health of males, which has boomed the development of uroandrology in recent years. Refractory hemospermia, infertility, and perineal pain are commonly seen in some male patients, and mainly relied on medical imaging for diagnosis in the past, which, however, has a high pseudopositive rate and cannot give an etiological explanation. Patients with these diseases often adopt conservative treatments such as medication and physiotherapy, often with poor prognosis, and those suffering frequent recurrence used to be treated by transurethral resection, laparoscopic surgery or open surgery, which are now rarely employed due to their high rate of postoperative complications, slow recovery, and easy recurrence. In recent years, transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy has gained a wide application in the diagnosis and treatment of the above-mentioned uroandrological diseases and shown its advantages of high clinical effectiveness and low incidence of complications. The review updates on the indications, methods, skills and clinical application of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy.

RON and MET Co-overexpression Are Significant Pathological Characteristics of Poor Survival and Therapeutic Targets of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly malignant and has poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. The lack of effective therapy has spurred our investigation of new targets for treating this malignant cancer. Here, we identified RON (macrophage-stimulating 1 receptor) and MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic targets for potential TNBC treatment. @*Materials and Methods@#We analyzed RON and MET expression in 187 primary TNBC clinical samples with immunohistochemistry. We validated the targeted therapeutic effects of RON and MET in TNBC using three tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs): BMS-777607, INCB28060, and tivantinib. The preclinical therapeutic efficacy of the TKIs was mainly estimated using a TNBC xenograft model. @*Results@#Patients with TNBC had widespread, abnormal expression of RON and MET. There was RON overexpression, MET overexpression, and RON and MET co-overexpression in 63 (33.7%), 63 (33.7%), and 43 cases (23.0%), respectively, which had poor prognosis and short survival. In vivo, the TKI targeting RON ant MET inhibited the activation of the downstream signaling molecules, inhibited TNBC cell migration and proliferation, and increased TNBC cell apoptosis; in the xenograft model, they significantly inhibited tumor growth and shrank tumor volumes. The TKI targeting RON and Met, such as BMS-777607 and tivantinib, yielded stronger anti-tumor effects than INCB28060. @*Conclusion@#RON and MET co-overexpression can be significant pathological characteristics in TNBC for poor prognosis. TKIs targeting RON and MET have stronger drug development potential for treating TNBC.

Expression of Vasohibin-1 and LGR5 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their clinical significances / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To detect the expression of vasohibin-1 (VASH-1) and LGR5 protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) and their clinical significances. Methods Expression of VASH-1 and LGR5 protein in 223 cases of OSCC tissues and 80 cases of adjacent normal oral mucosa tissues was examined by the immunohistochemicalEliVision method. Results The positive rate of VASH-1 and LGR5 protein in OSCC tissues and the control tissues was 59.6％, 55.6％ and 12.5％, 13.8％, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P＜ 0.05 ). The expression of VASH-1 and LGR5 protein was significantly related with grades of tumors, size of tumors, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stages (all P＜0.05). The positive expression of VASH-1 and LGR5 was not relevant to age, gender, location of tumor, smoking, and alcohol (all P＞ 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive association between the VASH-1 expression and LGR5 expression (rs =0.718, P＜0.001). Conclusion The expression of VASH-1 and LGR5 in OSCC is high and may promote the initiation and development of the cancer, which play an important role in the invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of OSCC.

Frenulum identification positioning with a disposable suture device in circumcision to prevent postoperative penile frenulum malposition / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of the frenulum identification positioning method with a disposable suture device in circumcision for the prevention of postoperative penile frenulum malposition.@*METHODS@#Totally 212 patients with phimosis or redundant prepuce underwent circumcision from March 2015 to September 2016, including 109 cases of conventional circumcision (the control group) and 103 cases treated by frenulum identification positioning with a disposable suture device (the observation group). We observed the postoperative position of the penile frenulum and median raphe and compared the deviation angles of the frenulum between the two groups of patients.@*RESULTS@#The median of penile frenulum deviation angle (interquartile range) was 0 (3.56) in the observation group, significantly smaller than 12.41 (19.59) in the control (P <0.001, P = 0.000). And the rate of frenulum deviation was remarkably lower in the former (8.74% ［9/103］) than in the latter group (66.06% ［72/109］) (P <0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Circumcision using the frenulum identification positioning method with a disposable suture device can effectively avoid postoperative penile frenulum malposition. With the advantages of safety and easy operation, it deserves clinical application and popularization.

Protective effect of tadalafil against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (tadalafil) on the testis following testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-four healthy adult male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into groups A (sham operation), B (testicular torsion + low-dose tadalafil), C (testicular torsion + high-dose tadalafil), and D (testicular torsion + placebo). Models were established in the latter three groups by 7200 torsion of the right testis for 2 hours. The animals in groups A and B were treated by gavage with tadalafil at the dose of 0. 5 mg per kg per day, those in group C at 2 mg per kg per day, and those in group D with saline at the same dose. After 3, 7, and 14 days of treatment, the torsioned testes were harvested for evaluation of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the testis tissue. The pathological changes in the testis were observed under the light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 3, 7, and 14 days, the SOD activity was (254.46 +/- 7.43), (278.49 +/- 8.33), and (317.99 +/- 3.31) nU/mg prot in group B, and (277.12 +/- 8.80), (309.40 +/- 2.14), and (320.39 +/- 4.72) nU/mg prot in group C, all obviously higher than in D ([223.21 +/- 4.65], [231.45 +/- 4.16] and [248.28 +/- 5.74] nU/mg prot), while the MDA content was lower in the former two groups than in the latter. At 3 and 7 days, the SOD activity was significantly higher and the MDA level significantly lower in group C than in B (both P < 0.01) , while at 14 days, neither showed any remarkable differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). No obvious histopathological change was observed in the testis tissue of group A. At 3 and 7 days, pathological examination of the testis tissue revealed significant differences in the number of seminiferous epithelial layers, testicular histological score, and seminiferous tubule diameter in group B (P < 0.01), but the three indexes at 14 days in group B and at 7 days in group C exhibited no remarkable differences from those at 14 days in group A.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tadalafil can alleviate testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury following testis torsion/detorsion in a time- and dose-dependent manner.</p>

Efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for erectile dysfunction in diabetic men: A meta analysis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors for erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with diabetes mellitus and provide some evidence for the clinical treatment of the disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We searched MedMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang Data, VIP and ZADL for randomized controlled trials on PDE-5 inhibitors for ED in diabetic men and evaluated the methodology of the included trials with the Jadad scale. We used the erectile function domain in the IIEF (IIEF-EF), IIEF questions (IIEF-Q) 3 and 4, SEP-2 and -3, and Global Assessment Questions (GAQ) as the main evaluation indexes and employed the Review Manager 5. 1. 0 software for meta analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 13 studies were included, which were all high quality trials with Jadad score > 3. The IIEF-EF scores in 10 of the included studies were subjected to meta analysis using the random-effect model (REM), with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 5.64 (95% CI 4.41 - 6.83, P < 0.001). The fixed-effect model (FEM) analysis of the IIEF-Q scores in 6 of the studies showed the WMD to be 0.96 (95% CI 0.83 -1.08, P < 0.001) for IIEF-Q3 and 1.11 (95% CI 0.98 - 1.25, P < 0.001) for IIEF-Q4. FEM analysis of the SEP-2 scores showed WMD = 17.67 (95% CI 12. 38 - 22. 97, P < 0.001) in 2 of the studies, and that of the SEP-3 scores WMD = 23.64 (95% CI 17. 49 - 29.79, P < 0.001) in 5 of the studies. The GAQ scores in 11 of the studies were subjected to REM analysis, with OR = 6. 20 and 95% CI 3.65 - 10.52 (P < 0.001). REM analysis was performed on the adverse reactions in 11 of the studies, with OR = 7.43 and 95% CI 4.11 - 13.44 (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PDE-5 inhibitors can effectively and safely improve erectile function in patients with diabetes mellitus.</p>

Effects of Jiji decoction on the cognitive function and oxidative stress in mice with vascular dementia induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effects of Jiji decoction (Traditional Chinese Medicine) on the cognitive function and oxidative stress in mice with vascular dementia (VD) induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into nonnal group (n = 8), sham group (operation, but no cerebral ischemia/reperfusi6n, n = 8), model group (vascular dementia model induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, n = 8), and Jiji decoction-treated group (vascular dementia model plus treatment with Jiji decoction, n = 8). Fourteen days of treatment after operation, the cognitive behavior was measured in step-through test, spatial probe test and platform test. Afterwards, to assess the levels of oxidative stress, the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in brain of these mice were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Data from step-through test indicated that the escaping latency of Jiji decoction-treated group was prolonged and the error counts were decreased significantly ( P <0.01) compared with those of model group. Data from spatial probe test indicated that the time of entering darkroom, the time of climbing height and the time of entering bright room in Jiji decoction-treated group were shortened and the counts of climbing height were increased (P < 0.05-0.01) significantly compared with those of model group. Data from platform test showed that the escaping latency of Jiji decoction-treated group was prolonged significantly (P < 0.01) compared with that of model group. Compared with normal and sham group, the activity of SOD was decreased and the content of MDA was increased in model group significantly (P < 0.01). Compared with those of model group, the levels of SOD and MDA in Jiji decoction-treated group were improved significantly (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Jiji decoction could improve cognitive function of VD mice. Its mechanism might be related with the inhibition of oxidative stiess in the brain.</p>

New variety breeding of Dioscorea alata, cultivar "Wenshanyao No.1 / 中国中药杂志

To breed a new yam cultivar of Dioscorea alata, the different and excellent germplasm resources were investigated within artificially cultivated population and some superior individuals, with a higher yield and medicinal properties, were selected. Considering results of the yield and medicinal properties during 2006-2013 cropping season, strains and lines were established and selected. As a result, the yield of the new developed cultivar (Wenshanyao No. 1, WSY01-1) reached 2217. 0 kg per 667 m2 (fresh weight) and 348.3 kg per 667 m2 (dry weight), and increased 23.8% and 23.9% comparing with control cultivars (landraces). Comparing with control cultivars, the level of polysaccharide, allantoin, and dioscin increased 36.9%, 48.3%, 20.9%, and reached 12.2%, 1.30%, 579.7 µg · g(-1), respectively. This result showed that the systematic selection method can significantly improve yield and medicinal properties of D. alata, and the developed " Wenshanyao No. 1" exhibits wide spreading prospects.

Sequence analysis on rDNA-ITS region of germplasm resources from Dioscoreae Rhizoma / 中草药

Objective: To provide the scientific evidence for molecular identification and phylogenetic evolution by analyzing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences in 14 different germplasms from Dioscoreae Rhizoma. Methods: The ITS regions were cloned by PCR amplification and sequenced bi-directionally. The ITS sequences were aligned using Clustal X software (version 1.83), the genetic distances were calculated using Mega software (version 4.1), and the phylogenetic trees were constructed through the Neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods. Results: The length of ITS sequences obtained ranged from 558 to 594 bp, of which ITS1 was from 141 to 165 bp and ITS2 was from 146 to 158 bp. There were a lot of transitions and transversions in ITS sequences, and the transition/transversion ratio among 14 different germplasms was 5.347. Both in ITS1 and ITS2, 102 variable sites were further observed. The kimura 2-parameter (K2-P) genetic distance among 14 different germplasms ranged form 0 to 0.5172. The phylogenetic trees suggested that there were close genetic relationship among Dioscorea opposita, D. persimilis, and D. japonica, they grouped closely into Clade I; Furthermore, D. alata and D. fordii also shared a closer genetic relationship comprised another clade (Clade II). Conclusion: The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences can present a foundation for clearing the evolution of germplasm resources in Dioscoreae Rhizoma; The variable bases can also provide reliable molecular evidences for identifying different genotypic germplasms of Dioscoreae Rhizoma.

Cloning and expression analysis of pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene of Panax notoginseng / 药学学报

By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), an open reading frame of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) was isolated from Panax notoginseng and named as PnPR1. Molecular and bioinformatic analyses of PnPR1 revealed that an open reading frame of 501 bp was predicted to encode a 166-amino acid protein with a deduced molecular mass of 18.1 kD. Homology analysis showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of PR1 protein of Panax notoginseng had a high similarity with other higher plants had the same conservative structure domain of cysteine-rich secretory protein (CAP). The recombinant expressed plasmid pET28a(+)-PnPR1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The expression conditions were optimized by induction at different times, different temperatures, different IPTG concentrations and different giving times. The optimum expression condition was 0.4 mmol.L-1 IPTG at 28 degrees C for 20 h. The successful expression of PnPR1 provides some basis for protein purification and preparation of the monoclonal antibody.

Restriction endonuclease digest - melting curve analysis: a new SNP genotyping and its application in traditional Chinese medicine authentication / 药学学报

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) is an important molecular marker in traditional Chinese medicine research, and it is widely used in TCM authentication. The present study created a new genotyping method by combining restriction endonuclease digesting with melting curve analysis, which is a stable, rapid and easy doing SNP genotyping method. The new method analyzed SNP genotyping of two chloroplast SNP which was located in or out of the endonuclease recognition site, the results showed that when attaching a 14 bp GC-clamp (cggcgggagggcgg) to 5' end of the primer and selecting suited endonuclease to digest the amplification products, the melting curve of Lonicera japonica and Atractylodes macrocephala were all of double peaks and the adulterants Shan-yin-hua and A. lancea were of single peaks. The results indicated that the method had good stability and reproducibility for identifying authentic medicines from its adulterants. It is a potential SNP genotyping method and named restriction endonuclease digest - melting curve analysis.

Optimization of expression and purification of recombinant Salvia miltiorrhiza WRKY1 protein in Escherichia coli / 中国中药杂志

WRKY transcription factor is one of the Zinc finger proteins which contains a highly conserved WRKY domain and is a family of the plant-specific transcription factor. The plasmid pET28a-SmWRKY1 harboring Salvia miltiorrhiza WRKY1 (SmWRKY1) gene was successfully transformed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The conditions on protein expression of SmWRKY1 in E. coli, including induction duration, temperature, IPTG concentration and the E. coli concentration were optimized. The results showed that the highest protein expression of SmWRKY1 was obtained at 24 hours after the E. coli was cultured in the presence of 0.2 mol x L(-1) IPTG at 20 degrees C with A600 values of 1.0-1.5. This recombinant histidine-tagged protein was expressed at 2.454 g x L(-1) as inclusion body, which was first extracted using urea, and then purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography and identified by SDS-PAGE. The expression of SmWRKY1 in E. coli was further confirmed by western blotting analysis.

Breeding of new Curcuma wenyujin variety "Wenyujin No. 1" / 中国中药杂志

In order to breed and spread a new cultivar of Curcuma wenyujin, the C. wenyujin germplasm resources were investigated in authentic regions. Better varieties were chosen by comparing the yield, economic characters and quality differences between different cultivars. The results showed that the character of new selected cultivar was stable, the yield of zedoary, turmeric and curcuma was reached 313.7, 177.9, 91.2 kg per 667 m2, respectively, it increased 11.6%, 10.2%, 14.2% comparing with farmer varieties. The volatile oil contents in zedoary and turmeric was 4.0%, 3.0%, respectively. The target ingredients (germacrone) content was stable. It is demonstrated that the new cultivar "Wenyujin No. 1" has value for extension at authentic regions.

Mechanism exploration on synthesis of secondary metabolites in Sorbus aucuparia cell cultures treated with yeast extract / 中国中药杂志

Suspension cultures cell of Sorbus aucuparia (SASC) was used as materials, the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes of SASC after treatment with yeast extract (YE) were detected, and the synthetic mechanism of secondary metabolites in SASC treated with YE was preliminarily explored. The results were as follows: under the assay conditions, SASC was induced to synthesize five biphenyl compounds, and these compounds content changed differently with induction time prolonging; YE treatment inhibited cell growth, the culture medium pH was gradually reduced after treatment; water-soluble protein content showed a trend of slow decline, which was significantly increased in YE treatment group (YE group) compared with the control group (CK group), the maximum relative content was 147.76% in contrast with CK group; both YE group and CK group were extracellular Ca2+ flow influx, but the YE group flow was significantly slow than CK group. The results indicate that YE induced the cells in a stress state, which was not conducive to the growth of cells and forced the cells to synthesize biphenyl compounds against external stress; water-soluble protein may serve as intracellular enzymes involved in the synthesis of compounds regulation; Ca2+ may as signal molecule mediate cell signal transduction respond to YE stress.

Investigation of genetic diversity of yam cultivars by SRAP markers / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic diversity of yam resources in China and provide reliable molecular evidences for cultivar identification and genetic relationship. METHODS: Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) was applied to detect the genetic diversity of 21 yam cultivars from eight cultivated populations, Popgene software (version 1.32) was used to calculate genetic parameters, UPGMA clustering was carried out using Mega software (version 4.1), and principal component analysis was performed with the help of Ntsys-pc (Version 2.1) program. RESULTS: Three hundreds and nine bands were amplified by 20 SRAP primer combinations, of which 289 bands were polymorphic. The Nei's gene diversity index (H=0.2881), Shannon's information index (I=0.4416) and total genetic diversity (Ht=0.2891) revealed a relatively high genetic diversity level among yam populations. Within populations, HNWX population showed the highest genetic diversity (PPB= 35.92%), whereas the lowest diversity (PPB=0) was observed in FJSM and ZJRG populations. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst=0.8658) and genetic flow (Nm=0.0075) indicated that the genetic diversity among populations was higher than that of within populations. A well-separated groups coupling with cultivated species was formed according to the genetic distance (GD) ranging from 0.0498-0.4879 of the investigated populations. Twenty-one investigated cultivars could be distinguished and be effectively grouped into four origins, i.e., Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Dioscorea alata Linn., Dioscorea persimilis Prain et Burkill. and Dioscorea fordii Prain et Burkill.. CONCLUSION: The genetic diversity level of yam resources is high, and relatively high genetic variation exists among four yam species. SRAP marker is an effective method to identify and classify numerous yam cultivars.

Association between the interaction polymorphisms of interleukin-l0 and smoking on patients with bladder cancer risk from a case-control study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between both polymorphisms of interleukin-10 (IL-10),smoking and the susceptibility to bladder cancer.Methods A case-control study was conducted to study the promoter polymorphisms of IL-10 gene by allele specific PCR amplification (AS-PCR) and to explore the possible genetic and environmental factors on bladder cancer,based on data from a hospital which included 400 patients with bladder cancer and another 400 healthy controls.Results The genotypes of IL-10 gene might be associated with the susceptibility to bladder cancer.Homozygous mutant of IL-10 gene at the point of 1082,819 and 592 could enhance the risk of bladder cancer (OR value is 2.058,1.979,1.979,respectively).No statistically significant correlation was found between the divergence of IL-10 genotype and the different clinical stages and pathological grade of bladder cancer (P＞0.05).Interactions were noticed between polymorphisms in IL-10 gene and their correlation with smoking on bladder cancer.The positive interaction of 1082 site homozygous variant (AA),819 site homozygous variant (TT),592 site homozygous variant (AA) and smoking were revealed in the occurrence rates of bladder cancer (OR=2.264,γ=l0.213;OR=2.438,γ=6.750; OR=2.438,y=6.750).Conclusion Our research findings showed that the significant interactions between IL-10 gene with homozygous mutant and smoking might increase the risk of bladder cancer.

Treatment of pelvic Ewing's sarcoma in children and the effect on the skeletal growth and development / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and computer-assisted surgery on children and adolescents with primary pelvic Ewing's sarcoma, and assess the therapeutic effect on the pelvic skeletal growth and development.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This is a retrospective analysis of 10 children with primary pelvic Ewing's sarcoma treated between Jan 2001 and Oct 2010 at the Department of Oncologic Orthopaedics at Xijing Hospital. There were 3 girls and 7 boys in the age of 7 to 16 years (average 12.7 years). All patients were pathologically diagnosed as Ewing's sarcoma. There were two cases in the sacroiliac joint, one in the ilium, one in the pubic bone, and 6 cases in peri-acetabular area including 5 below the triradiate cartilage and one above the triradiate cartilage, without cartilage invasion. All patients underwent neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, resection and reconstruction surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. CDP, ADM and IFO regimen chemotherapy were given as the main treatment. Five cases were treated by traditional resection and reconstruction, and after 2008, five cases were treated by computer-assisted surgery. During the reconstruction, the hip rotation center was put at a depressed location. All of the 10 cases underwent postoperative radiotherapy in a dose of 45-55 Gy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed-up for 12-72 months (mean: 37.8 months). One child had tumor recurrence and lung metastasis and 9 patients had no evidence of disease (NED). After neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, the oncologic statuses (RECIST) were: 1 CR, 8 PR and 1 SD. The functional recoveries after surgery (Enneking's) were: 4 cases excellent, 4 good, 1 fair and 1 poor. Five cases who underwent computer-assisted surgery achieved a good reconstruction without local recurrence. There were no effects on skeletal growth in 8 cases. An unbalanced hip rotational center occurred in one case, and a compemsatory scoliosis was found in another case. There were no serious complications in all patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The comprehensive treatment including neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, resection-reconstruction surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy may give a good control to primary pelvic Ewing's sarcomas in children and adolescents. The computer-assisted surgery used for accurate tumor resection and pelvic reconstruction is a good alternative when treating young patients with malignant pelvic tumors. The triradiate cartilage in children's acetabulum could be a natural barrier resistant to the invasion of Ewing's sarcomas.</p>

Different pruning to yield and quality of Lonicerea Japonicae Flos / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find out the influence of differences pruning on Lonicerea Japonicae Flos on it's yield and quality, and provide reference for reasonable pruning.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using different pruning treatments, the growth and yield and chlorogenic acid and galuteolin contents of Lonicerea Japonicae Flos were measured and compared. And the source and sink theory were used to interpret the rationality of the best way.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There existed significant differences in the growth and branching and yield at differences pruning methods, but not including chlorogenic acid and galuteolin contents of Lonicerea Japonicae Flos.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The best pruning treatments is in shearing.</p>