Salmonella spp. in Aquaculture: An Exploratory Analysis (Integrative Review) of Microbiological Diagnoses between 2000 and 2020.

The present study aimed to characterize, through descriptive statistics, data from scientific articles selected in a systematic integrative review that performed a microbiological diagnosis of Salmonella spp. in aquaculture. Data were obtained from research articles published in the BVS, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The selected studies were published between 2000 and 2020 on samples of aquaculture animal production (fish, shrimp, bivalve mollusks, and other crustaceans) and environmental samples of aquaculture activity (farming water, soil, and sediments). After applying the exclusion criteria, 80 articles were selected. Data such as country of origin, categories of fish investigated, methods of microbiological diagnosis of Salmonella spp., sample units analyzed and most reported serovars were mined. A textual analysis of the word cloud and by similarity and descending hierarchical classification with the application of Reinert's algorithm was performed using R® and Iramuteq® software. The results showed that a higher percentage of the selected articles came from Asian countries (38.75%). Fish was the most sampled category, and the units of analysis of the culture water, muscle and intestine were more positive. The culture isolation method is the most widespread, supported by more accurate techniques such as PCR. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars reported were S. Typhimurium, S. Weltevreden and S. Newport. The textual analysis showed a strong association of the terms "Salmonella", "fish" and "water", and the highest hierarchical class grouped 25.4% of the associated text segments, such as "aquaculture", "food" and "public health". The information produced characterizes the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in the aquaculture sector, providing an overview of recent years. Future research focusing on strategies for the control and prevention of Salmonella spp. in fish production are necessary and should be encouraged.

Self-Justification Processes Related to Bullying Among Brazilian Adolescents: A Mixed Methods Study.

This study aims to investigate the associations between bullying and moral disengagement in a Brazilian sample, using a mixed method design. Two-thousand three hundred and thirty-four adolescents (11-19 years; 42.9% girls) answered self-report measures on bullying and moral disengagement in response to bullying situations. Fifty-five participants were randomly selected and interviewed on their experiences on bullying at school. Results allowed to identify specific mechanisms of moral disengagement associated with bullying behavior among Brazilian adolescents. Qualitative analysis highlighted how moral disengagement mechanisms were spontaneously used by the adolescents to explain both the bullying and the bystander behaviors. Findings support the relevance of moral disengagement mechanisms in explaining bullying behaviors. The value of addressing these mechanisms when designing anti-bullying interventions is discussed.

[Systematic review on bullying and family: an analysis based on bioecological systems]. / Revisão sistemática sobre bullying e família: uma análise a partir dos sistemas bioecológicos.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the relationships between family context and involvement in school bullying. METHODS: The following databases were searched: Web of Science, PsycoInfo, Pub-Med, Lilacs and SciELO virtual library, using the terms bullying, family and parents. A total of 61 papers met the eligibility criteria. The corpus was analyzed through the Bioecological Development Framework. RESULTS: The experiences of students experiencing situations of bullying are multifaceted and are related to the family context. Elements from the microsystem, such as violence in the family, parental practices, environment and type of family arrangements, were the elements more frequently explored and related to bullying, though the relationships of parents with the children's friends, the parents' education and socioeconomic conditions, along with the exo, meso and macro systems were also related to bullying. CONCLUSION: The review contributes to the literature by broadening the approach to this phenomenon that affects the health and development of children and adolescents.

The Effects of a Skill-Based Intervention for Victims of Bullying in Brazil.

This study's objective was to verify whether improved social and emotional skills would reduce victimization among Brazilian 6th grade student victims of bullying. The targets of this intervention were victimized students; a total of 78 victims participated. A cognitive-behavioral intervention based on social and emotional skills was held in eight weekly sessions. The sessions focused on civility, the ability to make friends, self-control, emotional expressiveness, empathy, assertiveness, and interpersonal problem-solving capacity. Data were analyzed through Poisson regression models with random effects. Pre- and post-analyses reveal that intervention and comparison groups presented significant reduced victimization by bullying. No significant improvement was found in regard to difficulties in practicing social skills. Victimization reduction cannot be attributed to the program. This study contributes to the incipient literature addressing anti-bullying interventions conducted in developing countries and highlights the need for approaches that do not exclusively focus on the students' individual aspects.

Psychosocial factors and prevalence of burnout syndrome among nursing workers in intensive care units.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among nursing workers in intensive care units and establish associations with psychosocial factors. METHODS: This descriptive study evaluated 130 professionals, including nurses, nursing technicians, and nursing assistants, who performed their activities in intensive care and coronary care units in 2 large hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected in 2011 using a self-reported questionnaire. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to evaluate the burnout syndrome dimensions, and the Self Reporting Questionnaire was used to evaluate common mental disorders. RESULTS: The prevalence of burnout syndrome was 55.3% (n = 72). In the quadrants of the demand-control model, low-strain workers exhibited a prevalence of 64.5% of suspected cases of burnout, whereas high-strain workers exhibited a prevalence of 72.5% of suspected cases (p = 0.006). The prevalence of suspected cases of common mental disorders was 27.7%; of these, 80.6% were associated with burnout syndrome (< 0.0001). The multivariate analysis adjusted for gender, age, educational level, weekly work duration, income, and thoughts about work during free time indicated that the categories associated with intermediate stress levels - active work (OR = 0.26; 95%CI = 0.09 - 0.69) and passive work (OR = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.07 - 0.63) - were protective factors for burnout syndrome. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial factors were associated with the development of burnout syndrome in this group. These results underscore the need for the development of further studies aimed at intervention and the prevention of the syndrome.

Men's health in question: seeking assistance in primary health care.

The scope of this study was to analyze the socio-demographic profile, morbidity and frequency of seeking of adult men enrolled in a Family Doctor Program for health care in Niterói in the State of Rio de Janeiro. It is a cross-sectional study using secondary data, files and records of the first care visit in November 2003 through August 2009. The frequencies of the variables studied and the prevalence rates among those who sought and those who did not seek attention were calculated. Among the 323 men registered, 56% sought attendance. The main reason given for the first visit was a routine appointment. It was observed that 43 men were overweight, 26 were obese and 44 had abnormal blood pressure. The profile of the men who sought and those who did not seek care presented statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) for: age, education level, social security and reference to morbidity at the time of registration. Older men with social security reporting some morbidity sought health services more often. It is necessary to broaden the studies to acquire more input for public health actions and policies that contemplate this population segment and its specificities.

Refletindo sobre os centros de atençãopsicossocial / Reflating on psychosocial attention centers

Introdução: O processo de Reforma Psiquiátrica, em curso no Brasil, aponta para a construção e incorporação de novas práticasem saúde mental, como a implantação dos Centros de AtençãoPsicossocial (CAPS). O Ministério da Saúdeincorporou esse dispositivo como a principal estratégia de enfrentamento do modelo assistencial tradicional. Objetivos: Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a importância dos CAPS como projeto político-social na produção de novos sentidos para a doença mental. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura de abordagem qualitativa. Resultados: Percebeu-se que a dificuldade de inserçãodesses serviços, de maneira mais ampla, no territórioconstitui-se empecilho para a promoção de novos sentidos para a loucura. Como também, que o projeto de promover uma transformação cultural acerca de loucura ainda é incipiente. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário que os CAPS se inscrevam de maneira mais ampla no território, aumentando sua projeção frente às políticas sociais.

Background: The Psychiatric Reform process currently underway in Brazil points to the construction and adoption of new mental health practices, among which is the implementation of Psychosocial Attention Centers (PAC). The Brazilian Health Ministry adopted this device as the main strategy for coping with the traditional welfare model. Objectives: This article aims to perform reflection on the importance of psychosocial, political and social project in the production of new directions for mental illness. Methodology: This is a study of literature review of qualitative approach. Results: It was felt that the difficulty of inserting these services more widely in the territory constitutes a hindrance to the promotion of new directions for the madness. Furthermore, the project of promoting a cultural change about madness is still incipient. Conclusion: It is necessary that the PAC expand more broadly into the territory, increasing its projection in the face of social policies.

Introducción: El proceso de la Reforma Psiquiátrica en curso en Brasil apunta a la construcción e incorporación de nuevas prácticas de salud mental, como la implementación de los Centros de Atención Psicosociales (CAPS). El Ministerio de Sanidad de Brasil incorporó este dispositivo como la principal estrategia para hacer frente al tradicional modelo asistencial. Objetivos: Este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre la importancia de los CAPS como proeyecto político y social en la producción de nuevos sentidos para la enfermedad mental. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio de revisión de la literatura de abordaje cualitativo. Resultados: Se observó que la dificultad de inserción de estos servicios, más ampliamente en el territorio, constituye un factor que impide la promoción de nuevos sentidos a la locura. Además, el proyecto de promover una transformación cultural en relación con la locura es todavía incipiente. Conclusión: Es necesario que los CAPS se registren de manera más amplia en el territorio, incrementando su proyección frente las políticas sociales.

O ruído causando danos e estresse: possibilidade de atuação para a enfermagem do trabalho / Noise causing damage and stress: the possibility of nursing practice for occupational health nursing

A exposição ao ruído vem sendo problema de saúde ocupacional cada vez mais presente na vida de profissionais, e reclamado como fator de estresse no trabalho. Diante disto, este estudo objetivou identificar os riscos ocupacionais que acometem trabalhadores que atuam em ambientes ruidosos, discutindo as consequências à saúde do trabalhador. A presente é uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva, que se deu por meio de revisão bibliográfica analítica baseada em obras publicadas no período de 1978 a 2010. Foi construído um quadro comparativo para discussão dos principais achados. Os riscos encontrados foram: estresse, distúrbios do sono, problemas em vários sistemas fisiológicos, com destaque para o neurológico e circulatório e risco de acidentes laborais. O papel educativo do enfermeiro deve ser contínuo e com avaliação de risco das ações executadas pelo trabalhador. A enfermagem do trabalho, como especialidade, vem buscando desenvolver e aprofundar conhecimentos e ampliar seu papel junto à área de saúde do trabalhador. Os profissionais conhecem os riscos do ruído, classificam-no como a principal causa de incômodo e conhecem estratégias coletivas e individuais para diminuir os riscos ocupacionais.

La exposición al ruido ha sido un problema de salud ocupacional cada vez más presente en la vida de los profesionales, convirtiéndose en un factor de estrés en el trabajo. Así, este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los riesgos laborales que afectan a los empleados que trabajan en ambientes ruidosos y discutir las consecuencias para la salud. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo y se realizó a través de una revisión de literatura basada en trabajos analíticos publicados entre 1978 y 2010. Se elaboró un cuadro comparativo para discutir las principales conclusiones. Los riesgos encontrados fueron: estrés, trastornos del sueño y problemas en varios sistemas fisiológicos, con énfasis en el riesgo neurológico y circulatorio que surgen de los accidentes. El papel de la formación de enfermería debe ser continuo y debe evaluar el riesgo de las medidas adoptadas por el trabajador. El trabajo de la enfermería como una especialidad ha estado tratando de desarrollar conocimientos y de ampliar y profundizar su papel en el ámbito de la salud en el trabajo. Los profesionales deben conocer los riesgos del ruido para clasificar las principales causas del malestar y las estrategias colectivas e individuales conocidas para reducir los riesgos laborales.

Noise exposure has been occupational health problem is increasingly present in the lives of professionals, and claimed as a stress factor at work. Thus, this study aimed to identify occupational hazards that affect employees who work in noisy environments, discussing the consequences of health worker. It is a descriptive research that was done through a literature review based analytical works published in the period 1978 to 2010. It was built for a comparative discussion of the main findings. The risks were found are: stress, sleep disorders, problems in various physiological systems, with emphasis on the neurological and circulatory risk of accidents. The educational role of the nurse must be continuous and risk assessment of the actions taken by the worker. The nursing job as a specialty, has been seeking to develop skills and to widen and deepen its role in the area of occupational health. Professionals know the risks of noise; classify it as the main cause of discomfort and collective and individual strategies known to reduce occupational hazards.

Estressores na atividade gerencial do enfermeiro: implicações para saúde / Stress in the nurse's activity management: health implications

As atividades exercidas pelo enfermeiro combinam a assistência com funções gerenciais, o que pode conduzir à sobrecarga profissional. Objetivo: descrever fatores geradores de estresse na atividade gerencial do enfermeiro e refletir sobre suas implicações para a saúde desse profissional. Método: trata- se de estudo descritivo e exploratório que utilizou a revisão bibliográfica, com obras publicadas do período de 2001 a 2011, como fontes de informações para construção de discussão temática. Discussão: alicerçou-se na descrição de fatores causais na atividade gerencial do enfermeiro e as consequências do estresse para a saúde. Conclusão: as atividades gerenciais, ligadas ao planejamento e gestão de pessoal de enfermagem aumentam a carga de estresse que se somam às tarefas assistenciais. Tal situação traz prejuízos à saúde e ao bem-estar que se manifestam através de esgotamento físico, mental e transtornos psicossomáticos. Devem ser propostas ações que busquem melhores condições de trabalho e amenização do estresse do enfermeiro no ambiente laboral. Percebem-se deficiências que podem prejudicar a qualidade de vida deste trabalhador, fato alarmante, em uma realidade social em que a saúde do trabalhador tem sido preconizada e valorizada como direito inalienável.

The activities performed by nursing care activities to combine management functions, which can lead to work overload. Objective: to describe the factors that generate stress in the administrative tasks of nurses and reflect on their implications for the health of this person. Method: descriptive study that used the literature review, with published works of the period 2001 to 2011, as sources of information for building reflexive discussion of text. Discussion: was based on the description of causal factors of stress in the administrative tasks of nurses and the consequences for health professionals. Conclusion: the managerial activities, linked to planning and management of nursing staff increase the stress load that add to the care tasks. This harms the health and well-being manifested through physical exhaustion, mental and psychosomatic disorders. Should be proposed actions that seek better working conditions and mitigate the stress of nurses in the workplace. Are perceived deficiencies that may impair the quality of life of workers, alarming fact, in a social reality in which the worker's health has been considered and valued as an inalienable right.

Las actividades realizadas por los enfermeros incluyen las funciones de asistencia y administración que pueden generar sobrecarga de trabajo. Objetivo: describir los factores que causan estrés en las tareas administrativas de los enfermeros y reflexionar sobre sus implicaciones para la salud de este profesional. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo que utilizó como fuente de información la revisión de la literatura, con trabajos publicados entre 2001 a 2011, para la construcción de la discusión del texto reflexivo. Discusión: se fundamentó en la descripción de los factores causales de estrés en las tareas administrativas del personal de enfermería y sus consecuencias para los profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: las actividades de administrativas relacionadas a la planificación y gestión del personal de enfermería aumentan la carga de estrés que se suman a las tareas de cuidado. Esta situación perjudica a la salud y el bienestar en que se manifiesta a través del agotamiento físico, mental y trastornos psicosomáticos. Por lo expuesto, deben ser propuestas acciones que busquen mejores condiciones de trabajo y mitigar el estrés de los enfermeros en el ambiente del trabajo. Se perciben deficiencias que pueden ser perjudiciales para la calidad de vida de los trabajadores, hecho alarmante, en una realidad social en que la salud del trabajador ha sido considerada y valorada como derecho inalienable.

Discussão sobre as causas da Síndrome de Burnout e suas implicações à saúde do profissional de enfermagem / Discusión sobre las causas del Síndrome Burnout y sus implicaciones para la salud del personal de enfermería / Discussion on the Burnout Syndrome

Objetivos: descrever causas e implicações da Síndrome de Burnout, discutindo sobre possíveis consequências para o profissional de enfermagem. Método: estudo descritivo e exploratório realizado por meio de revisão de literatura. A abordagem do tema ocorreu por meio de divisão em categorias que abordam os fatores causas e também as implicações síndrome. Resultados: a partir da análise dos resultados, constata-se que o processo está intimamente relacionado a fatores organizacionais, pessoais, individuais e até mesmo os inerentes à profissão. As repercussões descritas são várias, envolvendo esferas físicas, psíquicas, emocionais, organizacionais e familiares. Conclusão: trata-se de problema psicossocial atual que merece abordagens e estudos que permitam a tomada de medidas para minimização do sofrimento laboral deste profissional.

Objetivos: describir las causas y consecuencias de Síndrome Burnout, discutiendo las posibles consecuencias para el profesional de enfermería. Método: estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado a través de revisión de la literatura. El tema fue realizado por una división en categorías que aborden las causas y factores también el síndrome más amplio. Resultados: a partir del análisis de los resultados, parece que el proceso está estrechamente relacionado con factores de organización, individuales personales, e incluso inherente a la profesión. Los efectos descritos son numerosos, la participación de las esferas física, mental, emocional, organizacional y familiar. Conclusión: este es el problema actual que merece enfoques psicosociales y estudios que permitan medidas para minimizar el sufrimiento de los profesionales que trabajan.

Objectives: To describe the causes and implications of Burnout, discussing possible consequences for the nurses. Method: This descriptive exploratory study conducted through literature review. The theme was performed by a division into categories that address the causes and factors also the implications syndrome. Results: From the analysis of the results, it appears that the process is closely related to organizational factors, personal, individual and even inherent to the profession. The effects described are numerous, involving spheres physical, mental, emotional, organizational and family. Conclusion: This is the current problem that deserves psychosocial approaches and studies that allow for measures to minimize the suffering of the working professional.