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1.
Gene ; 820: 146296, 2022 Apr 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35149152

RESUMEN

We aimed to investigate whether the expression levels and polymorphisms in the ADRB2 gene have influenced the anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes changes in obese/overweight children submitted to physical exercise programs. This longitudinal study included 197 overweight or obese children aged 10-16 years, submitted to physical exercise programs - three sessions per week for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic profile was collected before and after interventions. The ADRB2 gene expression levels were also measured in these two moments in a small intervention group (n = 17) and a control group (n = 18). Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms were genotyped. A positive correlation between ADRB2 expression and loss of body fat (%) (p = 0.038) was observed, which remained after sex and BMI change corrections. Carriers of the Glu27Glu genotype presented a better response to physical exercise programs regarding their triglycerides levels and triglyceride-glucose index (p = 0.001 for both). The participants' responsiveness to physical exercise programs showed variation due to the ADRB2 gene expression and the Gln27Glu polymorphism. A more significant loss of body fat was associated with higher levels of ADRB2 expression, and the Glu27Glu genotype was associated with a better cardiometabolic response. The Arg16Gly polymorphism did not show interaction with the responsiveness to physical exercise.


Asunto(s)
Sobrepeso/genética , Obesidad Infantil/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/genética , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/metabolismo , Adolescente , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil , Niño , Ejercicio Físico , Terapia por Ejercicio , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Triglicéridos/metabolismo
2.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 46: e64, 2022. tab, graf
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432011

RESUMEN

RESUMO Objetivo. Sintetizar os achados sobre correlatos da atividade física (AF) e do comportamento sedentário (CS) em crianças sul-americanas. Método. Realizou-se uma busca dos artigos no período de 24 de junho até 27 de outubro de 2020, nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. Para ampliar a busca, foram examinadas as referências dos artigos de revisão identificados e realizada uma consulta a um painel de especialistas. Foram incluídos estudos com delineamentos observacional e de intervenção com foco em crianças sul-americanas de zero a 5 anos de idade. Resultados. Dos 3 111 artigos inicialmente identificados, 18 foram elegíveis: 14 com delineamento observacional, 12 realizados no Brasil e 17 conduzidos com pré-escolares (3 a 5 anos de idade). Além do Brasil, os únicos países representados foram o Chile e o Equador. A AF e o CS foram medidos por acelerômetros em sete estudos, porém houve alta variabilidade nos instrumentos e pontos de corte usados. Embora as crianças tenham sido consideradas fisicamente ativas em 12 estudos, seis estudos mostraram que elas despendiam muito tempo em CS. Os domínios de influência mais avaliados foram o individual (14 estudos) e o interpessoal (11 estudos), seguidos pelo ambiental (oito estudos) e o político (um estudo). As intervenções no contexto escolar (quatro estudos) aumentaram os níveis de AF e diminuíram o tempo em CS. Entretanto, as evidências dos estudos transversais e de intervenção apresentaram alto risco de viés. Conclusão. Diante das lacunas identificadas, recomendam-se estudos com delineamentos robustos que incluam mais países sul-americanos, com foco em bebês e crianças com menos de 3 anos de idade e que investiguem correlatos dos domínios ambiental e político.


ABSTRACT Objective. To synthesize the findings on correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in South American children. Method. A search was carried out from June 24 to October 27, 2020, in the LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. To broaden the search, the references of identified review articles were examined, and a panel of experts was surveyed. Observational and interventional studies conducted with South-American children from zero to 5 years of age were included. Results. Of 3 111 articles initially identified, 18 were eligible: 14 observational studies, 12 studies conducted in Brazil, and 17 studies investigating preschool children (3 to 5 years of age). In addition to Brazil, only Chile and Ecuador were represented. PA and SB were measured by accelerometers in seven studies; however, high variability was observed in the instruments and cut-off points used. Although children were classified as physically active in 12 studies, six studies showed that they spent considerable time in SB. Most studies assessed the individual (14 studies) and interpersonal (11 studies) domains, followed by the environmental (eight studies) and political (one study) domains. Interventions in the school context (four studies) increased PA levels and reduced the time spent in SB. However, the evidence from cross-sectional and interventional studies presented a high risk of bias. Conclusions. Given the knowledge gap identified in this review, studies with robust designs, covering additional South American countries are warranted, focusing on infants and children under 3 years of age and investigating correlates in the environmental and political domains.


RESUMEN Objetivo. Resumir los hallazgos sobre la correlación entre actividad física (AF) y comportamiento sedentario (CS) en la población infantil en América del Sur. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda de los artículos publicados entre el 24 de junio y el 27 de octubre del 2020 en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science. Para ampliar la búsqueda, se examinaron las referencias de los artículos de revisión encontrados y se consultó con un panel de expertos. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales y de intervención centrados en población infantil de 0 a 5 años de edad en América del Sur. Resultados. De los 3 111 artículos encontrados inicialmente, 18 cumplieron con los criterios establecidos: 14 tenían un diseño observacional, 12 se llevaron a cabo en Brasil y 17 se realizaron con niños y niñas en edad preescolar (de 3 a 5 años). Además de Brasil, los únicos países representados fueron Chile y Ecuador. La AF y el CS se midieron con acelerómetros en 7 estudios, pero se observó una alta variabilidad en los instrumentos y los puntos de corte utilizados. Aunque se consideró que niños y niñas eran físicamente activos en 12 estudios, 6 estudios revelaron que pasaban mucho tiempo en CS. Los ámbitos de influencia más evaluados fueron el individual (14 estudios) y el interpersonal (11 estudios), seguidos del ambiental (8 estudios) y el político (1 estudio). Las intervenciones en el contexto escolar (4 estudios) aumentaron los niveles de AF y disminuyeron el tiempo en CS. Sin embargo, la evidencia de los estudios transversales y de intervención presentó un alto riesgo de sesgo. Conclusiones. En vista de las lagunas detectadas, se recomienda que se realicen estudios con diseño robusto que incluyan más países sudamericanos, se centren en bebés y menores de 3 años e investiguen correlaciones en los ámbitos político y ambiental.

3.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab ; 32(3): 239-246, 2019 Mar 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30844760

RESUMEN

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and pubertal stages have been related to many health outcomes, including obesity and adipocytokines. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the moderator role of CRF and pubertal stage in the relationship between adiposity and adipocytokines in girls. Method This cross-sectional study was performed with 42 pre-pubertal girls aged from 7 to 11 years and 54 post-pubertal girls aged from 13 to 17 years. Blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin, and then the leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio) was calculated. CRF, anthropometric and body composition indicators were assessed. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and several linear regression models were used. The moderation analysis was tested using the PROCESS macro. Results An interaction between body mass index (BMI) and CRF (ß: -0.70; confidence interval [CI]: -1.29, -0.12), as well as between BMI and pubertal stage (ß: 0.79; CI: 0.28, 1.30) with leptin, was found. Regarding the L/A ratio, an interaction was found only in BMI × CRF (ß: -0.56; CI: -1.06, -0.06). Using a combined interaction (CRF and pubertal stage), the results showed a positive association between BMI with leptin and L/A ratio only in low CRF, pre-pubertal and post-pubertal stages. Conclusion This study suggests a protective role of high levels of CRF in the relationship between BMI and adipocytokines. Despite the effect of pubertal stage, the results suggest that youth should be engaged in physical activity in order to improve CRF levels and consequently improve cardiometabolic health.


Asunto(s)
Adiponectina/sangre , Adiposidad/fisiología , Capacidad Cardiovascular/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Leptina/sangre , Pubertad/fisiología , Adolescente , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Pubertad/sangre
4.
Eur J Nutr ; 58(1): 325-334, 2019 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29238857

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is involved in energy homeostasis. The A allele of the rs9939609 (SNP; T>A) is associated with obesity and higher food intake, while its effect in energy expenditure remains unclear. The aim of this study is to examine whether FTO rs9939609 is associated with the anthropometric outcomes of a physical exercise program and a dietary intervention. METHODS: We studied two independent samples. The first was composed by children and adolescents in which overweight and obese individuals were submitted to a physical exercise program (n = 136) and normal weight participants served as a control group (n = 172). The second sample was composed by obese women submitted to a hypocaloric dietary intervention (n = 126). RESULTS: Physical exercise and dietary intervention were effective, independently of genotype. We found no association of FTO rs9939609 with obesity in children and adolescents (p = 0.67). The rs9939609 affected the response to dietary intervention in obese women: A allele carriers reduced 2.7 cm less of abdominal circumference (AC) than homozygous TT (p = 0.04), while no effect was observed in response to physical exercise in overweight and obese children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The A allele is associated with a worse outcome in response to the hypocaloric dietary intervention regarding abdominal circumference reduction; the same allele did not show interaction with any anthropometric outcomes in response to the exercise program applied.


Asunto(s)
Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato/genética , Antropometría , Dieta Reductora/métodos , Ejercicio Físico , Sobrepeso/terapia , Programas de Reducción de Peso/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Brasil , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Adulto Joven
5.
J Obes ; 2018: 3134026, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29854435

RESUMEN

Purpose: The rs9939609 SNP (T > A) in FTO gene is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed at verifying whether this SNP influenced biochemical outcomes of children and adolescents who are overweight/obese submitted to a program of physical exercise and also if there was influence on basal levels of these biochemical variables. Methods: The sample was composed by 432 children and adolescents grouped in three ways (obese, overweight, and normal weight); of these, 135 children and adoloescents who are obese and overweight were submitted to a physical exercise program for 12 weeks. All were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Results: The children and adolescents who are overweight/obese and carriers of AA genotype had higher levels of insulin (p=0.03) and HOMA (p=0.007) and lower levels of glucose (p=0.003), but the SNP did not modulate the response to physical exercise. Conclusions: In our study, the rs9939609 AA genotype was associated with parameters related to insulin metabolism but did not interact with physical exercise.


Asunto(s)
Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato/genética , Metabolismo Basal/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico , Frecuencia de los Genes/fisiología , Insulina/metabolismo , Obesidad/genética , Sobrepeso/genética , Adolescente , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil , Niño , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/prevención & control , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/prevención & control , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Programas de Reducción de Peso
6.
J Sports Sci ; 34(20): 1902-12, 2016 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26852885

RESUMEN

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of combined training without caloric restriction on inflammatory markers in overweight girls. Thirty-three girls (13-17 years) were assigned into overweight training (n = 17) or overweight control (n = 16) groups. Additionally, a normal-weight group (n = 15) was used as control for the baseline values. The combined training programme consisted of six resistance exercises (three sets of 6-10 repetitions at 60-70% 1 RM) followed by 30 min of aerobic exercise (walking/running) at 50-80% VO2peak, performed in the same 60 min session, 3 days/weeks, for 12 weeks. Body composition, dietary intake, aerobic fitness (VO2peak), muscular strength (1 RM), glycaemia, insulinemia, lipid profile and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10, leptin, resistin and adiponectin) were measured before and after intervention. There was a significant decrease in body fat (P < 0.01) and increase in fat-free mass (P < 0.01), VO2peak (P < 0.01), 1 RM for leg press (P < 0.01) and bench press (P < 0.01) in the overweight training group. Concomitantly, this group presented significant decreases in serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (P < 0.05) and leptin (P < 0.05), as well as in insulin resistance (P < 0.05) after the experimental period. In conclusion, 12 weeks of combined training without caloric restriction reduced inflammatory markers associated with obesity in overweight girls.


Asunto(s)
Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Restricción Calórica , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Inflamación/prevención & control , Resistencia a la Insulina , Leptina/sangre , Obesidad/complicaciones , Adipoquinas/sangre , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adolescente , Biomarcadores , Composición Corporal , Compartimentos de Líquidos Corporales/metabolismo , Citocinas/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Fuerza Muscular , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/terapia , Sobrepeso , Consumo de Oxígeno , Entrenamiento de Fuerza
7.
Rev Paul Pediatr ; 34(1): 24-9, 2016.
Artículo en Portugués | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26684442

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of polymorphisms of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) in triggering exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in adolescents. METHODS: The subjects were divided into two groups: present EIB (EIB+) (n=45) and absent EIB (EIB-) (n=115). The bronchial provocation test with exercise was performed with a protocol that consisted of walking/running for at least eight minutes at high intensity, i.e., >85% of maximum heart rate, considering EIB+ as a 10% decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). The genotyping of the ADRB2 gene was performed by the Taqman method, using the Step One Plus system. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests, as well as Spearman's correlation coefficient were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Age, body weight, height, FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio were lower in the EIB+ group when compared to EIB- (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the proportion of the allele at position 27 and Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu genotypes between the EIB+ and EIB- groups (p=0.26; p=0.97 and p=0.43, respectively). However, there was a trend towards statistical significance regarding the greater proportion of the Gly16 allele for the EIB+ when compared to the EIB- group (p=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of polymorphisms associated with the Glu27 allele and Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu genotypes had no influence on EIB. However, the statistical trend towards greater frequency of the Gly16 allele in individuals with EIB+ can be considered evidence of the influence of polymorphisms of the ADBR2 gene on EIB in adolescents.


Asunto(s)
Asma Inducida por Ejercicio/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/genética , Adolescente , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial/métodos , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Genotipo , Humanos
8.
Arch Endocrinol Metab ; 59(4): 325-34, 2015 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26331320

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total and abdominal adiposity with metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers, in female adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 53 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from a public school in Curitiba, Brazil. The adiposity indicators studied were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), trunk fat mass (TKFM), total fat mass (TFM) and body fat percentage (BF%) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The metabolic and inflammatory parameters studied were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), leptin, adiponectin and resistin. RESULTS: Eighty percent of WC variation, 87% of TKFM and TFM, and 73% of BF% were predicted by BMI variation. There was a significant positive correlation between all indicators of adiposity with SBP, DBP, insulin, HOMA-IR, CRP and leptin. Triglycerides were positively correlated with BMI and WC, and adiponectin correlated negatively with BMI. TNF-α, IL-6, glucose, total cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not correlate to the studied variables. CONCLUSION: BMI showed a significant association with most of the parameters studied, and WC was slightly better than BMI to predict insulin resistance in this specific population.


Asunto(s)
Grasa Abdominal/fisiopatología , Adiposidad/fisiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Inflamación/sangre , Adolescente , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Lípidos/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Triglicéridos/sangre , Circunferencia de la Cintura
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