RESUMEN
Background: Studies indicate a trajectory relationship between baseline blood pressure (BP) and outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) eligible for both intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with alteplase and endovascular treatment (EVT). We determined whether baseline BP modified the effect of IVT in successfully revascularized AIS patients who participated in the Direct Intra-Arterial Thrombectomy to Revascularize AIS Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Efficiently in Chinese Tertiary Hospitals (DIECT-MT) trial. Methods: The association of baseline systolic BP, trichotomized as high (141-185 mmHg), middle (121-140 mmHg), and low (91-120 mmHg), and the outcomes of any intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), symptomatic ICH (sICH), and mortality and functional outcome on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days were explored. Logistic regression models determined the interaction between clinical outcomes and baseline systolic and diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP), at 10 mmHg intervals. Data are reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI. Results: A post-hoc analysis of DIRECT-MT, in 510 of the 656 randomized participants with successful revascularization underwent MT. The overall adjusted common OR of IVT and baseline BP on any ICH, sICH, and 90-day mortality and functional outcome were 0.884 (95%CI 0.613-1.274), 0.643 (95%CI 0.283-1.458), 0.842 (95%CI 0.566-1.252), and 1.286 (95%CI 0.772-2.142), respectively. No significant interaction between baseline blood pressure and intravenous thrombolysis with clinical outcome was observed. Conclusions: In patients with baseline SBP under 185 mmHg, baseline blood pressure does not alter the risk of hemorrhagic transformation and clinicaloutcome in successfully revascularized patients, regardless of intravenous alteplase usage. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings. Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03469206.
RESUMEN
At the end of 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 induces an ongoing outbreak of pneumonia in China1, even more spread than SARS-CoV infection2. The entry of SARS-CoV into host cells mainly depends on the cell receptor (ACE2) recognition and spike protein cleavage-induced cell membrane fusion3,4. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 also binds to ACE2 with a similar affinity, whereas its spike protein cleavage remains unclear5,6. Here we show that an insertion sequence in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 enhances the cleavage efficiency, and besides pulmonary alveoli, intestinal and esophagus epithelium were also the target tissues of SARS-CoV-2. Compared with SARS-CoV, we found a SPRR insertion in the S1/S2 protease cleavage sites of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein increasing the cleavage efficiency by the protein sequence aligment and furin score calculation. Additionally, the insertion sequence facilitates the formation of an extended loop which was more suitable for protease recognition by the homology modeling and molicular docking. Furthermore, the single-cell transcriptomes identified that ACE2 and TMPRSSs are highly coexpressed in AT2 cells of lung, along with esophageal upper epithelial cells and absorptive enterocytes. Our results provide the bioinformatics evidence for the increased spike protein cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 and indicate its potential target cells.
RESUMEN
Since December 2019, a newly identified coronavirus (2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCov) is causing outbreak of pneumonia in one of largest cities, Wuhan, in Hubei province of China and has draw significant public health attention. The same as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), 2019-nCov enters into host cells via cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). In order to dissect the ACE2-expressing cell composition and proportion and explore a potential route of the 2019-nCov infection in digestive system infection, 4 datasets with single-cell transcriptomes of lung, esophagus, gastric, ileum and colon were analyzed. The data showed that ACE2 was not only highly expressed in the lung AT2 cells, esophagus upper and stratified epithelial cells but also in absorptive enterocytes from ileum and colon. These results indicated along with respiratory systems, digestive system is a potential routes for 2019-nCov infection. In conclusion, this study has provided the bioinformatics evidence of the potential route for infection of 2019-nCov in digestive system along with respiratory tract and may have significant impact for our healthy policy setting regards to prevention of 2019-nCoV infection.
RESUMEN
Regulation of blood lipid and anti-atherosclerosis is a hot topic in the study of poly unsaturated fatty acids in recent years. Many research showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids can inhibit atherosclerosis by reducing lipid, anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative, inhibiting thrombosis and protecting vascular endothelial cells. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, due to their medicinal and edible homologues,have great potential drugs for regulating blood lipids and anti-atherosclerosis.
RESUMEN
Objective To analyze the effects of quality supervision and continuous improvement system on optimizing in-hospital diagnosis and treatment process in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods From September 2013 to May 2016,424 consecutive patients with AIS treated with intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular therapy in Changhai Hospital,the Second Military Medical University were enrolled retrospectively.They were analyzed according to the annual running process (the first year[from September 2013 to August 2014],the second year[from September 2014 to August 2015],and the third year[from September 2015 to May 2016]).The spend time and delay (DTN>60 min,DTP>90 min) rate of each treatment process in the first,second,and third year (time from door-to-imaging[DTI],door-to-needle[DTN],imaging-to-needle (ITN),door-to-groin puncture (DTP) and imaging-to-groin puncture (ITP) were compared.Taking the time periods (>median) of having significant differences of the spend time of the treatment processes as the dependent variables in the first,second,and third year,the influence of the years and treatment modalities on delay was observed.The difference of constituent ratio of the reasons for delay in intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy (objective reasons/other reasons) in different years were analyzed.Results (1) DTIs were 23.0 (11.0,42.0) min,22.0 (10.1,39.0) min,and 13.0 (6.0,27.0) min,respectively,and DTNs were 50.0 (30.0,77.1) min,45.0 (30.0,70.2) min,and 36.0 (24.0,57.0) min,respectively in the first,second,and third year.The spending time was shortened year by year.There were significant differences among the different years (all P0.05).(2) The DTN delay rates were 33.3% (40/120),20.7% (29/140),and 8.1% (9/111),respectively in the first,second,and third year.There were significant differences among the 3 years (x2=22.111,P0.05).(4) During the three years,the delay of intravenous thrombolysis was mainly due to objective reasons.The constituent ratio of other reasons caused delay of intravenous thrombolysis was decreased year by year.There was no other reasons for delay in the third year).There was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of the delay reasons in endovascular treatment (x2=3.622,P=0.164).Conclusion Under the existing process and resource allocation,setting the DTN target time and implementing continuous quality improvement are conducive to the effective implementation of brain CT scan and continuous optimization of intravenous thrombolysis in the processes in AIS patients with the first diagnosis.
RESUMEN
Objective To establish the carotid fusiform aneurysm model in rabbits carrying similar characteristics of human intracranial aneurysms by using induction method with porcine pancreatic elastase. Methods Twenty-five New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group (n=5), saline control group (n = 5) and study group (n = 15). The rabbits of the study group were randomly and equally subdivided into 7-day subgroup, 14-day subgroup and 21-day subgroup. By using induction method with porcine pancreatic elastase to digest right common carotid the fusiform aneurysm model was established in all the rabbits of the study group. DSA examination , HE staining and elastic fiber staining pathologic examination were carried out at 7, 14 and 21 days after the procedure to observe the imaging and pathologic changes of the fusiform aneurysm models. Results DSA angiography showed that the mean vascular diameters of the normal control group and the saline control group were (1.64 ± 0.17) mm and (1.66 ± 0.24) mm respectively. The mean length and width of the fusiform aneurysm of the 7-day subgroup, 14-day subgroup and 21-day subgroup were (19.33 ± 1.65) mm and (2.86 ± 0.21) mm, (19.66 ± 1.18) mm and (3.95 ± 0.54) mm, and (19.84 ± 0.82) mm and (4.03 ± 0.95) mm, respectively. Pathologically, rupture of internal elastic membrane, disordered structure of tunica media smooth muscle and distortion of cell shape were observed in the rabbits of 7-day subgroup. Gradually stabilized aneurysmal lumen intimal hyperplasia was seen in the rabbits of 14-day subgroup. Remarkable structure changes at the aneurysmal neck-cavity junction were found in the rabbits of 21-day subgroup. Elastic fiber staining demonstrated that strikingly thinned elastic layer was observed in the rabbits of 7-day subgroup, gradually thinning elastic layer at the aneurysmal neck-cavity junction was seen in the rabbits of 14-day subgroup, and the thinned elastic layer became stable in the rabbits of 21-day subgroup. Conclusion Using simple surgical method combined with porcine pancreatic elastase to digest vascular wall, carotid fusiform aneurysm models can be reliably established in New Zealand white rabbits which carry similar morphologic and pathologic characteristics of human intracranial aneurysms.
RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of inducing rabbit common carotid fusiform aneurysms via the common carotid extravascular digestion method. Methods Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into either an experiment group ( n=12 ) or a control group (n=4). Porcine pancreatic elastase 80-400 U were used to incubate and digest 2 to 4 cm segment of artery distal to the origin of right common carotid artery. One week after modeling,intravenous angiography was performed and the length and width of fusiform dilatation of common carotid artery were measured. The fusiform dilated artery was examined with hematoxylin and eosin staining and the vascular morphological changes were observed with scanning electron microscope. Isotonic saline solution was used to incubate common carotid arteries of the 4 New Zealand white rabbits in the control group. After one week,the same method was used to observe the lumen of common carotid artery and intimal changes. Results After the digestion of common carotid artery adventitia,the angiography of 12 New Zealand white rabbits of the experimental group revealed fusiform dilatation of common carotid artery of the 10 model rabbits. The widest diameter of the fusiform artery was 3. 70 ± 0. 32 mm;two rabbits had common carotid artery occlusion. Compared with the control group,the right common carotid artery diameter enlarged significantly in the experimental group (1. 80 ± 0. 16 mm,P<0. 01). The HE staining showed that the lumen widened, adventitia and media reduced. Scanning electron microscope showed intimal inflammatory injury and thrombus attachment. Conclusion Using porcine pancreatic elastase to digest the adventitia of common carotid artery can make fusiform dilatation of common carotid artery in rabbits. Using this method may effectively induce a model of fusiform aneurysm,and it has certain feasibility.
