Diminished representational momentum for physical states in patients with depressive disorder.

The representational momentum for physical state changes refers to the fact that we remember objects as more changed in physical state than they actually were. It has been well documented that depressive disorder is associated with impairment of time perception. Thus, the present work was conducted with the aim to investigate the representational momentum for physical state changes in patients with depressive disorder, firstly. Forty patients with depressive disorder and forty-two healthy controls were administrated with the task of representational momentum for physical state changes and task of time perception. The stimulus comprises 10 videos showing object state changes (e.g., ice melting). During playing, the video would stop and immediately be obscured by mosaics at a specific point. Participants select from three detection images (the exact frame of the video just be masked, the frame after that, and the frame before that) to test representational momentum and estimate the duration of the video in seconds to test time perception. The depressive group showed diminished representational momentum (i.e., lower scores on the task of representational momentum) than normal controls (U = 215.00, Z = -5.83, p < 0.001). In addition, the scores on the task of representational momentum were significantly positively related with the scores on the task of time perception among depressive group (r = 0.446, p = 0.004). The findings indicate that patients with depressive disorder may exhibit diminished representational momentum for physical states, which may be correlated with their impairment of time perception.

The role of proteasomes in tumorigenesis.

Protein homeostasis is the basis of normal life activities, and the proteasome family plays an extremely important function in this process. The proteasome 20S is a concentric circle structure with two α rings and two ß rings overlapped. The proteasome 20S can perform both ATP-dependent and non-ATP-dependent ubiquitination proteasome degradation by binding to various subunits (such as 19S, 11S, and 200 PA), which is performed by its active subunit ß1, ß2, and ß5. The proteasome can degrade misfolded, excess proteins to maintain homeostasis. At the same time, it can be utilized by tumors to degrade over-proliferate and unwanted proteins to support their growth. Proteasomes can affect the development of tumors from several aspects including tumor signaling pathways such as NF-κB and p53, cell cycle, immune regulation, and drug resistance. Proteasome-encoding genes have been found to be overexpressed in a variety of tumors, providing a potential novel target for cancer therapy. In addition, proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib have been put into clinical application as the first-line treatment of multiple myeloma. More and more studies have shown that it also has different therapeutic effects in other tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, and neuroblastoma. However, proteasome inhibitors are not much effective due to their tolerance and singleness in other tumors. Therefore, further studies on their mechanisms of action and drug interactions are needed to investigate their therapeutic potential.

Increased EEG gamma power under exposure to drug-related cues: a translational index for cue-elicited craving in METH-dependent individuals.

BACKGROUND: This study explored the feasibility of using EEG gamma-band (30-49 Hz) power as an index of cue-elicited craving in METH-dependent individuals. METHODS: Twenty-nine participants dependent on methamphetamine (METH) and 30 healthy participants were instructed to experience a METH-related virtual reality (VR) social environment. RESULTS: Individuals with METH dependence showed significantly stronger self-reported craving and higher gamma power in a VR environment than healthy individuals. In the METH group, the VR environment elicited a significant increase in gamma power compared with the resting state. The METH group then received a VR counterconditioning procedure (VRCP), which was deemed useful in suppressing cue-induced reactivity. After VRCP, participants showed significantly lower self-reported craving scores and gamma power when exposed to drug-related cues than the first time. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the EEG gamma-band power may be a marker of cue-induced reactivity in patients with METH dependence.

Performance Evaluation of Complex Equipment Considering Resume Information.

It is of great significance to obtain the performance state of complex equipment to protect equipment and maintain its normal operation. The majority of the performance evaluation methods are based on test data, but resume information is not considered. With its wide applicability and completeness, the resume information can be used in the comprehensive evaluation of equipment in various non-testing situations. By incorporating resume information into the performance evaluation of complex equipment, the flexible use of test data and resume information can result in a more comprehensive and accurate evaluation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the evaluation method of complex equipment performance based on evidential reasoning (ER) considering resume information. In order to unify the test data and resume information in the same framework, a novel method is proposed to transform them into the ER-based performance evaluation. On this basis, according to the index types, different reliability calculation methods are put forward, with one being based on the first-order fitting coefficient of variation, and the other being based on average time to failure; the index weight is analyzed based on the method of expert weight construction. Then, the transformed information with reliability and weight are fused by the ER rule. Finally, a performance evaluation case of a certain inertial measurement unit (IMU) is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The relationship between physical exercise and mobile phone addiction among Chinese college students: Testing mediation and moderation effects.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, suspensions of activities and long periods of self-isolation led to a sharp increase in excessive use of mobile phones, which sparked public concern about mobile phone addiction (MPA). In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to physical exercise as a protective effect of MPA. However, more studies are needed to reveal this relationship and the exact mechanisms, based on which this study tested the mediating and moderating roles of self-control, rumination, psychological distress, and loneliness between physical exercise and MPA. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, primary data was collected by questionnaire from 1,843 college students (19.75 ± 1.3) from five universities in Sichuan Province in Mainland China. Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS), Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Self-Control Scale (SCS), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-20) were investigated. The mediating models were examined using SPSS PROCESS macro 3.3 software, in which the mediation variables were self-control, rumination, and psychological distress, and the moderation was loneliness. Gender, major, and grade were included as control variables. Result: Self-control, rumination, and psychological distress played a simple mediating role between physical exercise and MPA. Moreover, not only self-control and rumination but also self-control and psychological distress played the chain mediating roles between physical exercise and MPA. The chain pathways were moderated by loneliness. Specifically, the effect was more substantial among college students with higher loneliness. Conclusion: The conclusions corroborate and clarify that self-control, rumination, and psychological distress mediated the association between physical exercise and MPA, and the mediation effects were moderated via loneliness. This present study advanced our understanding of how and when college students' physical exercise was related to MPA. It also illustrates that educators and parents should pay more attention to college students' physical exercise.

Disruption of ZNF334 promotes triple-negative breast carcinoma malignancy through the SFRP1/ Wnt/ß-catenin signaling axis.

Zinc-finger proteins (ZNFs) constitute the largest transcription factor family in the human genome. The family functions in many important biological processes involved in tumorigenesis. In our research, we identified ZNF334 as a novel tumor suppressor of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). ZNF334 expression was usually reduced in breast cancerv (BrCa) tissues and TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 (MB231) and YCCB1. We observed that promoter hypermethylation of ZNF334 was common in BrCa cell lines and tissues, which was likely responsible for its reduced expression. Ectopic expression of ZNF334 in TNBC cell lines MB231 and YCCB1 could suppress their growth and metastatic capacity both in vitro and in vivo, and as well induce cell cycle arrest at S phase and cell apoptosis. Moreover, re-expression of ZNF334 in TNBC cell lines could rescue Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process and restrain stemness, due to up-regulation of SFRP1, which is an antagonist of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling. In conclusion, we verified that ZNF334 had a suppressive function of TNBC cell lines by targeting the SFRP1/Wnt/ß-catenin signaling axis, which might have the potentials to become a new biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of TNBC patients.

Engineering unsymmetrically coordinated Cu-S1N3 single atom sites with enhanced oxygen reduction activity.

Atomic interface regulation is thought to be an efficient method to adjust the performance of single atom catalysts. Herein, a practical strategy was reported to rationally design single copper atoms coordinated with both sulfur and nitrogen atoms in metal-organic framework derived hierarchically porous carbon (S-Cu-ISA/SNC). The atomic interface configuration of the copper site in S-Cu-ISA/SNC is detected to be an unsymmetrically arranged Cu-S1N3 moiety. The catalyst exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity with a half-wave potential of 0.918 V vs. RHE. Additionally, through in situ X-ray absorption fine structure tests, we discover that the low-valent Cuprous-S1N3 moiety acts as an active center during the oxygen reduction process. Our discovery provides a universal scheme for the controllable synthesis and performance regulation of single metal atom catalysts toward energy applications.