[Influences of different irrigation amounts on carbon sequestration in wheat-maize rotation system]. / 不同灌溉量对小麦-玉米轮作农田生态系统净碳汇的影响.

Irrigation can influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and carbon footprint in agricultural production. In this study, annual GHG emissions (including CO2, CH4, and N2O) were monitored with static opaque chamber and gas chromatography from a wheat-maize rotation system under different irrigation treatments in the Guanzhong Plain of China during 2014-2015. A total of four different irrigation treatments were conducted, e.g. W0, W120, W180, and W240, where the subscripts represented the irrigation amounts in mm. Net global warming potential (NGWP) and carbon footprint were used to evaluate the influence of different irrigation amounts on GHG emission and composition of carbon footprint of crop production. Compared with treatment W0, wheat yield of treatments W120, W180, and W240 increased by 31.3%, 44.3% and 33.7%, while corn yield increased by 9.9%, 22.6%, and 33.8%, respectively. Similarly, annual CO2 emission increased by 22.2%, 24.3% and 15.1% and annual N2O emission by 18.6%, 67.8%, and 91.5%, respectively, while annual CH4 absorption decreased by 51.7%, 79.6% and 97.8%, respectively. The values of NGWP increased by 20.1%, 31.6%, and 31.4%, respectively. The carbon footprint of treatment W120 was 19.1% lower than that of W0, while W180 and W240 showed no significant difference. Treatments W120 and W240 increased carbon footprint per unit crop yield by 44.5% and 23.3%, respectively, while W180 showed no significant difference. Considering both the economic and environmental effects of different irrigation amounts, we recommend the irrigating amount of 180 mm for the wheat-maize rotation system in the Guanzhong Plain of China for the purposes of water saving and carbon sequestration.

[Effect of biochar addition on soil evaporation.] / 生物炭对土壤水分蒸发的影响.

In order to determine the rational amount of biochar application and its effect on soil hydrological processes in arid area, soil column experiments were conducted in the laboratory using three biochar additions (5%, 10% and 15%) and four different biochar types (d<0.25 mm bamboo charcoal, 0.25 mm

[The clinical study of recombinant human thrombopoietin in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced severe thrombocytopenia].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on chemotherapy-induced severe thrombocytopenia. METHODS: In this self-controlled multi-center clinical trial, 81 patients, 23 with solid tumor and 58 with leukemia with complete remission, with the platelet count < or = 20 x 10(9)/L after chemotherapy were given two cycles of the same chemotherapy. The first cycle was non- rhTPO-treated cycle as control, in the second cycle rhTPO of the dosage of 1.0 microg.kg(-1).d(-1) was administered subcutaneously 6-24 hours after the beginning of chemotherapy for at most 14 days. Laboratory tests including complete blood counts, urinalysis, serum chemistry, coagulant test, chest radiography, and electrocardiography were made. Serum samples were screened for anti-rhTPO antibodies. RESULTS: In rhTPO-treated cycle, the platelet count was higher [the mean minimal platelet count was 13 x 10(9)/L, significantly higher than that of the control cycle (12 x 10(9)/L, P = 0.002), the mean maximal platelet count was 186 x 10(9) cells/L, significantly higher than that of the control cycle (122 x 10(9)/L, P < 0.001)]. The duration of thrombocytopenia was shorter in the rhTPO-treated cycle than in the control cycle: days with platelet count <50 x 10(9)/L, days with platelet count recovered > or = 75 x 10(9)/L, and days with platelet count recovered > or = 100 x 10(9)/L were 11 days, 21 days, and 24 days respectively, all significantly shorter than those of the control cycle (13 days, 24 days, and 27 days respectively, P < 0.05, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001). The amount of needed platelet transfusion was 10 U in the rhTPO-treated cycle, both significantly less than those in the control cycle (12 U, P < 0.001). No effects of rhTPO on hemoglobin, white blood cells, hepatic function, kidney function and coagulant function were found. Transient low-titer antibody was developed in one patient. Side effects such as fever, knee arthralgia, dizziness, headache and chill were mild and tolerable. CONCLUSION: Administration of rhTPO after chemotherapy significantly reduces the degree and duration of thrombocytopenia and the need for platelet transfusions.