[A method of preparing sections for express histological diagnosis]. / Sposob izgotovleniia preparatov dlia srochnoi gistologicheskoi diagnostiki.

The method of improving quality of histological slides for intrasurgical diagnosis is proposed. The method consists in preliminary microwave processing of the slice of surgical material before putting in into cryostat for freezing and sections preparation. A slice of surgical material was first immersed in 10 ml of physiological solution (pH = 7.2). Then it was exposed to microwave radiation (2.45 GHz, 1 W/cm2) for 1.5 min. After that the slice was put into cryostat and frozen. Microwave processing is done in a home microwave oven or working chamber of microwave histoprocessor. Essential advantage in quality of slides is obtained.

[Histologic tissue processing in an automated microwave histoprocessor]. / Gistologicheskaia provodka tkanei v avtomaticheskom mikrovolnovom gistoprotsessore.

A new vacuum histoprocessor has been tested as well as new more effective protocols to work with this processor. The device allows histoprocessing of 50 samples simultaneously of surgery, biopsy or autopsy material during 1-1.5 h. Apart from the standard protocols, new protocols with a much lower (5-10 times) expenditure of the chemicals can be implemented due to combination of microwaves and vacuum. Each protocol was tested repeatedly (20 and more times) with stable good quality of microscopic image.

[Acceleration of histologic tissue processing and decalcification using a microwave oven]. / Uskorenie gistologicheskoi provodki tkanei i dekal'tsinatsii s pomoshch'iu mikrovolnovoi pechi.

Feasibility of significant acceleration of histoprocessing by using domestic microwave oven is shown. Two histoprocessing protocols for a single bit and many bits of surgery, biopsy and autopsy materials have been introduced. The design of a special container is described. The histoprocessing period was reduced to 2 hrs. Significant acceleration (10 to 20 times) of decalcification of bone tissue by using domestic microwave oven was achieved. Decalcification took from 3 to 8 hrs in good quality of the microscopic images.

[Results of testing the automatic device At-4M in comparison with AT-4]. / K itogam ispytaniia abtomata AT-4M v sravnenii s avtomatom AT-4.

A flow line of the histological material treatment with the use of improved automatic device AT-4M is described, 2-hour treatment of the endoscopic material is proposed.

[Radiomodifying effect of methandrostenolone on laryngeal cancer cells]. / Radiomodifitsiruiushchee deistvie metandrostenolona na kletki raka gortani.

The property of methandrostenolone, a synthetic male hormone, as a stimulator of proliferative activity of tumour cells was studied in experimental analyses, conducted on the transplanted culture of HEP-2 cells and on xenografts of the human larynx cancer cultured in diffusive chambers. This property of the hormone was used to increase the sensitivity of human laryngeal tumour, to ionizing emission. The morphological study of histological specimens prepared from xenografts and histological specimens of patients with laryngeal tumour, who received preoperative distant gamma-therapy against a background of the methadrostenolone use, gave the results which allow recommending this hormone to be used during radiotherapy of patients with the laryngeal cancer.

[Endolymphatic polychemotherapy of ovarian cancer]. / Endolimfaticheskaia polikhimioterapiia u bol'nykh rakom iaichnikov.

The results of treatment in 118 patients with ovarian cancer are presented. The sessional doses were as follows: thioTEPA--200--300 mg or cyclophosphamide--3200--4000 mg+5-fluorouracil--2000--3000 mg. Despite the fact that 116 patients had III--IV stages of the disease, the objective effect of the treatment was observed in 95 of them. Thus, the complete disappearance of tumor was gained in 3 cases, reduction of the tumor size more than by 50%--in 68 patients, more than by 25%--in 18, an insignificant diminishing of tumor, the appearance of its mobility--in 13. Surgical intervention has been performed in 96 patients, that makes 82% of the operability. Supravaginal amputation of the uterus with adnexa and extirpation of the greater omentum have been performed in 76 cases, that yields 67% of resectability. Sole tumors have been removed in 11 patients, the intervention being confined to laparotomy in 6 (5.1%). Pronounced degenerative and necrobiotic alterations in the tumor were revealed by its histochemical assay in 22 patients 40, 50 and 60 days after endolymphatic infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs.

[Benign non-epithelial tumors of the stomach]. / O dobrokachestvennykh neepitelial'nykh opukholiakh zheludka.

Six cases of mature non-epithelial tumours of the stomach are described; epithelioid leiomyoma, leiomyoma, lipoma, two fibromata and angiofibrolipoma. Noteworthy is the extremely rarely occurring epithelioid leiomyoma. In one case, lipoma and chronic peptic ulcer coexisted. All the stomach tumours under study were mature benign ones, but some of them presented a clinical course with signs of malignancy probably due to the endogastric growth of the tumour, its dimensions, and its localization near the stomach outlet, as well as to the breach of integrity of the mucous membrane above the tumour.

[Metastasis to the lymph nodes as an index of the effectiveness of preoperative endolymphatic polychemotherapy of cervix cancer]. / Metastazirovanie v limfouzly kak pokazatel' éffektivnosti predoperatsionnoi éndolimfaticheskoi polikhimioterapii raka sheiki matki.

Ninety eight patients with cervical cancer were subjected to endolymphatic chemotherapy with multiple cytostatic drugs to affect metastatic lymph nodes. A comcentrated mixture of chemotherapeutic drugs (total amount about 20 ml) was injected into plantar lymph vessels, an interval being 10-14 days. The combinations and dosage of the drugs were as follows: thio-TEPA (100-150 mg) or cyclophosphamid (1000-2000 mg)+methotrexate (100 mg)+5-fluorouracil (1000-1500 mg). Subsequently, 76 patients underwent an extended extirpation of the uterus with adnexa, and their lymph-nodes were studied morphologically. It was found that the number of metastases into the lymphnodes was considerably less than it had been expected. Of 45 patients with the disease stage II metastases have been found only in 3 cases (7%). Of 24 patients with cancer stage III the lymphnodes were involved in 4 cases (16.6%). According to the literature data metastatic involvement of the lymphnodes is on an average encountered in 36% for stage II and in 51% - for stage III.

[Ultrastructural changes in ovarian tumor cancer cells under the influence of preoperative chemotherapy]. / Ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia rakovykh kletok opukholei iaichnika pod vliianiem predoperatsionnoi khimioterapii

Studies of ultrastructural changes in cancerous cells of tumours of the ovaries in patients who had undergone preoperative chemotherapy, and the ultrastructural organization of cancerous cells of the overies in patients who had received no such treatment were carried out. Comparisons of the data obtained were made. It is established that preoperative chemotherapy brought about changes both in the nucleus and in cytoplasma of the cancerous cells. In particular, non-uniform distribution of nucleous chromatin, its quantitative decrease, enlargement of nucleoli, destruction of the cytoplasmic network membranes, vacuolization of mitochondria with destruction of crista therein, were observed. Preoperative chemotherapy leads to distortion of the genetic information of cancerous cells, causes inhibition of energy and metabolism processes in these cells, which results in perish of the cells and in regression of tumours.