Evaluating the reliability of the lateral femoral condyle measuring methods by different modalities for patients with lateral patellar dislocation.

BACKGROUND: A variety of measurement methods and imaging modalities are in use to quantify the morphology of lateral femoral condyle (LFC), but the most reliable method remains elusive in patients with lateral patellar dislocation (LPD). The purpose of this study was to determine the intra- and inter-observer reliability of different measurement methods for evaluating the morphology of LFC on different imaging modalities in patients with LPD. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with LPD were included. Four parameters for quantifying the morphology of LFC were retrospectively measured by three observers on MRI, sagittal CT image, conventional radiograph (CR), and three-dimensional CT (3D-CT). The intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the intra- and inter-observer reliability. Bland-Altman analysis was conducted to identify the bias between observers. RESULTS: The lateral femoral condyle index (LFCI) showed better intra- and inter-observer reliability on MRI and 3D-CT than on CR and sagittal CT images. The mean difference in the LFCI between observers was lowest on 3D-CT (0.047), higher on MRI (0.053), and highest on sagittal CT images (0.062). The LFCI was associated with the lateral femoral condyle ratio (ρ = 0.422, P = 0.022), lateral condyle index (r = 0.413, P = 0.037), and lateral femoral condyle distance (r = 0.459, P = 0.014). The LFCI could be reliably measured by MRI and 3D-CT. CONCLUSION: The LFCI could be reliably measured by MRI and 3D-CT. The LFCI was associated with both the height and length of LFC and could serve as a comprehensive parameter for quantifying the morphology of LFC in patients with LPD.

First-principles study of hydrogen sulfide decomposition on Sc-Ti3C2O2 single-atom catalyst.

CONTEXT: Hydrogen sulfide gas poses significant risks to both human health and the environment, with the potential to induce respiratory and neurological effects, and a heightened fatality risk at elevated concentrations. This article investigates the catalytic decomposition of H2S on a Sc-Ti3C2O2 single-atom catalyst(SAC) using the density functional theory-based first-principles calculation approach. Initially, the adsorption behavior of H2S on Ti3C2O2-MXene was examined, revealing weak physical adsorption between them. Subsequently, the transition metal atom Sc was introduced to the Ti3C2O2 surface, and its stability was studied, demonstrating high stability. Further exploration of H2S adsorption on Sc-Ti3C2O2 revealed direct dissociation of H2S gas molecules into HS* and H*, with HS* binding to Sc and H* binding to O on the Ti3C2O2 surface, resulting in OH groups. Using the transition state search method, the dissociation of H2S molecules on the SAC's surface was investigated, revealing a potential barrier of 2.45 eV for HS* dissociation. This indicates that the H2S molecule can be dissociated into H2 and S with the action of the Sc-Ti3C2O2 SAC. Moreover, the S atom left on the catalyst surface can aggregate to produce elemental S8, desorbing on the catalyst surface, completing the catalytic cycle. Consequently, the Sc-Ti3C2O2 SAC is poised to be an efficient catalyst for the catalytic decomposition of H2S. METHODS: The Dmol3 module in Materials Studio software based on density functional theory is used in this study. The generalized gradient approximation method GGA-PBE is used for the exchange-correlation function. The complete LST/QST and the NEB methods in the Dmol3 module were used to study the minimum energy path of the dissociation of hydrogen sulfide molecules on the catalyst surface.

2D MoB MBene: An Efficient Co-Catalyst for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production under Visible Light.

Highly active and low-cost co-catalysts have a positive effect on the enhancement of solar H2 production. Here, we employ two-dimensional (2D) MBene as a noble-metal-free co-catalyst to boost semiconductor for photocatalytic H2 production. MoB MBene is a 2D nanoboride, which is directly made from MoAlB by a facile hydrothermal etching and manual scraping off process. The as-synthesized MoB MBene with purity >95 wt % is treated by ultrasonic cell pulverization to obtain ultrathin 2D MoB MBene nanosheets (∼0.61 nm) and integrated with CdS via an electrostatic interaction strategy. The CdS/MoB composites exhibit an ultrahigh photocatalytic H2 production activity of 16,892 µmol g-1 h-1 under visible light, surpassing that of pure CdS by an exciting factor of ≈1135%. Theoretical calculations and various measurements account for the high performance in terms of Gibbs free energy, work functions, and photoelectrochemical properties. This work discovers the huge potential of these promising 2D MBene family materials as high-efficiency and low-cost co-catalysts for photocatalytic H2 production.

Antimony mobility in soil near historical waste rock at the world's largest Sb mine, Central China.

Soil near waste rock often contains high concentrations of antimony (Sb), but the mechanisms that mobilize Sb in a soil closely impacted by the waste rock piles are not well understood. We investigated these mobility mechanisms in soils near historical waste rock at the world's largest Sb mine. The sequential extraction (BCR) of soil reveal that over 95 % Sb is present in the residual fraction. The leached Sb concentration is related to the surface protonation and deprotonation of soil minerals. SEM-EDS shows Sb in the soil is associated with Fe and Ca. Moreover, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) results show Sb is predominantly present as Sb(V) and is associated with Fe in the form of tripuhyite (FeSbO4) as well as edge- and corner-sharing complexes on ferrihydrite and goethite. Thus, Fe in soils is important in controlling the mobility of Sb via surface complexation and co-precipitation of Sb by Fe oxides. The initially surface-adsorbed Sb(V) or co-precipitation is likely to undergo a phase transformation as the Fe oxides age. In addition, Sb mobility may be controlled by small amounts of calcium antimonate. These results further the understanding of the effect of secondary minerals in soils on the fate of Sb from waste rock weathering and inform source treatment for Sb-contaminated soils.

Facile preparation of MoO3@Mo2CTxnanocomposite with high lithium storage performance byin situoxidation.

In this work, a new MoO3@Mo2CTxnanocomposite was prepared from two-dimensional (2D) Mo2CTxMXene byin situoxidization in air, which exhibited wonderful lithium-storage performance as anodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The precursor Mo2CTxwas synthesized from Mo2Ga2C by selective etching of NH4F at 180 °C for 24 h. Thereafter, the Mo2CTxwas oxidized in air at 450 °C for 30 min to obtain MoO3@Mo2CTxnanocomposite. In the composite,in situgenerated MoO3nanocrystals pillar the layer structure of Mo2CTxMXene, which increases the interlayer space of Mo2CTxfor Li storage and enhances the structure stability of the composite. Mo2CTx2D sheets provide a conductive substrate for MoO3nanocrystals to enhance the Li+accessibility. As anodes of LIBs, the final discharge specific capacity of the MoO3@Mo2CTxcomposite was 511.1 mAh g-1at a current density of 500 mA g-1after 100 cycles, which is about 36.7 times that of pure Mo2CTxMXene (13.9 mAh g-1) and 3.2 times that of pure MoO3(159.9 mAh g-1). In the composites, both Mo2CTxand MoO3provide high lithium storage capacity and can enhance the performance of each other. Moreover, this composite can be made by a facile method ofin situoxidation. Therefore, the MoO3@Mo2CTxMXene nanocomposite is a promising anode of LIB with high performance.

Effect of dietary koumine on the immune and antioxidant status of carp (Cyprinus carpio) after Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

Koumine (KM) has anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and growth-promoting effects in pigs and sheep. Based on the growth-promoting and immunological effects of koumine, the present study was conducted on Cyprinus carpio (C. carpio) with four KM concentrations: 0 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg for 10 weeks, followed by a 1-week Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) infection experiment. The effect of KM on the immunity of A. hydrophila infected carp was analyzed by histopathology, biochemical assay, and qRT-PCR to assess the feasibility of KM in aquaculture. The results showed that the presence of KM alleviated pathogen damage to carp tissues. At 2 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg concentrations of KM successively and significantly elevated (p < 0.05) the SOD activities in the intestinal tract, hepatopancreas and kidney of carp. The expression levels of hepatopancreatic antioxidant genes Nrf2 and IGF-1 were significantly up-regulated in the same group (p < 0.05), while the expression levels of immune genes IL-8 and IL-10 were down-regulated. In summary, KM at concentrations of 2 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg could regulate the expression of antioxidant and immune genes in various tissues in an orderly and rapid manner, and significantly improve the antioxidant and immune abilities of carp, which is conducive to the improvement of the resilience of carp.

Characterization, Expression, and Functional Analysis of the Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) Hepcidin.

Hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), is a well-conserved molecule present in various species such as fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, and mammals. It exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and holds a significant role in the innate immune system of host organisms. The northern snakehead (Channa argus) has become a valuable freshwater fish in China and Asia. In this investigation, the cDNA encoding the hepcidin gene of northern snakehead was cloned and named caHep. The amino acid sequences and protein structure of caHep are similar to those of hepcidins from other fish. The eukaryotic expression product of the caHep gene showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that the caHep peptide inhibited bacterial growth by damaging their cell membranes. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection induced significant expression of caHep, implying the involvement of caHep in the innate immune response of northern snakeheads. This investigation showed that the caHep peptide is potentially a robust antibacterial drug against bacterial diseases in aquaculture animals.

Flexible wearable intelligent sensing system for wheelchair sports monitoring.

The application of wearable intelligent systems toward human-computer interaction has received widespread attention. It is still desirable to conveniently promote health and monitor sports skills for disabled people. Here, a wireless intelligent sensing system (WISS) has been developed, which includes two ports of wearable flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (WF-TENG) sensing and an upper computer digital signal receiving intelligent processing. The WF-TENG sensing port is connected by the WF-TENG sensor and flexible printed circuit (FPC). Due to its flexibility, the WF-TENG sensing port can be freely adhered on the surface of human skin. The WISS can be applied to entertainment reaction training based on human-computer interaction, and to the technical judgment and analysis on wheelchair curling sport. This work provides new application opportunities for wearable devices in the fields of sports skills monitoring, sports assistive devices and health promotion for disabled people.

Lateral trochlear inclination measured by the transepicondylar axis holds potential for evaluating trochlear dysplasia in patients with lateral patellar dislocation.

PURPOSE: To verify that lateral trochlear inclination (LTI) measured by the transepicondylar axis can reliably be used to evaluate trochlear dysplasia (TD) on MRI and can serve as an objective indication of trochleoplasty for patients with lateral patellar dislocation (LPD). METHODS: Eighty patients with recurrent LPD and eighty healthy subjects were included. TD, posterior condylar angle (PCA), and LTI measured by the posterior condylar reference line (LTIp), surgical transepicondylar axis (LTIs), and anatomical transepicondylar axis (LTIa) were assessed on MRI. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis were performed, the correlations and differences amongst the parameters were identified, and a binary logistic regression model was established. RESULTS: Each measurement had excellent inter- and intra-observer agreement. The LTIp, LTIs and LTIa were smaller in the study group than in the control group, with mean differences of 9.0°, 7.2° and 7.0°, respectively (P < 0.001). The PCA was larger in patients with LPD than in the control group (P < 0.001). LTIp was associated with PCA in the study group (r = - 0.41, P < 0.001). The pathological values of LTIp, LTIs and LTIa were 11.7°, 15.3° and 17.4°, respectively. LTIs and LTIa were independent risk factors for LPD, with ORs of 7.33 (95% CI [1.06-52.90], P = 0.048) and 10.29 (95% CI [1.38-76.96], P = 0.023), respectively. CONCLUSION: The LTI can be reliably measured by MRI, but LTIp could potentially decrease the recorded value from the actual inclination angle. LTIs and LTIa are more appropriate to serve as trochleoplasty indications for patients with LPD, which could help orthopedists with surgical decision-making. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

Sources of antimony contamination and its migration into water systems of Xikuangshan, China: Evidence from hydrogeochemical and stable isotope (H, O, S, and Sr) signatures.

The Xikuangshan (XKS) mine was selected for a comprehensive Sb-related hydrogeochemical study because of its significant Sb contamination in water systems. Hydrochemical data, specifically multi-isotope (H, O, S, and Sr) data, were conducted to elucidate the primary sources and migration processes of Sb responsible for water system contamination. At the XKS Sb mine, water is near-neutral to alkaline and is characterized by high concentrations of SO42- and Sb. Sb occurs as Sb(OH)6- (the dominant species) in these oxidized waters. The hydrochemistry is mainly controlled by carbonate dissolution and silicate weathering. δ2HH2O and δ18OH2O values indicate that the infiltration recharge of mine water and mining activities regulate the migration of Sb in groundwater. δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 values indicate that dissolved SO42- and Sb primarily come from stibnite oxidation, bacterial SO42- reduction has either not occurred or is extremely weak, and the reductive dissolution of Fe (III) hydroxides does not significantly affect Sb migration in water. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios further indicate that the discharge of solid mine wastes leaching and smelting water is a crucial source of Sb contamination in groundwater. In addition, the relationship between δ34SSO4 and δ87Sr values suggests the complexity of the contamination source and migration of Sb in water. Finally, a robust conceptual hydrogeochemical model was developed using isotopic tools in combination with detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemistry characterization to describe the contamination source and migration of Sb in water systems at the XKS Sb mine.

In Situ Preparation of Three-Dimensional Porous Nickel Sulfide as a Battery-Type Supercapacitor.

A one-step sulfurization method to fabricate Ni3S2 nanowires (Ni3S2 NWs) directly on a Ni foam (NF) was developed as a simple, low-cost synthesis method for use as a supercapacitor (SC), aimed at optimizing energy storage. Ni3S2 NWs have high specific capacity and are considered a promising electrode material for SCs; however, their poor electrical conductivity and low chemical stability limit their applications. In this study, highly hierarchical three-dimensional porous Ni3S2 NWs were grown directly on NF by a hydrothermal method. The feasibility of the use of Ni3S2/NF as a binder-free electrode for achieving high-performance SCs was examined. Ni3S2/NF exhibited a high specific capacity (255.3 mAh g-1 at a current density of 3 A g-1), good rate capability (2.9 times higher than that of the NiO/NF electrode), and competitive cycling performance (capacity retention of specific capacity of 72.17% after 5000 cycles at current density of 20 A g-1). Owing to its simple synthesis process and excellent performance as an electrode material for SCs, the developed multipurpose Ni3S2 NWs electrode is expected to be a promising electrode for SC applications. Furthermore, the synthesis method of self-growing Ni3S2 NW electrodes on 3D NF via hydrothermal reactions could potentially be applied to the fabrication of SC electrodes using a variety of other transition metal compounds.

Antimony Isotope Fractionation Revealed from EXAFS during Adsorption on Fe (Oxyhydr)oxides.

A lack of knowledge about antimony (Sb) isotope fractionation mechanisms in key geochemical processes has limited its environmental applications as a tracer. Naturally widespread iron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxides play a key role in Sb migration due to strong adsorption, but the behavior and mechanisms of Sb isotopic fractionation on Fe (oxyhydr)oxides are still unclear. Here, we investigate the adsorption mechanisms of Sb on ferrihydrite (Fh), goethite (Goe), and hematite (Hem) using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and show that inner-sphere complexation of Sb species with Fe (oxyhydr)oxides occurs independent of pH and surface coverage. Lighter Sb isotopes are preferentially enriched on Fe (oxyhydr)oxides due to isotopic equilibrium fractionation, with neither surface coverage nor pH influencing the degree of fractionation (Δ123Sbaqueous-adsorbed). Limited Fe atoms are present in the second shell of Hem and Goe, resulting in weaker surface complexes and leading to greater Sb isotopic fractionation than with Fh (Δ123Sbaqueous-adsorbed of 0.49 ± 0.004, 1.12 ± 0.006, and 1.14 ± 0.05‰ for Fh, Hem, and Goe, respectively). These results improve the understanding of the mechanism of Sb adsorption by Fe (oxyhydr)oxides and further clarify the Sb isotope fractionation mechanism, providing an essential basis for future application of Sb isotopes in source and process tracing.

Effect of kelp powder on the resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila in the gut of hybrid snakeheads (Channa maculata ♀ × Channa argus ♂).

To assess the level of oxidative stress, expression of immune-related genes, histomorphology, and changes in the intestinal tract of hybrid snakeheads(Channa maculata ♀ × Channa argus ♂) under stress from kelp powder in place of flour against Aeromonas hydrophila. We set up experimental diets: a control (C) diet of 20% flour, an experimental (MR) diet of 10% kelp powder and 10% flour, and an experimental (FR) diet of 0% starch and 15% kelp powder. The experimental fish in each group were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila after 60 days of feeding. For this experiment, some of the experimental fish in group C were injected with PBS as a negative control group (PBS). The results showed that the C group had significantly higher SOD, CAT, and T-AOC activity and expression of TAK1, IKKß, IL-1ß, and TNF-α genes in the MyD88 pathway than the PBS group. CAT activity and the expression of TAK1, IL-1ß and TNF-α genes in the MyD88 pathway were significantly lower in the MR group than in the C group. Furthermore, the number of goblet cells in the MR group was significantly higher than in the C group. Furthermore, microorganisms such as Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were significantly lower in the C group than in the PBS and FR groups, as were beneficial bacteria such as Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Sphingomonas. Replacing flour with kelp powder increases hybrid snakehead gut resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila.

Lithium storage performance enhanced by lithiation-induced structural phase transitions of fluorinated MXenes.

Structural phase transitions in electrode materials of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) often occur along with Li-ion extraction/intercalation during charge and discharge processes. Lithiation-induced phase transition behaviors of two-dimensional fluorinated MXenes were investigated systematically by first-principles density functional calculations. The calculated results show that fluorine atoms in the nine MXenes studied moved from the FCC site (or HCP site for Ta2CF2) to the TOP site during Li adsorption. Further all the predicted phase transitions were confirmed by ab initio molecular dynamic simulations. The band structure, density of state, diffusion energy barrier, average voltage and storage capacity were calculated to evaluate the lithium storage properties of fluorinated MXenes, which revealed that V2CF2 and Ti2CF2 are the optimal candidates for LIB electrode materials. The structural phase transition led to improvements in the cycle stability, storage capacity, average voltage, and other lithium storage properties of the fluorinated MXenes.

Fast and Medium Tempo Resistance Training with a Low Number of Repetitions in Trained Men: Effects on Maximal Strength and Power Output.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of high load fast and medium tempo back squats using a low number of repetitions on maximal strength and power output. Seventeen participants completed a countermovement jump test and 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) assessment before and after an eight-week intervention. All participants were randomly divided into a fast tempo (FAS: 1/0/1/0) and a medium tempo (MED: 2/0/2/0) resistance training (RT) group and performed three repetitions per set of a Smith back squat exercise with 85% 1-RM intensity. Maximal strength, jump height, peak power and force of the two groups were significantly improved (p < 0.05). In addition, peak velocity significantly increased after the intervention in the FAS group (p < 0.05), but not in the MED group (p > 0.05). A significant interaction effect between training groups was observed for jump height (F (1, 30) = 5.49, p = 0.026, η2 = 0.155). However, no significant group by time interaction effects were found between training groups for maximal strength (F (1, 30) = 0.11, p = 0.742, η2 = 0.004). Therefore, the two groups showed similar effects in maximal strength, but, compared with the MED group, FAS resistance training with low repetitions caused favorable adaptations in power output in trained men.

A systematic computational investigation of lithiation-induced structural phase transitions of O-functionalized MXenes.

Along with Li-ion extraction/intercalation during charge and discharge processes, structural phase transitions often occur in the electrode materials of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). By determining atomic positions before and after Li adsorptions, structural phase transitions of two-dimensional MXenes were investigated systematically using first-principles density functional calculations. The lithiation-induced phase transitions of ten M2C MXenes with oxygen groups can be divided into three types. No phase transitions occur for Ti-type MXenes including Ti2CO2, Zr2CO2 and Hf2CO2. The oxygens in Ta-type MXenes (Sc2CO2, Y2CO2, Nb2CO2 and Ta2CO2) move from one type of octahedral void to another type of octahedral void. However, for Mo-type MXenes including V2CO2, Cr2CO2 and Mo2CO2, the oxygens move from octahedral voids to tetrahedral voids. The mechanisms whether phase transitions happen or not are dependent on the sizes of M ions. Furthermore, all the predicted phase transitions were confirmed by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The calculated results of electron localization functions and Bader charge illustrate that there exist strong Coulomb interactions (ionic bonds) between Li and MXene surfaces. The band structure, diffusion energy barrier, open circuit voltage and storage capacity were calculated to evaluate the lithium storage properties of different MXenes, which reveals that V2CO2 and Cr2CO2 should be optimal candidates as electrode materials for LIBs.

Effects of tidal action on the stability of microbiota, antibiotic resistance genes, and microplastics in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou, China.

In this study, the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technique was used to explore the microbial diversity and differences in the water environment of the Pearl River Estuary in Nansha District with various land use types such as the aquaculture area, industrial area, tourist area, agricultural plantation, and residential area. At the same time, the quantity, type, abundance, and distribution of two types of emerging environmental pollutants, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microplastics (MPs), are explored in the water samples from different functional areas. The results show that the dominant phyla in the five functional regions are Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and the dominant genera are Hydrogenophaga, Synechococcus, Limnohabitans and Polynucleobacter. A total of 248 ARG subtypes were detected in the five regions, belonging to nine classes of ARGs (Aminoglycoside, Beta_Lactamase, Chlor, MGEs, MLSB, Multidrug, Sul, Tet, Van). Blue and white were the dominant MP colors in the five regions; 0.5-2 mm was the dominant MP size, and cellulose, rayon, and polyester comprised the highest proportion of the plastic polymers. This study provides the basis for understanding the environmental microbial distribution in estuaries and the prevention of environmental health risks from ARGs and microplastics.

Comparative analysis of two new zebrafish models: The cyp1a low-expression line and cyp1a knockout line under PAHs exposure.

Cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) is an important enzyme family involved in the metabolism of pollutants, and used as a biomarker to monitor environmental pollution. In this study, a fluorescence-labeled cyp1a zebrafish line, named as KI (cyp1a+/+-T2A-mCherry) (KICM), was originally constructed to monitor dioxin-like compounds in the environment. However, the cyp1a gene expression in the KICM line was inhibited by the fluorescence labeling, thus leading to a significantly increased sensitivity of KICM zebrafish line to PAHs. Then, a cyp1a knockout zebrafish line, named KOC, were constructed for comparative analysis with the cyp1a low-expression line. Interestingly, knockout of the cyp1a gene did not increase the sensitivity of zebrafish to PAHs as significantly as the cyp1a low-expression line. So, the expression levels of related genes in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway were analyzed and the results showed that the expression level of cyp1b in KOC group was significantly higher than that of wild type and KICM under the same PAH exposure. This indicated that the effect of losing cyp1a was compensated by inducing expression of cyp1b. In conclusion, two new zebrafish models including cyp1a low-expression line and cyp1a knockout line were constructed in this study, which may provide a convenient model for subsequent studies on the toxicity mechanism of PAHs and the role of cyp1a in detoxification.

Femoral Anteversion Measured by the Surgical Transepicondylar Axis Is Correlated with the Tibial Tubercle-Roman Arch Distance in Patients with Lateral Patellar Dislocation.

Background and Objectives: Various predisposing factors for lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) have been identified, but the relation between femoral rotational deformity and the tibial tubercle-Roman arch (TT-RA) distance remains elusive. Materials and Methods: We conducted this study including 72 consecutive patients with unilateral LPD. Femoral anteversion was measured by the surgical transepicondylar axis (S-tAV), and the posterior condylar reference line (P-tAV), TT-RA distance, trochlear dysplasia, knee joint rotation, patellar height, and hip-knee-ankle angle were measured by CT images or by radiographs. The correlations among these parameters were analyzed, and the parameters were compared between patients with and without a pathological TT-RA distance. Binary regression analysis was performed, and receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained. Results: The TT-RA distance was correlated with S-tAV (r = 0.360, p = 0.002), but the correlation between P-tAV and the TT-RA distance was not significant. S-tAV had an AUC of 0.711 for predicting a pathological TT-RA, with a value of >18.6° indicating 54.8% sensitivity and 82.9% specificity. S-tAV revealed an OR of 1.13 (95% CI [1.04, 1.22], p = 0.003) with regard to the pathological TT-RA distance by an adjusted regression model. Conclusions: S-tAV was significantly correlated with the TT-RA distance, with a correlation coefficient of 0.360, and was identified as an independent risk factor for a pathological TT-RA distance. However, the TT-RA distance was found to be independent of P-tAV.