[Bickerstaff's encephalitis]. / Éntsefalit Bikerstaffa.

A clinical case of Bickerstaff encephalitis, an autoimmune neuropathy, which affects central and peripheral nerve systems, is presented. This article describes problems of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Results of MRI, PET, electrophysiological and immunological studies are presented.

[DISTRIBUTION OF BACTERIA OF THE KLEBSIELLA STRAIN IN WATER OBJECTS AND THEIR VALUE IN DEVELOPING OF THE WATER CAUSED ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS].

The wide circulation of Klebsiella bacteria in water ofwater objects of different climatic zones of Russia and various function is established. So bacteria of the Klebsiella strain are in superficial sources of the centralized water supply depending on extent of their biological and chemical pollution; underground waters at the unprotected water-bearing horizons; in drinking water at insufficiently effective system of its cleaning and disinfecting. Klebsiella circulating in water was shown to keep properties of pathogenicity and a virulence, possess resistance both to modern preparations and disinfecting agents (chlorine, an ultraviolet to radiation). Bacteria of the Klebsiella strain have high penetration in the water-bearing horizons. At strains of Klebsiella there is allocated considerable pathogenic potential (adhesive, invasive, phosphatase, lecithinase, DNA-ase, hemolytic activity) and genetic markers of pathogenicity of cnf-1. The etiologic role of bacteria of Klebsiella and an infecting (100, COE/dm3) dose emergence of acute intestinal infections (AII) is established. Detection of Klebsiella in water objects and especially in water of drinking appointment, in the absence of total coliform bacteria (TCB) contributes to the epidemic danger of water use.

[Application of the new culture medium for the isolation of Salmonella from water bodies to assess the epidemic safety of water use. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian)].

There was developed a liquid storage medium for the isolation of bacteria of genus Salmonella from water bodies (The culture medium for the accumulation of Salmonella, ready to use, "RNS"), providing the accumulation of Salmonella from different serogroups, inhibiting the growth of accompanying microflora, allowing to obtain objective information about the extent of bacterial contamination of water bodies. Medium is by nature of a solution for microbiological purposes which is produced by mixing the components with consequentfiltration and sterilization. In an experimental way there were chosen optimal ratios of the nutrient medium ingredients: extract offodder yeast in an amount of 4.55.0 g/l, sodium hydroxide - to 1.3-1.4 g/l, potassium phosphate - 8.6-8.8 g/l. The medium is a sterile, clear liquid, green in color, medium pH is 6.4 to 6.8, amine nitrogen - from 0.05 to 0.1%. Designed medium for accumulation is sensitivity, it ensures the growth of the test strains of salmonella at seeding of single cells in that favorably differs from similar media used in public health practice at the present time. The smallest time for the accumulation of biomass of Salmonella accounts of 6 hours, the optimal time is 24 hours. Incubation of crops is produced at 37 °C. Cultures of Salmonella at seeding in the developed medium retain their biological properties. Developed medium in terms of sensitivity is superior to magnesian and selenite media.

[Comparative assessment of sanitary and epidemic importance of indicator coliform indices of drinking water quality].

The used methodology of the scientific substantiation of indicators is in the establishment of the conformity of laws of vital activity of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in the real conditions of the action of the complex of factors, including disinfecting agents. In the one water sample simultaneously there were determined both the general indicator (GICB), thermotolerant (TTCB), glucose positive (GPCB) coliform bacteria, E.coli. On the base of long-term research in the various regions of the Russian Federation, as well with bearing in mind the analysis of domestic and foreign data, comparing the water quality and the incidence of intestinal infections in population it is recommended to use the index of determination of the total number glucose positive coliform bacteria (GPCB), which brings together a much broader range of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family in comparison with total coliform bacteria (TCB) and thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TTCB) and warrants the absence in the test volume of water as an indicator lactose positive (E.coli, TCB, TTCB) and pathogens (salmonella) and potentially pathogenic bacteria which do not ferment lactose. Proposed index of GPCB is shown to allow to assess epidemiological risks not only more accurate, but also more efficiently without increasing the cost performance of bacteriological research.

[study in the experimental conditions of pesticide action on microorganisms characterizing sanitary-epidemiological safety of reservoirs].

The paper presents experimental data on the pesticides action (molinate (OrdramA), Dinitroortocresolum and chlorophos) at concentrations of 0.01 mg /l to 10 mg/l on sanitary-indicative (TBC, total coliform bacteria, E. coli, E. faecalis), potentially pathogenic ( Ps. aeruginosa) and pathogenic (S. Derby) microflora of the river water. As the test cultures there were used isolated from the reservoir and museum strains of microorganisms. Due to the fact that the rate of decomposition ofpesticides in water increases in direct proportion to the extent of its biological contamination, the experiments were performed with the river water: native and sterilized by autoclaving. There were identified species and strain differences in the microbial response to the action of pesticides. The selectivity of OrdramA action at a concentration of 0.1 to 10 mg/l on Salmonella and of chlorophos at a concentration of 10 mg/l for Salmonella and E. coli is manifested in the stimulation of the reproduction of these bacteria. Dinitroortocresolum in concentrations of 10 mg/l and 1 mg/l gives rise in the reproduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and inhibits the growth of total coliform bacteria and E. coli, in a concentration of 0.1 mg/l the preparation stimulates the viability of all the studied microorganisms. When entering the body of water, pesticides were found to cause changes of biocenosis in the river water and disturb bacterial self-cleaning processes. In conditions of pesticide pollution total coliform bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis unable to maintain their indicative value and therefore the use of only them for the evaluation of the sanitary-epidemiological status of the water source appears to be insufficient. Due to the fact that the epidemic potential of water is directly dependent on quantitative content ofpathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms in it, the reproduction Salmonella and Pseudomonas bacteria is a negative moment from the sanitary and epidemiological point of view.

[STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE VIABILITY OF THE SALMONELLA BACTERIA IN WATER FOR THE DETECTION OF ITS EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL].

Salmonella from the tail water of the Don river was shown to be detected in 31.4% of samples with an average index of 23.5. Under experimental conditions, revealed long-term survival of Salmonella in the water exceeded in most of the experiments terms of preservation of E. coli and E. faecalis. The calculated high level of microbial risk of emergence of intestinal infections suggests the possibility ofwater route ofsalmonellosis.

[Scientific substantiation of perfection of sanitary bacteriological monitoring in drinking water use].

Criterion of the epidemic safety of drinking water is the absence of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Currently, water quality control is performed in terms of the index of total coliform bacteria (TCB). TCB index oriented to the labile lactose sign has not sufficient relevance in the determination of the degree of the epidemic danger in the water use in relation to Salmonella and potentially pathogenic microorganisms. The frequency of detection of GCB in standard quality of drinking water as well as the application of the methodology for the assessment of the microbial risk of the occurrence of bacterial intestinal infections with the use of integral index--GCB, provide the most reliable prediction of risk in the occurrence of water-caused intestinal infections and more objectively reflect the epidemiological importance of drinking water in their distribution among the population. Proceeding from the data obtained, it is advisable to carry out the quality control of drinking water with the use of the broader indicator index GCB- detected from basic signs of the Enterobacteriaceae family--glucose fermentation and oxidase test and oxidase test.

[The significance of glucose positive coliform bacteria and potentially pathogenic bacteria as an indicator of epidemiological safety of tap water].

Due to intensive anthropogenic pollution of water environment generally accepted indicators of epidemic security of water bodies--common bacteria (CB) and thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB) do not always permit to obtain an objective characterization of bacterial contamination of tap water. From the point of view of authors the integral index--glucose positive coliform bacteria most adequately reflect the sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological situation of water bodies. In monitoring for bacterial quality of tap water it is advisable to determine glucose positive coliform bacteria, that will provide the relevance of estimation of the epidemiological safety of water use. According to the method developed by the authors the calculation of the index of population risk of acute intestinal infections (AHI) occurrence in dependence on the quality of tap water in Azov and Tsimlyansk towns.

[The value of glucose-positive coliform bacteria and potentially pathogenic bacteria as indicators of epidemiological safety of tap water].

Due to intensive anthropogenic pollution of water environment generally accepted indicators of epidemic security of water bodies - common bacteria and thermotolerant coliform bacteria do not always permit to obtain an objective characterization of bacterial contamination of tap water. From the point of view of authors the integral index - glucose positive coliform bacteria most adequately reflect the sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological situation of water bodies. In monitoring for bacterial quality of tap water it is advisable to determine glucose positive coliform bacteria, that will provide the relevance of estimation of the epidemiological safety of water use. According to the method developed by the authors the calculation of the index of population risk of acute intestinal infections occurrence in dependence on the quality of tap water in Azov and Tsimlyansk towns.

[New methodological approaches to the detection and quantitative registration of Salmonella in the study of water objects].

The paper gives data on the use of techniques to detect and register Salmonella in the water objects, by applying a new liquid nutrient medium. Experimental and field studies have shown its advantage over the accumulation media widely used in practical healthcare. It has been ascertained that the nutrient medium not only accumulates biomass, but also provides the restoration of the biological properties of uncultivated Salmonella species. The use of the nutrient medium at practical laboratories makes it possible to unify guidelines for the examination of water objects with varying degrees of biological pollution and to obtain the comparable results of analyses.

[Monitoring of bacterial contamination of water reservoirs in the Rostov region].

The paper estimates the epidemic value of indicators for microbial contamination of waters from their main supply sources (waters from the Tsimlyansk Reservoir and the Nizhni Don River and drinking waters from the towns of Azov and Tsimlyansk) in the Rostov Region. The Tsimlyansk Reservoir water met the SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 requirements for the normalizable indices of total coliform bacteria (TCB) and thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TtCB) in 54% of the samples; glucose-positive coliform bacteria (GPCB) and Salmonella were isolated in 100 and 60%, respectively. The Azov drinking water that met the SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 requirements for TCB and TtCB) was found to contain GPCB, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5.7, 4.8, and 3% of the samples, respectively Direct detection of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms and the integral GPCB index are of the greatest prognostic value in assessing a microbial risk for waterborne enteric infections.

[Significance of indicator microorganisms in the assessment of a microbial risk in the occurrence of epidemic hazard in drinking water use].

Summary. The paper provides comparative characteristics of water quality in the assessment of a risk for intestinal infections in drinking water use. It has shown that of the greatest predictive value is direct detection of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the integral indicator determined by glucose fermentation, such as glucose-positive coliform bacteria. Estimation of the per cent of nonstandard samples of water before its entering the distribution network and in the latter, including glucose-positive Escherichia coli GPEC, is recommended. The samples containing GPEC in a quantity of more than 2 CFU/100 ml should be singly taken into account.

[Liquid accumulation medium for isolation of Salmonella from water bodies].

The paper presents the data of experimental and field studies into the efficiency of Salmonella isolation from differently bacterial-contaminated water, by employing 3 storage media. It shows the benefits of using the test medium versus the storage (magnesium and selenite) media commonly applied by practical laboratories. The content of Salmonella in the biotopes of varying biological contamination is shown.

[Base for use a new liquid accumulation growth medium for the isolation of Salmonella from water objects].

Base for use of new luquid mild inhibitory accumulation medium for the isolation of Salmonella from water objects has been proposed. High sensitivity and efficacy of the new medium compared with routinely used magnesium and selenitic media were shown in experimental conditions. During examination of water from surface reservoirs the new accumulation medium allowed to isolate Salmonella with higher index and various serologic patterns.

[Problems of epidemic safety of drinking water use by the population of Russia].

Quantitative relationships were studied between the indicators (common coliform bacteria (CCP), glucose-positive bacteria (GPB), thermoduric bacteria (TDB), coliform bacteria, enterococci, clostridia, coliphages) and the opportunistic (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, Klebsiella) and pathogenetic (Salmonella and intestinal viruses) microorganisms at the stages of effluent purification and decontamination, in processes of self-purification in the water reservoirs and of water preparation at water-supplying stations, as well as in the association with the incidence of acute intestinal infections of bacterial and viral genesis in different climatic zones of the country. Salmonella and the opportunistic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be highly resistant to detoxifying agents and environmental factors, adaptable, able to reproduce in pure water, to long survive in underground waters, and to accumulate when water is desalinated at the erections. The cases of intestinal infections were found in the population using the portable water of the standard quality in terms of E. coli, TDB, CCB, and enterococci. In this case only the wider integral index of GPB, which includes the indices of E. coli, TDB, CCB, as well as lactose-negative pathogenic and opportunistic species retains its sanitary significance in terms of all signs and is a reliable indicator of the potential epidemic hazard of drinking water use. Long-term studies have provided evidence for the sanitary value of coliphages as indicators of viral drinking water contamination.

[Effects of water use conditions on cancer morbidity]. / Vliianie uslovii vodopol'zovaniia na onkozabolevaemost' naseleniia.

The study demonstrated that the cancer situation is tense in the Tsimlyansk area and it can be referred to a high malignant tumor morbidity and mortality zone. The sources of water supply of populated localities may be involved in the formation of malignant tumor morbidity rates.

[Barrier role of water-purifying construction of water pipe in relation to opportunistic microorganisms]. / Bar'ernaia rol' vodoochistnykh sooruzhenii vodoprovoda v otnoshenii uslovno-patogennykh mikroorganizmov.

The investigations have indicated that in the flood period when the water-purifying means of a water pipe bears the maximum load, the existing water-preparing system cannot fully purify and disinfect drinking water from some opportunistic microbes (Klebsiella, Acinetobacter). The latter were recorded in the pipe water having the MAC of coliform organisms established by the GOST.

[Effect of sanitary and hygienic conditions of populated placed on the incidence of intestinal diseases]. / Vliianie sanitarno-gigienicheskikh uslovii naselennykh mest na uroven zabolevaemosti kishechnymi infektsiiami.

Data on the relationship between the incidence of intestinal infections, including hepatitis A, and communal conditions of settlements and quality of drinking water are presented.