RESUMEN
The stromal and immune cells that form the tumor microenvironment serve a key role in the aggressiveness of tumors. Current tumor-centric interpretations of cancer transcriptome data ignore the roles of stromal and immune cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical utility of stromal and immune cells in tissue-based transcriptome data. The 'Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data' (ESTIMATE) algorithm was used to probe diverse cancer datasets and the fraction of stromal and immune cells in tumor tissues was scored. The association between the ESTIMATE scores and patient survival data was asessed; it was indicated that the two scores have implications for patient survival, metastasis and recurrence. Analysis of a colorectal cancer progression dataset revealed that decreased levels immune cells could serve an important role in cancer progression. The results of the present study indicated that trasncriptome-derived stromal and immune scores may be a useful indicator of cancer prognosis.
RESUMEN
A group of chitin-binding proteins were isolated from tuberous roots of Raphanus sativus by affinity chromatography with deaminated regenerated chitin (Fig. 1). SDS-PAGE showed that there are at least five proteins in the sample (Fig. 2-b). Through carboxyl methyl-cellulose chromatography, two chitin-binding proteins with lysozyme activity, named as CBP1 and CBP2 (Fig. 3), were purified to homogeneity with the molecular weights of 26.9 kD and 24.8 kD respectively (Fig. 2-d, e). CBP1 and CBP2 were found to be bifunctional enzymes with activities of lysozyme and chitinase (Figs. 4, 5), but without chitosanase activity (Table 1). The CBP1 and CBP2 could be specifically absorbed by various forms of chitin, such as powdered, regenerated and colloidal forms chitin (Fig. 6). No disulfide bridge was observed in CBP1 and CBP2 by reduced/nonreduced one-dimensional SDS-PAGE (Fig. 7).