Human exposure to aerosol from indoor gas stove cooking and the resulting cardiovascular system responses.

The effect of cooking aerosol on the human heart was investigated in this study. The heart rate and blood pressure of 33 healthy adults were monitored before, exactly after, and two hours post-exposure (30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes after cooking). One hundred twenty grams of ground beef was fried in sunflower oil for twenty minutes using a gas stove without ventilation. Ultrafine particles, indoor temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, oil, and meat temperatures were monitored during the experiment. The average particle emission rate (S) and average decay rate (a+k) for meat frying were found to be 2.09×1013 (SD=3.94 ×1013, R2=0.98, P <0.0001) particles/min, and 0.055 (SD=0.019, R2=0.91, P <0.0001) particles/min, respectively. No statistically significant changes in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were observed. The average systolic blood pressure (SBP) statistically significantly increased from 98 mmHg (before the exposure) to 106 mmHg 60 minutes after the exposure. The results suggested that frying emission statistically significantly impacted blood pressure.

The Effect of Coronavirus Outbreak on the Utilization of Coronary Revascularization Procedures: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic represented a great challenge for health systems, which had to quickly readapt and dedicate most of their resources to managing this crisis. The postponement of programmed interventions such as coronary revascularization procedures represented a critical issue in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the hardest-hit countries such as Spain. However, the precise consequences of the delay of coronary revascularizations are not clearly determined. In the present work, interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was used to evaluate the utilization rates and assessment of the risk profiles of patients receiving two main coronary revascularization procedures (percutaneous coronary intervention-PCI and coronary artery bypass graft-CABG) and compared them in the periods before and after March 2020 using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database (SNHDD). Our results show that the abrupt reorganization of hospital care that represented the first wave of COVID-19 in March 2020 in Spain led to a reduction in cases, which was accompanied by an increase in the risk profile of CABG patients, but not PCI. On the other hand, the risk profile of both coronary revascularization procedures began before the pandemic, showing a significant temporal trend toward an increase in the risk profile. Future works should be directed to study and validate our results, evaluating other databases, regions, or countries.

Association of CYP24A1 Gene rs6127099 (A > T) Polymorphism with Lower Risk to COVID-19 Infection in Kazakhstan.

In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 was identified in Wuhan, China. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, anosmia, and myalgia in many cases. There are discussions about the association of vitamin D levels with COVID-19 severity. However, views are conflicting. The aim of the study was to examine associations of vitamin D metabolism pathway gene polymorphisms with symptomless COVID-19 susceptibility in Kazakhstan. The case-control study examined the association between asymptomatic COVID-19 and vitamin D metabolism pathway gene polymorphisms in 185 participants, who previously reported not having COVID-19, were PCR negative at the moment of data collection, and were not vaccinated. A dominant mutation in rs6127099 (CYP24A1) was found to be protective of asymptomatic COVID-19. Additionally, the G allele of rs731236 TaqI (VDR), dominant mutation in rs10877012 (CYP27B1), recessive rs1544410 BsmI (VDR), and rs7041 (GC) are worth consideration since they were statistically significant in bivariate analysis, although their independent effect was not found in the adjusted multivariate logistic regression model.

Date of birth and hay fever risk in children and adolescents of Kazakhstan.

UNLABELLED: Introduction the first months of life are the most vulnerable period in allergic disease development and it is not clear enough whether inhalant pollen allergen exposure predisposes the risk of consequent allergic reactions. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and epidemiological criteria of hay fever with special emphasis on investigation of the relationship between the date of birth and seasonal allergic rhinitis development in children and adolescents in Kazakhstan. METHODS: The prospective hospital based study was conducted during pollen season from the beginning of May to the end of October in two consequent years 2010 and 2011. 184 children and adolescents at the age of 1--17 years underwent consultations and skin prick tests in the allergological center "Umit" (Astana, Kazakhstan). Special allergological questionnaires were developed and adapted for local residents. The assessment of symptoms severity was performed using a scoring system. Skin prick tests were performed in 112 patients. The number of patients was explained by the age limitations. Correlation analysis between skin prick test results and the month of birth were performed. RESULTS: It was found that in summer months there were the highest number of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis 68 (36.9%), followed by spring 44 (23.9%), then autumn 37 (20.1%) and the lowest percent of patients 35 (19.1%) was born in winter. Rhinoconjunctival syndrome was diagnosed in 180 (97.8%) patients, pollen induced bronchial asthma in 76 (41.3%) and pollen induced urticaria in 35 (19.0%) patients. Mono sensitization among Kazakhstan children and adolescents was determined only to several species of the plants, mainly to Artemisia Absinthium (68.2%) and Sunflower (25.7%), whereas multiple sensitization to the mix of weeds was determined in 75 (66.9%) patients, to the mix of meadow grass in 33 (29.4%), mix of meadow grass+mix of weeds in 25 (22.3%) and mix of trees in 9 (7.1%) patients. The mean of symptoms severity of total scoring (24) was 15.5. The mean of IgE level in blood tests was 323.2IU/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Our results proved that first months of life are the crucial period and inhalant pollen allergen exposure, particularly to the weeds pollen, predisposes the risk of consequent allergic reactions development in children and adolescents in Kazakhstan. This fact may predetermine the risk of consequent allergic reactions development and the awareness of patients about it helps to prevent following severe clinical manifestations.

The peculiarities of different types of chronic rhinitis in children and adolescents in Kazakhstan.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to study the peculiarities of differential diagnosis, prevention and treatment of different forms of rhinitis in Kazakhstan children and adolescents. METHODS: 124 children and adolescents aged 1-17 years were randomly enrolled in our hospital based study in 2010 and 2011. Skin prick tests and total serum IgE level were assessed in all allergic patients. Subcutaneous specific immunotherapy was performed in 57 (70.3%) allergic patients. For the treatment of the developed rhinitis, we used intranasal glucocorticosteroids in all 47 (37.9%) patients with rhinitis medicamentosa. RESULTS: Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed in 81 (65.3%), infectious rhinitis in 43 (34.7%) and rhinitis medicamentosa in 47 (37.9%) cases. High mono sensitization was mainly to Artemisia Absinthium 55 (67.9%) and Sunflower 20 (24.7%) species, whereas multiple sensitization was caused by the mix of weeds in 55 (67.9%) and the mix of meadow grass in 31 (38.3%). The mean IgE level was 323.2±264.9SD. Only 5 (17.2%) patients with specific immunotherapy developed rhinitis medicamentosa. 35 (74.5%) patients treated by nasal glucocorticosteroids stopped taking the decongestants. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of rhinitis medicamentosa depends on duration of decongestants use. Specific immunotherapy is recommended for the prevention of rhinitis medicamentosa in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis, whereas intranasal glucocorticosteroids are the most appropriate for the treatment regardless initial cause of rhinitis development.