Evaluating macroinvertebrate metrics for ecological assessment of large saline rivers (Argentina).

Benthic macroinvertebrates have been used around the world as indicators of the biological quality of freshwater habitats. Because of the intensive deterioration of waterbodies as a result of different land uses, indicators are used for environmental monitoring, control and remediation. The aim of this study was to assess (1) the sensitivity of taxonomical metrics and (2) functional traits to select the most appropriate for evaluating environmental impacts on rivers with high salinity and (3) to propose a multimetric index based on the selected metrics. Information from a preexisting database on twenty-eight sites in the Salado River basin (Argentina) was used. One hundred and twenty-three metrics were calculated to assess sensitivity to different land uses along the gradient of habitat condition, from low-disturbed (reference), to medium-disturbed (agricultural and industrial) and high-disturbed (agricultural, industrial and urban). This gradient was defined by available information in original articles and by quantifying the percentage of the different land uses. Filtering collectors (%), Gathering collectors (%), Ostracoda density, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri/Total density, Naididae (%), Tubifex/Total density and Pristina/Total density were the metrics that distinguished the different land uses along the gradient of habitat condition. These metrics were used to propose a macroinvertebrate multimetric index in saline rivers: Index of Benthic Invertebrates in Saline Rivers (IBIS). Thus, this study provides a useful tool for management and monitoring of saline rivers and diagnoses of salinized environments.

Redescription of two species of Coelotanypus (Kieffer) 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae) in rivers of the Parano-Platense basin (Argentina, South America).

Male imagos of Coelotanypus delpontei (Edwards) are redescribed and newly figured and the immature stages are described and figured for the first time. During this study, male imagos of C. mendax (Lynch Arribalzaga) are also redescribed. The specimens were collected from the Paraná and near Uruguay rivers in the Parano-Platense basin.

Life cycle of Goeldichironomus holoprasinus goeldi (Diptera: Chironomidae) in laboratory.

The larvae of Chironomidae are very important due to their density and role in aquatic food webs. Goeldichironomus holoprasinus Goeldi is one of the most abundant species of Chironomidae in man-made and natural systems, being widely used in water quality assessments. Because of its tolerance to stressing environmental factors, many studies have investigated the effects of stressors on G. holoprasinus anatomy and bionomic attributes. The main aim of this work was to describe G. holoprasinus life cycle attributes in laboratory conditions. The cephalic capsule growth among instars was 1.64 in average (Dyar proportion), whereas the total size growth was continuous. The average room temperature registered was 26 degrees C (18-33 degrees C). In this conditions the D value (time from oviposition to first imago emergence) was 13 days, whereas the minimum G value (interval from the oviposition to the first progeny of the next generation) was 16 days. The emergence lasted four days, which determined that average G of 18 days. Thus, at registered temperatures G. holoprasinus has a short life cycle.

Life cycle of Goeldichironomus holoprasinus goeldi (Diptera: Chironomidae) in laboratory / Ciclo de vida de Goeldichironomus holoprasinus goeldi (Diptera: Chironomidae) en laboratorio

The larvae of Chironomidae are very important due to their density and role in aquatic food webs. Goeldichironomus holoprasinus Goeldi is one of the most abundant species of Chironomidae in man-made and natural systems, being widely used in water quality assessments. Because of its tolerance to stressing environmental factors, many studies have investigated the effects of stressors on G. holoprasinus anatomy and bionomic attributes. The main aim of this work was to describe G. holoprasinus life cycle attributes in laboratory conditions. The cephalic capsule growth among instars was 1.64 in average (Dyar proportion), whereas the total size growth was continuous. The average room temperature registered was 26ºC (18-33ºC). In this conditions the D value (time from oviposition to first imago emergence) was 13 days, whereas the minimum G value (interval from the oviposition to the first progeny of the next generation) was 16 days. The emergence lasted four days, which determined that average G of 18 days. Thus, at registered temperatures G. holoprasinus has a short life cycle.

Las larvas de Chironomidae son muy importantes en los ambientes acuáticos continentales por su abundancia y por su rol en las tramas tróficas. Goeldichironomus holoprasinus Goeldi es una de las especies más abundantes de Chironomidae en ambientes urbanos y naturales, siendo indicadora de calidad de ambientes. Por su tolerancia a factores ambientales estresantes muchos estudios se han realizado en relación con los efectos en su anatomía y atributos bionómicos. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue establecer las características del ciclo de vida de G. holoprasinus en condiciones de laboratorio. El crecimiento de las dimensiones cefálicas entre estadios tuvo una razón de 1,64 en promedio (proporción de Dyar), mientras que el crecimiento en longitud fue continuo. La temperatura promedio medida en el laboratorio de cría fue de 26ºC (18-33ºC). En estas condiciones el valor de D (tiempo de desarrollo desde la oviposición a la emergencia del primer imago) fue de 13 días y el valor de G mínimo (intervalo desde la oviposición a la primer progenie de la siguiente generación) fue de 16 días.

Biometry and life cycle of chironomus calligraphus goeldi 1905 (diptera, chironomidae) in laboratory conditions / Biometría y ciclo de vida de chironomus calligraphus goeldi, 1905 (diptera, chironomidae) en condiciones de laboratorio / Biometría e ciclo de vida de chironomus calligraphus goeldi, 1905 (diptera, chironomidae) em condições de laboratório

Chironomid larvae are important components of aquatic biota, due to their abundance and participation in food webs, and because they are considered environmental bioindicators. Many laboratory studies have analyzed the effects of pollutants on chironomids, especially on Chironomus calligraphus Goeldi, 1905. However, little is known about the life cycle attributes of Chironomidae (Diptera). The main pourpose of this study was to analyze C. calligraphus life cycle under laboratory conditions. The growth rate was almost constant between larval instars (r= 1.60 ±0.02), the immature development time (D) was 15 days and the minimum generation time (G) was 18 days. According to these results and field observations C. calligraphus has a temperature-dependent life cycle, with several overlapped short duration cohorts in spring-summer followed by one or two generations of longer duration in winter.

Las larvas de quironómidos son componentes importantes de la biota acuática por su participación en las tramas tróficas y por ser bioindicadores de condiciones ambientales. Muchos estudios de laboratorio han analizado los efectos de diferentes contaminantes sobre quironómidos, especialmente sobre Chironomus calligraphus Goeldi, 1905. Sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre los atributos de su ciclo de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el ciclo de vida de C. calligraphus en condiciones de laboratorio. La razón de crecimiento entre estadios larvales fue aproximadamente constante (r= 1,60 ±0,02), el tiempo de desarrollo (D) fue 15 días y el tiempo mínimo de generación (G) fue 18 días. De acuerdo a estos resultados y a observaciones realizadas en campo, C. calligraphus es una especie con ciclo de vida temperatura-dependiente con generaciones superpuestas de corta duración en primavera-verano y con una o dos generaciones de mayor duración en invierno.

As larvas de quironomídeos são componentes importantes da biota aquática por sua participação nas tramas tróficas e por serem bioindicadores de condições ambientais. Muitos estudos de laboratório têm analisado os efeitos de diferentes contaminantes sobre quironomídeos, especialmente sobre Chironomus calligraphus Goeldi, 1905. No entanto, pouco se conhece sobre os atributos de seu ciclo de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o ciclo de vida de C. calligraphus em condições de laboratório. A razão de crescimento entre estágios larvais foi aproximadamente constante (r= 1,60 ±0,02), o tempo de desenvolvimento (D) foi de 15 dias e o tempo mínimo de geração (G) foi de 18 dias. De acordo a estes resultados e a observações realizadas em campo, C. calligraphus é uma espécie com ciclo de vida temperatura-dependente com gerações superpostas de curta duração em primavera-verão e com uma ou duas gerações de maior duração no inverno.

Efectos de la contaminación por metales pesados sobre la comunidad bentónica de la cuenca del arroyo Cululú (río salado del norte Argentina) / Effects of heavy metals contamination on the benthic community in the arroyo Cululú basin (río salado del norte Argentina)

Se determinó la incidencia de los efluentes industriales con alto contenido de metales pesados en la calidad físico-química de los sedimentos de fondo de la cuenca del Arroyo Cululú, a través del análisis de la estructura de la comunidad macrozoobentónica. En tres muestreos estacionales se estudiaron seis ambientes de la cuenca del río Salado del Norte en su tramo inferior, en los que se realizaron análisis físicos y químicos de sedimentos de fondo, análisis de densidad y riqueza de organismos, diversidad de especies y afinidad entre comunidades. Pudieron establecerse relaciones entre la estructura y composición de la comunidad macrozoobentónica, las variables ambientales estudiadas y la concentración de metales pesados (Cr T, Cr VI, Cu, Cd y Pb) en sedimentos de fondo. La comunidad del ambiente no contaminado presentó mayor densidad y un ensamble de especies diferente al de los otros ambientes. Los metales pesados actuaron como factores perturbadores, determinando que la comunidad macrozoobentónica de sitios contaminados sea diferente a la del sitio de referencia