[Chemical constituents from Alangium chinense subsp. pauciflorum].

Chemical constituents of 70% ethanol extract of Alangium chinense subsp. pauciflorum were investigated. The 70% ethanol extract of A. chinense subsp. pauciflorum was isolated and purified by D-101 macroporous resins, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and other methods. As a result, nineteen compounds were isolated and identified as 4-cyclohexene-1α,2α,3α-triol-1-O-ß-D-glucoside(1), 1ß,4α,6α,13-tetrahydroxy-eudesm-11(12)-ene(2), sucrose(3), 1'-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1″→6')-ß-D-glucopyranoside(4), bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate(5),(Z)-10-heneicosenoic acid(6), di-O-methylcrenati(7), methyl-α-D-fructofuranoside(8), ß-daucosterol(9), syringic acid(10), vanillicacid(11), octacosanol(12), isoarborinol(13), 2,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxylate(14),vanillin(15), coniferyl aldehyde(16), 9(11)-dehydroergosterolperoxide(17), 5α,8α-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3ß-ol(18), ß-sitosterol(19), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds, compounds 5-11, 13, 15-18 were isolated from Alangium for the first time.The anti-inflammatory activity of compourd 1 was determinded by the LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation model. The results showed that the new compound 1 has a certain inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production of RAW264.7 cells, and the inhibitory rate was 54.57%.

Wound repair using discarded skin tissue from the rolled edge of pressure injury: a feasibility study of five cases.

INTRODUCTION: New techniques are needed to manage chronic wounds in patients with contraindications to standard of care treatment. OBJECTIVE: This case series investigated the viability and proliferative activity of split skin cells harvested from the discarded rolled edge of PIs for use in promoting reepithelialization in chronic wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The harvested skin was minced into particles with a scalpel. The structure of the skin particle was shown with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The viability of cells, isolated from skin particles, was identified with MTT. Skin particles were transferred to PIs. The size of PI was recorded before grafting and 1 month after grafting. RESULTS: From January 2018 to January 2019, 5 patients (1 female, 4 males; mean age, 72.6 years ± 6.1) were enrolled in this study. The mean ulcer size was 27.8 cm2 ± 17.7. The cells from particles could survive and be amplified in vitro. One month after grafting, the average ulcer size was 16.2 cm2 ± 7.3. CONCLUSION: The split skin particles harvested from the rolled edge of the wound consisted of keratinocytes and keratinized tissues and were found to be viable and proliferative. These particles had the capacity to survive and expand on the granulation tissue surface of PIs, which indicates this procedure could accelerate reepithelization in chronic wounds.

Two new compounds from rhizomes of Musa basjoo.

Two new benzo[de]isoquinoline derivatives, 4-phenyl-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione (1) and 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione (2), were isolated from 70% ethanol extract of the rhizomes of Musa basjoo. Their chemical structures were elucidated by HRESIMS, 1 D and 2 D spectra.

Influence of risk factors on stomal recurrence after total laryngectomy for laryngeal carcinomas: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Total laryngectomy is preserved for those the most advanced larynx cancer and nonsurgical cases. However, stomal recurrence is frequently occurred and leads to high mortality. Herein, we aimed to determine the risk factors for the stomal recurrence after total laryngectomy (SRAL). METHODS: Databases such as PubMed and EMBASE were comprehensively searched using the keywords "stomal recurrence" and "total laryngectomy." Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, qualified studies would be incorporated in this meta-analysis, followed by quality evaluation and data extraction. Risk ratios (RRs) were used. RESULTS: A total of six studies were included in the meta-analysis, and the pooled RRs showed that subglottic location increased the incidence of stomal recurrence most among the four primary locations. Expectedly, advanced tumor stage before the laryngectomy was the risk factor for stomal recurrence, while lymph node metastases showed no difference in this meta-analysis. Further, preoperative tracheostomy increased two times more risk in the stomal recurrence compared with nonpreoperative surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we proved that subglottic location, advanced tumor stage, especially T4 stage, and preoperative tracheostomy were risk factors for SRAL for larynx cancer. However, many other potential risk factors, such as surgical margins, could not be determined for inadequate records. Hence, more prospective trials should be designed to determine the risk factors for SRAL for larynx cancer.

Renin-angiotensin system blockade for the risk of cancer and death.

INTRODUCTION: The effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) on cancer remain inconsistent. METHODS: We searched existing databases from 1960 to August 2015, for randomised controlled trials and observational studies (case-control studies and cohort studies) of ARB/ACEI therapy with a minimal one year of follow-up. Outcomes were incidence and mortality of cancer. RESULTS: We included 14 randomised controlled trials and 17 observational studies of 3,957,725 participants (350,329 ARB/ACEI users). The users had a lower incidence of cancer in the observational studies (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.93) but not in the randomised controlled trials (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92-1.08). The protection persisted for lung cancer (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.97) but not for other sites of cancer. The relative risk of cancer associated with renin-angiotensin system blockade was reduced along with time of follow-up. Mortality reduction with ARB/ACEI was marginally significant in the observational studies (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.93) but not in the randomised controlled trials (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.89-1.09). CONCLUSIONS: The significant benefits of renin-angiotensin system blockade observed in case-control studies and cohort studies might diminish in randomised controlled trials. Clinical design, site of cancer and duration of follow-up may affect the clinical outcomes.

[Expression analysis of miR164 and its target gene NAC1 in response to low nitrate availability in Betula luminifera].

Nitrogen, an essential macronutrient for the growth and development of plants, affects above- ground biomass accumulation dramatically. Thus, it is very important to reveal the molecular mechanisms of how plants resist or adapt to low nitrogen availability. The NAC1(NAM, ATAF, CUC 1) gene, located in the upstream regulatory network, has been reported to resist low nitrogen by regulating expression of key downstream genes and thus root growth in (Populus tremula × alba).In this study, we detected the responses of miR164 and its target gene NAC1 under nitrate-starvation condition using the Betula luminifera somaclones G49-3 as material. The NAC1 gene which contains 1497 bp sequence, encodes 358 amino acids and contains a highly conserved NAM domain at N terminal was cloned by the RACE method. The NAC1 was then validated to be the target gene of miR164 via 5'-RACE, and the cleavage site was between the 10(th) and 11(th) base. The expression patterns of miR164 and its target gene NAC1 were further detected under nitrate-starvation condition through qRT-PCR analysis. The results showed that miR164 expression was repressed by nitrate-starvation at the beginning of the treatment (4 d) and then ascended. However, the expression pattern of miR164 in roots was different from that in shoots and leaves. Moreover, the expression levels of target gene NAC1 and miR164 were negatively correlated. The expression level of miR164 in root was increased while that of NAC1 was decreased under Re treatment, which indicated that miR164 and its target gene NAC1 play a regulatory role in response to low nitrate availability. The findings of our study may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which miR164 regulates target gene NAC1 at post-transcriptional level, and provide valuable information for further study of the regulatory roles of miR164-NAC1 under nitrate-starvation condition.

DNA microarray reveals ZNF195 and SBF1 are potential biomarkers for gemcitabine sensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.

Gemcitabine is a potential chemotherapy drug for treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), however, the poor or partial response of HNSCC patients to gemcitabine demonstrated the urgent need for gemcitabine biomarkers to improve the therapy. In present work, 10 HNSCC cell lines were employed to figure out the biomarkers for gemcitabine sensitivity. The sensitivities of these 10 cell lines to gemcitabine and the basal expression of these cell lines was investigated, the correlation between gemcitabine response (IC50 dose) and gene expression was investigated by Pearson correlation and FDR estimation. The top seven positive genes responsible for gemcitabine sensitivity were validated by qPCR in these 10 HNSCC cell lines, while only two genes (SBF1 and ZNF195) were expression-correlated to gemcitabine response. Furthermore, ZNF195 expression was closely associated with gemcitabine sensitivity in the subsequent independent validation in cell lines from various types of cancer. Our work might provide potential biomarkers for gemcitabine sensitivity in HNSCC and various type of cancer.

[Surgical management and reconstruction of petrous internal carotid artery involved in malignant tumors of lateral skull base].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of reconstruction of internal carotid artery after ablation of malignant tumors in lateral skull base. METHODS: Four male patients with malignant tumors in lateral skull base involved internal carotid artery underwent surgical treatment during Jan 2006 to Jan 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. MRI, CT and DSA were performed in all patients and showed that petrous internal carotid arteries (PICAs) were invaded, with luminal narrow. After radical dissection of tumors and the invaded PICAs, saphenous veins were used to reconstruct the PICAs. All cases were applied with postoperative concomitant radiochemotherapy. Three cases underwent total resection of temporal bone and one case underwent sub-total resection of temporal bone. Retrusion of facial nerve was performed in one case and reconstruction of facial nerve in three cases; Resection of sigmoid sinus and jugular foramen was performed in three cases. Resection and repair of meninges were performed in three cases. Free abdominal rectus and latissimus dorsi muscle myocutaneous flaps were used to repair the defect of lateral skull base and the flaps were well survived. RESULTS: No significant neurovascular complications occurred in the patients. Postoperative DSA showed that the reconstructed PICAs were in well conditions. Follow up showed two patients survived tumor-free for five years, one patient had recurrence three years after operation and survived with tumor, and one patient died of recurrence one year after operation. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of PICA by saphenous vein offered the possibility of radical resection of malignant tumors in lateral skull base involved PICAs.

[Combination of genioglossus advancement by non-trephine technic with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and reliability of genioglossus advancement and hyoid suspension with non-trephine technic (GAHM) and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for surgical obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome treatment. METHODS: Twenty-six patients (4 female and 22 male) were classified as moderate and severe cases in terms of apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and Friedman classification in the present study. All cases patients underwent genioglossus advancement and hyoid suspension with non-trephine technic Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty UPPP. Pre- and postoperative polysomnography and Epworth sleepiness scale were performed to assess the therapeutic outcomes. RESULTS: The whole operation time ranged from 120-180 minutes. The average amount of bleeding in genioglossus advancement was about 50-100 ml. There were no severe complications during and after the operation. All the cases were followed up to one year. After surgery, AHI was decreased in both group cases, (42.9 +/- 6.6 vs 16.2 +/- 5.7) in the severe group, and 21.3 +/- 4.4 vs 11.3 +/- 5.2 (x(-) +/- s) in the moderate group. With success defined as AHI decreased by more than 50 per cent after surgery, the total success rate in moderate and severe group was 83.3% and 91.7%, respectively (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the success rate of the moderate group was higher than those of the severe group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: GAHM combined with UPPP may be beneficial for the moderate and severe OSAHS patients with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal obstruction.

[Investigation and analysis on Wenchuan area earthquake trauma to ear, nose and throat].

OBJECTIVE: The epidemic data of Wenchuan area earthquake trauma of ear, nose and throat were investigated. METHODS: Affected families and sufferers of part of disaster area in Sichuan province in 2008 were investigated with emphasis on severity, cause and treatment of otorhinolaryngologic trauma. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-seven cases of otorhinolaryngologic trauma in survival crowd 3 days after earthquake were included in this study. Most of them were minor trauma or complex lesion. There were 185 cases of soft tissue wound in head and face, 13 cases of fracture of the nose, 18 cases of hemorrhage of the nose, 7 cases of fracture of the skull base, 4 cases of lacerated wound of the auricle. Diagnosis and management were carried out by medical aid post and field ambulance on different condition. The methods of treatment included debridement and suture of soft tissue wound and positioning of fracture. If there was serious injury and accompanied complex lesion, the patients should be sent to hospital after emergent treatment. Forty-six cases were treated in medical aid post, except 3 cases of complex lesion by transportation, 43 cases recovered in 5 to 10 days after treatment. One hundred and eighty-one cases were treated in field ambulance, except 3 cases with fracture of skull base by transportation. Among 31 hospitalized patients, 26 recovered and were discharged before 26th of may, 5 were still in ward because of complex lesion. Among 147 cases treated out of wards with soft tissue wound, 146 cases recovered and bone fracture in rehabilitation. 1 case of lacerated wound of auricle was infected with delayed healing. There were no complication in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: For earthquake trauma of the ear, nose and throat, emergent management are debridement, suture and positioning of fracture. For seriously injured patient, transportation to hospital in time can decrease complications and death rate.

[Display of different injuries of recurrent laryngeal nerve in laryngeal electromyography].

OBJECTIVE: To study the display of different types injuries of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in laryngeal electromyography (LEMG). METHODS: LEMGs of one hundred and forty-seven patients (147 sides) with traumatic unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) were studied. After LEMGs, the RLNs exploration operations were performed. The condition of RLNs injury and laryngeal muscles was observed and recorded during the operation. RESULTS: The severe injuries of RLNs were found during operation. The types of injuries were listed as ligation (58 cases), adhesion (28 cases) and cut (61 cases). The waveform morphology of LEMG was recorded less in the patients with the RLNs cut than that in the patients with the RLN ligation or adhesion, respectively. 75.4% RLNs cut showed spontaneous waveform while 96.4% RLNs adhesion and 94.8% RLNs ligation. When the RLN was cut off, single pattern was showed oftener. When the RLN was adhered or ligated, mixed pattern was showed oftener. 92.9% RLN adhesion showed misdirect-regeneration-potentials while 70.7% RLN ligation and 24.6% RLN cut. There were significant difference between two types, but the compound muscular active potential (CMAP) amplitude wasn't significantly different. Evoked amplitude could be recorded in 91.4% patients with ligation and its amplitude was (23.6 +/- 8.1)%, in 85.7% patients with adhesion and its amplitude (16.3 +/- 5.2)%, in 29.5% patients with cut and its amplitude (2.6 +/- 4.2)%. CONCLUSIONS: The display of different injuries of RLN in LEMG presents significant difference. If RLN was cut off, the CMAP might be recorded in most cases. The clinical injury of RLN often is followed by sub-clinic reinnervation.