Pinobanksin from peony seed husk: A flavonoid with the potential to inhibit the proliferation of SH-SY5Y.

Pinobanksin, as one of the flavonoids, has powerful biological activities but has been under-recognized. In this study, we optimized the extraction method of phragmites from peony seed shells by using organic solvent extraction. The yield of PSMS was 10.54 ± 0.13% under the conditions of ethanol volume fraction 70%, extraction temperature 70°C, material-liquid ratio 1:25 g/mL, and extraction time 60 min; the optimized PSMS could be effectively separated in S-8 macroporous resin coupled with C18. The relative content of PSMS was increased from 0.42% in PSMS to 92.53% after C18 purification; the antioxidant activity test revealed that pinobanksin could exert antioxidant ability by binding catalase (CAT) enzyme. Second, it was found that pinobanksin could effectively inhibit the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells, mainly by binding to BCL2-associated X (BAX), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), and cyclin-dependent Kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) to produce more hydrogen bonds to inhibit their activities. This study confirms the medicinal potential of pinobanksin and provides the basis for the proper understanding of pinobanksin and the development of related products.

Trend of clinical trials of new drugs for rare diseases in China in recent 10 years.

BACKGROUND: Rare disease is a general term for a disease that affects a small number of people but recognized as a global public health priority. Governments worldwide are paying more and more attention to the academical research and drug investment of rare diseases. The conduct of rare disease clinical trials is still difficult, despite the promotion of government policies and the awakening of social consciousness. In this article, we outlined the characteristics and obstacles of clinical trials of rare diseases in China and expected to provide reference for subsequent clinical trials in this field. RESULTS: In recent years, China has made some progress in clinical trials of rare diseases in the past 10 years. There were 481 clinical trials on rare diseases in total, covering more than 10 rare diseases with high incidence. Clinical trial applications on rare diseases for a total of 481 were submitted and with an average annual growth rate of 28.2% from 2013 to 2022. The number of clinical trial application for rare diseases in 2016 dramatically increased by 80% compared to 2015 due to the policy document issued by China for clinical research in rare diseases in 2015. Besides, about 70% of applications registering for clinical trials could recruit subjects as expected. Despite this, the number of clinical trials of rare diseases in China was less compared with the United States, Europe and Japan, and the types of infant drugs were limited to biological products and chemical drugs lacking other new treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts have been made in recent years to develop clinical research on rare diseases in China. The number of clinical trials for rare diseases in China was growing steadily every year, which was inseparable from the support of the country, society and rare disease patients. Still, there was a large gap between China and other developed countries in this field and this merit further investigation.

The safety and tolerability of alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris leaves in healthy Chinese volunteers: a single-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial.

CONTEXT: Capsule of alkaloids from the leaf of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. (Apocynaceae) (CALAS) is a new investigational botanical drug (No. 2011L01436) for bronchitis, post-infectious cough and asthma. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical safety and tolerability of CALAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were assigned to eight cohorts, and each received randomly CALAS or placebo in one of single ascending dose (SAD) of 8, 40, 120, 240, 360, 480, or in one of multiple ascending dose (MAD) of 40 or 120 mg, three times daily for 7 days. Each cohort contained two placebo subjects. RESULTS: Sixty-two enrolled volunteers completed the study and no serious adverse events and clinically significant changes in vital signs, electrocardiography, and upper abdominal Doppler ultrasonography were observed. The ratios of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in 11/46 (23.91%) of CALAS groups and 3/16 (18.75%) of the placebo group (p > 0.05), respectively, based on the results of SAD and MAD. All TEAEs were mild, transient, and disappeared without any intervention. The TEAEs possibly related to CALAS treatment were as followings: hiccups (4/46: 8%), dry mouth and nausea (3/46: 6%), increased sleep (2/46: 4%), abdominal distension (1/46: 2%), bilirubin elevated (1/46: 2%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: CALAS is safe and well-tolerated with no unexpected or clinically relevant safety concerns up to a single dose of 360 mg and three times daily for 7 days up to 120 mg in healthy Chinese volunteers, supporting further Phase II studies.

Quantum yield and lifetime data analysis for the UV curable quantum dot nanocomposites.

The quantum yield (QY) and lifetime are the important parameters for the photoluminescent materials. The data here report the changes of the QY and lifetime for the quantum dot (QD) nanocomposite after the UV curing of the urethane acrylate prepolymer. The data were collected based on the water soluble CdTe QDs and urethane acrylate prepolymer. Colloidal QDs were in various concentration from 0.5×10(-3) molL(-1) to 10×10(-3) molL(-1), and 1% (wt%) 1173 was the photoinitiator. The QY before the curing was 56.3%, 57.8% and 58.6% for the QDs 510 nm, 540 nm and 620 nm, respectively. The QY after the curing was changed to 8.9%, 9.6% and 13.4% for the QDs 510 nm, 540 nm and 620 nm, respectively. Lifetime data showed that the lifetime was changed from 23.71 ns, 24.55 ns, 23.52 ns to 1.29 ns, 2.74 ns, 2.45 ns for the QDs 510 nm, 540 nm and 620 nm, respectively.

High Sensitivity Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac Protein Detections Using Fluorescein Diacetate Nanoparticles.

A highly sensitive transgenic protein analysis method was proposed here based on fluorescein diacetate (FDA). First, FDA was prepared by the ball mill to harvest the nano-sized organic particles. Further examines showed that the FDA size can be controlled by the speed of centrifugation which can obtain FDA in well-distributed size. Cy3 antibody immobilization tests showed that the proteins can attach onto the FDA particles while keep bioactivities. FDA and Cry1Ac antibody immunoassay tests showed that when the FDA particle was in 150 nm, the linear range was 0.01 ng/L-30 µg/mL. And it has the lower detection limitation of 0.01 ng/L, which is 100 times more sensitive than the ELISA methods. These results indicate that the FDA related immunoassays are the promising approach in the transgenic analysis.

Do the cations in clay and the polymer matrix affect quantum dot fluorescent properties?

This paper studied the effects of cations and polymer matrix on the fluorescent properties of quantum dots (QDs). The results indicated that temperature has a greater impact on fluorescence intensity than clay cations (mainly K(+) and Na(+) ). Combined fluorescence lifetime and steady-state spectrometer tests showed that QD lifetimes all decreased when the cation concentration was increased, but the quantum yields were steady at various cation concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.5 and 1 M. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and diepoxy resin were used to study the effects of polymers on QD lifetime and quantum yield. The results showed that the lifetime for QDs 550 nm in PEO and PVA was 17.33 and 17.12 ns, respectively; for the epoxy resin, the lifetime was 0.74 ns, a sharp decrease from 24.47 ns. The quantum yield for QDs 550 nm changed from 34.22% to 7.45% and 7.81% in PEO and PVA, respectively; for the epoxy resin the quantum yield was 2.25%. QDs 580 nm and 620 nm showed the same results as QDs 550 nm. This study provides useful information on the design, synthesis and application of QDs-polymer luminescent materials. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Quantum dots encoded Au coated polystyrene bead arranged micro-channel for multiplex arrays.

This paper describes a promising micro-channel multiplex immunoassay method based on the quantum dots encoded beads which requires micro-volume sample. Briefly, Au nanoparticles coated polystyrene (PS) beads were prepared and Quantum dots (QDs) were employed to encode 4 types of the PS beads by different emission wavelength QDs and various intensities. Different coding types of the beads were immobilized with different antibodies on the surface and BSA was used to block the unsatisfied sites. The antibody linked beads were then arranged in the 150 µm diameter optical capillary where the specific reactions took place before the detections. Results showed that the antibody on the Au coated surface maintains the bioactivity for the immunoreactions. Using this system, the fluorescent intensity was linear with analyte concentration in the range of 1×10(-7)-1×10(-5) mg/mL (RSD<5%, 4 repeats) and the lower detection limit reached 5×10(-8) mg/mL. It was proved to be a promising approach for the future miniaturization analytical devices.

[Predicting prostate cancers using a logistic regression model with transrectal ultrasound characteristics, age and serum PSA].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of transrectal ultrasound characteristics in combination with age and prostate specific antigen (PSA) for predicting prostate cancers. METHODS: 579 patients with prostate diseases were examined with color doppler, followed by biopsies of prostates. A logistic regression model was developed to determine the relationship between prostate cancers and transrectal ultrasound characteristics, age and PSA levels. RESULTS: The biopsy confirmed 194 (33. 5%) prostate cancer cases and 385 (66. 5%) noncancerous patients with prostate diseases. The prostate cancer patients showed hypoechoic nodule, uneven echo, abnormal blood flow, abnormal prostate shape, unclear boundary of internal and external glands, unclear dividing line of prostate and seminal vesicle glands, unclear dividing line of prostate and rectal, and lymph node metastasis. Our prediction model had a 83.59% accuracy, 64.95% sensitivity, 92.99% specificity, 82.35% positive predictive value, and 84.04% negative predictive value. CONCLUSION: Transrectal ultrasound characteristics in combination with patients age and serum PSA is a good predictor of prostate cancer.