Prior to ABOi liver transplant with PD-1 inhibitor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation (LT) is a unique and effective method for treating end-stage liver diseases and acute liver failure, bringing hope to many patients with liver cancer. LT is currently widely used in the treatment of liver diseases. However, there have been no patients with liver cancer who have undergone ABO-incompatible (ABOi) LT after treatment with the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A patient with liver cancer who received sintilimab injection, an anti-PD1 therapy, before LT was admitted in the transplantation centre. This patient underwent ABOi LT. The perioperative treatment strategy of this patient was reported. A desensitisation protocol was conducted urgently for the patient before operation, and the immunosuppression programme of LT was adjusted. After operation, isoagglutinin titer and liver function indicators were strictly monitored. The patient recovered well after operation, and no sign of rejection reaction was observed. CONCLUSION: We reported a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received PD-1 inhibitor treatment before operation and successfully underwent ABOi LT. The present case report provides novel insights into the perioperative management of utilizing PD-1 inhibitors prior to ABOi LT in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Identification of ASF1B as a prognostic marker for liver cancer by meta-analysis and its immune value revealed by a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of 33 human cancers.

Introduction: As one of the most common malignant tumours, liver cancer is difficult to detect in the early stage, with strong metastasis and poor prognosis. Anti-silencing function protein 1 was originally discovered in yeast as a histone H3-H4 chaperone, and studies have shown that ASF1B may be a target for inhibiting the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ASF1B expression in human LIHC on the basis of TCGA data. Material and methods: A meta-analysis revealed that high ASF1B expression was strongly associated with better overall survival. A comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of 33 human cancers revealed the immunotherapeutic value of ASF1B. Results: In this study, we observed a significant upregulation of ASF1B expression in LIHC samples compared to non-cancer samples. Clinical analysis showed that high expression of ASF1B was associated with age, tumour status, and clinical stage. Survival analysis showed that patients with high ASF1B expression had worse overall survival and progression-free survival than patients with low ASF1B expression. The AUCs of the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival-related ROC curves were 0.672, 0.590, and 0.591, respectively. Conclusions: Our study shows that ASF1B may provide new ideas for the diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer patients, as well as providing a new direction for the application of ASF1B in tumour immunotherapy.

Construction of a model for predicting the prognosis of liver cancer patients based on CuProtosis-related LncRNA / Construcción de un modelo para predecir el pronóstico de pacientes con cáncer de hígado basado en LncRNA relacionado con CuProtosis

Introduction: Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and patients with liver cancer are often in the middle and late stages of cancer when they are diagnosed. Copper death is a newly discovered new cell death method. It is a copperdependent and regulated cell death method. At the same time, Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) also play an important regulatory role in the pathological process of tumors such as liver cancer. Materials and methods: First, the expression levels of CuProtosis-related genes in liver cancer samples were extracted, and a CuProtosis- related LncRNA prognostic model was constructed. C-index curve and ROC curve were drawn by survival analysis, PFS analysis, and independent prognosis analysis. The model was also validated by clinical grouping and PCA principal component analysis. To ensure its accuracy, enrichment analysis, immune analysis and tumor mutational burden analysis further explored the potential function of this model, and finally discussed potential drugs targeting this model. Results: A prognostic model for predicting survival was constructed and its high predictive ability in liver cancer patients was validated. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed that the differential genes were mainly enriched in 5 pathways. Meanwhile, six differentially expressed immune functions were found in the high-risk and low-risk groups. The survival rate of patients in the high mutation group was significantly lower than that of the patients with liver cancer in the low mutation group. Twelve drugs with significant differences in drug sensitivity between high- and low-risk groups were explored. Conclusions: ... (AU)

Introducción: El cáncer de hígado es uno de los tumores malignos más comunes en el mundo, y los pacientes con cáncer de hígado a menudo se encuentran en las etapas intermedia y tardía del cáncer cuando se les diagnostica. La muerte por cobre es un nuevo método de muerte celular recientemente descubierto. Es un método de muerte celular regulado y dependiente del cobre. Al mismo tiempo, los ARN no codificantes largos (LncRNA) también juegan un papel regulador importante en el proceso patológico de tumores como el cáncer de hígado. Materiales y métodos: En primer lugar, se extrajeron los niveles de expresión de genes relacionados con CuProtosis en muestras de cáncer de hígado y se construyó un modelo pronóstico de LncRNA relacionado con CuProtosis. La curva de índice C y la curva ROC se dibujaron mediante análisis de supervivencia, análisis de PFS y análisis de pronóstico independiente. El modelo también fue validado por agrupación clínica y análisis de componentes principales PCA. Para garantizar su precisión, el análisis de enriquecimiento, el análisis inmunitario y el análisis de la carga mutacional del tumor exploraron más a fondo la función potencial de este modelo y, finalmente, discutieron los posibles fármacos dirigidos a este modelo. Resultados: Se construyó un modelo pronóstico para predecir la supervivencia y se validó su alta capacidad predictiva en pacientes con cáncer de hígado. El enriquecimiento de Gene Ontology (GO) y el enriquecimiento de Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) mostraron que los genes diferenciales se enriquecieron principalmente en 5 vías. Mientras tanto, se encontraron seis funciones inmunes expresadas diferencialmente en los grupos de alto y bajo riesgo. La tasa de supervivencia de los pacientes en el grupo de alta mutación fue significativamente menor que la de los pacientes con cáncer de hígado en el grupo de baja mutación. ... (AU)

Identification of Biomarkers Related to Immune Cell Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Gene Co-Expression Network.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. Due to the lack of effective biomarkers and its complex immune microenvironment, the effects of current HCC therapies are not ideal. In this study, we used the GSE57957 microarray data from Gene Expression Omnibus database to construct a co-expression network. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis and CIBERSORT algorithm, which quantifies cellular composition of immune cells, were used to identify modules related to immune cells. Four hub genes (EFTUD2, GAPDH, NOP56, PA2G4) were identified by co-expression network and protein-protein interactions network analysis. We examined these genes in TCGA database, and found that the four hub genes were highly expressed in tumor tissues in multiple HCC groups, and the expression levels were significantly correlated with patient survival time, pathological stage and tumor progression. On the other hand, methylation analysis showed that the up-regulation of EFTUD2, GAPDH, NOP56 might be due to the hypomethylation status of their promoters. Next, we investigated the correlations between the expression levels of four hub genes and tumor immune infiltration using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Gene set variation analysis suggested that the four hub genes were associated with numerous pathways that affect tumor progression or immune microenvironment. Overall, our results showed that the four hub genes were closely related to tumor prognosis, and may serve as targets for treatment and diagnosis of HCC. In addition, the associations between these genes and immune infiltration enhanced our understanding of tumor immune environment and provided new directions for the development of drugs and the monitoring of tumor immune status.

Master regulator genes and their impact on major diseases.

Master regulator genes (MRGs) have become a hot topic in recent decades. They not only affect the development of tissue and organ systems but also play a role in other signal pathways by regulating additional MRGs. Because a MRG can regulate the concurrent expression of several genes, its mutation often leads to major diseases. Moreover, the occurrence of many tumors and cardiovascular and nervous system diseases are closely related to MRG changes. With the development in omics technology, an increasing amount of investigations will be directed toward MRGs because their regulation involves all aspects of an organism's development. This review focuses on the definition and classification of MRGs as well as their influence on disease regulation.