[Orthogonal factor analysis on metabolic syndrome].

To elucidate the principal of orthogonal factor analysis, using an example of factor analysis of metabolic syndrome. The basic structures and the fundamental concepts of orthogonal factor analysis were introduced and data involving 1877 women aged of 35-65 years, selected from a cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 1998 - 2001 in Shanghai, were included in this study. Factor analysis was carried out using principle components analysis with Varimax orthogonal rotation of the components of the metabolic syndrome. The different components of the metabolic syndrome were not linked closely with the other components and loaded on the six different factors,which mainly reflected by the variables of obesity, blood pressure, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol respectively. Six major factors of the metabolic syndrome were uncorrelated with each other and explained 86% of the variance in the original data. The factor score and total factor score for the individual could be obtained according to the component score coefficient matrix. Although the components of the metabolic syndrome were related statistically, the finding of six factors suggested that the components of the metabolic syndrome did not show high degrees of intercorrelation. As a linear method of data reduction, the mode reduced a large set of measured intercorrelation variables into a smaller set of uncorrelated factors, which explained the majority of the variance in the original variables. Factor analysis was well suited for revealing underlying patterns or structure among variables showing high degrees of intercorrelation.

[Serum lipid profile changes of the adults in Shanghai communities].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the adult lipid profile of Huayang community from 1998 to 2000 and Caoyang communities in 2001. METHODS: Representative serum samples of 5628 adults (aged 20 - 95 years) were obtained in Huayang and Caoyang communities during 1998.9 and 2001.11. Standard epidemiology questionnaire, physical check-ups and serum lipids data were analyzed. RESULTS: After standardization to Chinese census statistics of 2000, the age-and sex-standardized means of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides of the two communities (Huayang vs. Caoyang) were 5.01 mmol/L vs. 4.43 mmol/L, 1.28 mmol/L vs. 1.32 mmol/L, 3.37 mmol/L vs. 2.99 mmol/L, 1.97 mmol/L vs. 1.60 mmol/L respectively, and the age- and sex- standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia was 52.9% vs. 25.1%, and the prevalence for borderline dyslipidemia was 76.0% vs. 56.2%, respectively. The decreasing order of dyslipidemia prevalence of the two communities was: elevated TG, decreased HDL-C, elevated LDL-C and TC. The standardized proportions of optimal HDL-C level were only 15.7% and 16.1% in Huayang and Caoyang respectively which was much lower than these of TG, LDL and TC. CONCLUSIONS: The standardized prevalence of adult dyslipidemia and borderline dyslipidemia in the two communities were high. Dyslipidemia of the two communities was TG and decreased.

[Study on in-plane optical anisotropy of semiconductor materials by reflectance difference spectroscopy].

In the present review, the measuring principle of reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS) is given. As a powerful tool in the surface and interface analysis technologies, the application of RDS to the research on semiconductor materials is summarized along with the origins of the in-plane optical anisotropy of semiconductors. And it is believed that RDS will play an important role in the electrooptic modification of Si-based semiconductor materials.

[Prevalence of peripheral vascular disease in diabetics and impaired glucose regulation subjects: a community-based study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose regulation (IGR). METHODS: Follow-up 5 years after the previous epidemiologic study of metabolic syndrome in Chaoyang community, Shanghai, 2000 - 2001 was conducted among 717 patients with DM or IGR. Questionnaire survey about general status and DM-related history and behaviors, including smoking, was carried out. Physical examination was made. Ankle/brachial index (A/BI) was measured. Intermittent claudication was surveyed by Edinburgh claudication questionnaire (ECQ). Blood sugar and blood lipid were detected. 427 patients, 210 males and 217 females, aged 67.3 +/- 14.0 (21 - 104), with intact data were enrolled into the analysis. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of PVD was 12.2% in the hyperglycemic population. The prevalence of PVD in the diabetics was 15.1%, significantly higher than that of the IGP subjects (7.7%, P = 0.022). The rate of intermittent claudication in those with the A/BI

[Chronic renal disease in diabetic and prediabetic subjects: a community-based study in Shanghai].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of chronic renal disease in hyperglycemic population of Shanghai Caoyang Community. METHODS: Microalbuminuria was determined by measuring urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from fasting serum creatinine. RESULTS: A total of 406 Shanghai Chinese, with the average age of 67.5 +/- 13.8 years (244 with diabetes mellitus and 162 with impaired glucose regulation) from the established hyperglycemic cohort were included. (1) The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 20.9% and 10.5% in the subjects with diabetes and impaired glucose regulation (IGR); (2) The prevalence of a cGFR >or= 60 and < 90, >or= 30 and < 60, < 30 mlxmin(-1)x(1.73 m(2))(-1) were 41.6%, 37.0%, 1.2% respectively in the patients with diabetes, and 34.2%, 47.2%, 1.9% in the patients with IGR. Impaired renal function was 38.2% and 49.1% respectively in the subjects with diabetes and IGR; (3) The prevalence of microalbuminuria was significantly higher in the diabetic patients with hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia, history of cardiovascular disease or selinity. Systolic blood pressure, waist circumstance, fasting plasma glucose and history of cardiovascular disease were all independently associated with hyperglycemic microalbuminuria; (4) cGFR was diminished with increased age and the impaired renal function was more frequent in the patients with hypertension (48.5%). There was a significant positive correlation between a diminished cGFR and increasing levels of ACR after the patients with macroalbuminuria were deleted and adjusted age. Serum creatinine, age and systolic blood pressure were independently associated with diabetic cGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of microalbuminuria and impaired renal function in the hyperglycemic population of Caoyang Community underlines the need for cost-effective programs for the detection of chronic renal disease, and approaches to screen it in the hyperglycemic patients should incorporate assessment of GFR in addition to monitoring urine albumin excretion.