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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the expression of E-cadherin, Snail1 and Twist1 in pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCa) and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenomas (CaexPA) of salivary glands, as well as investigate possible associations with clinicopathological parameters. STUDY DESIGN: E-cadherin, Snail1 and Twist1 antibody immunostaining were analyzed semiquantitatively in 20 PAs, 20 AdCCas and 10 CaexPAs. Cases were classified as low and high expression for analysis of the association with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS: Compared to PAs, AdCCas and CaexPAs exhibited higher nuclear expression of Snail1 (p = 0.021 and p = 0.028, respectively) and Twist1 (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001). Membranous and cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin were positively correlated in PAs, AdCCas and CaexPAs (r = 0.645, p = 0.002; r = 0.824, p < 0.001; r = 0.677, p = 0.031). In PAs, positive correlation was found between nuclear expression of Snail1 and membrane expression of E-cadherin (r = 0.634; p = 0.003), as well as between nuclear expression of Snail1 and Twist1 (r = 0.580; p = 0.007). Negative correlations were detected between membrane expression of E-cadherin and cytoplasmic expression of Snail1 in AdCCas (r = - 0.489; p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: E-cadherin, Twist1, and Snail1 may participate in modulating events related to cell differentiation and adhesion in PAs and to biological behavior in AdCCas and CaexPAs, which indicates the involvement of EMT in these processes. Furthermore, the expression of these proteins in these carcinomas may reflect the plasticity feature of EMT.
Asunto(s)
Adenoma Pleomórfico , Cadherinas , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Proteínas Nucleares , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail , Proteína 1 Relacionada con Twist , Humanos , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail/metabolismo , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Proteína 1 Relacionada con Twist/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/patología , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Adulto , Adenoma Pleomórfico/metabolismo , Adenoma Pleomórfico/patología , Anciano , Factores de Transcripción Twist/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the immunohistochemical expression of YAP and its correlation with markers involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. STUDY DESIGN: The sample consisted of 95 cases of odontogenic lesions (25 dentigerous cysts, 30 non-syndromic odontogenic keratocysts, 30 conventional ameloblastomas, and 10 unicystic ameloblastomas) and 10 dental follicles used as normal odontogenic tissue. The histological sections were submitted to immunohistochemistry with YAP, cyclin D1, Ki-67, and Bcl-2 antibodies. Immunoexpression was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using an adapted method. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and statistically (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: The highest YAP expression was observed in odontogenic keratocysts, followed by unicystic ameloblastomas and conventional ameloblastomas, which exhibited moderate immunoreactivity predominantly in peripheral cells. Furthermore, significant differences in YAP immunoexpression were observed between the groups analyzed, with significant positive correlations between YAP and cyclin D1 in dentigerous cysts and unicystic ameloblastomas and between YAP and Ki-67 in unicystic ameloblastomas (p < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant correlations between YAP and Bcl-2 immunoexpression in the groups studied. CONCLUSION: YAP may influence epithelial cell proliferation in odontogenic cysts and tumors, suggesting its possible participation in the progression of the odontogenic lesions studied.
RESUMEN
RESUMO Objetivo. Analisar as tendências de incidência e mortalidade por COVID-19 no Brasil, nas unidades da federação e nas capitais. Método. Realizou-se um estudo ecológico com dados de incidência e de mortalidade por COVID-19 referentes ao período de 25 de fevereiro de 2020 (primeiro caso notificado no Brasil) a 31 de julho de 2021. Os dados foram agrupados por mês para cálculo das taxas brutas (por 100 000 habitantes) e avaliação das tendências temporais das unidades da federação e de suas capitais. As modificações significativas nas tendências temporais foram analisadas pelo método de regressão por joinpoint. Resultados. Foram identificadas duas ondas de novos casos e óbitos. As unidades da federação com as maiores taxas de incidência foram Amapá, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia e Roraima; Amazonas e Rondônia tiveram as maiores taxas de mortalidade. Em geral, as taxas de incidência e mortalidade foram piores na segunda onda. Na primeira onda, a média de meses até o início de uma redução de casos novos foi maior nas capitais, enquanto na segunda onda, o início da redução demorou mais nos estados. Quanto aos óbitos, as capitais necessitaram de menos tempo para apresentar redução tanto na primeira quanto na segunda onda. Conclusão. A heterogeneidade regional detectada reforça a ideia de que a incidência e a mortalidade por COVID-19 estão associadas a fatores políticos, geográficos, culturais, sociais e econômicos.
ABSTRACT Objective. To analyze the incidence and mortality trends from COVID-19 in Brazil as well as in federation units and their capitals. Method. An ecological study was performed using COVID-19 incidence and mortality data covering the period from 25 February 2020 (first case recorded in Brazil) to 31 July 2021. Data were grouped by month for calculation of crude rates (by 100 000 population) and assessment of time trends in federation units and capitals. Significant changes in time trends were analyzed by joinpoint regression. Results. Two waves of new cases and deaths were identified. The highest incidence rates were recorded in the states of Amapá, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia, and Roraima. The states of Amazonas and Rondônia had the highest mortality rates. In general, incidence and mortality rates were worse in the second wave. In the first wave, the mean number of months until the onset of reduction in new cases was higher in capitals, whereas in the second wave the onset of reduction in new cases took longer in the federation units. The decline in mortality began earlier in capital cities in both waves. Conclusion. The regional differences detected underscore the notion that COVID-19 incidence and mortality are associated with political, geographic, cultural, social, and economic factors.
RESUMEN Objetivo. Analizar las tendencias de la incidencia de COVID-19 y la mortalidad por esta enfermedad en Brasil (unidades federativas y capitales). Método. Se realizó un estudio ecológico con datos sobre incidencia de COVID-19 y la mortalidad por esta enfermedad en el período comprendido entre el 25 de febrero del 2020 (fecha del primer caso notificado en Brasil) y el 31 de julio del 2021. Los datos se agruparon por mes para calcular las tasas brutas (por 100 000 habitantes) y evaluar las tendencias temporales observadas en las unidades federativas y sus capitales. Las modificaciones significativas en las tendencias temporales se analizaron con el método de regresión de punto de inflexión (joinpoint). Resultados. Se identificaron dos olas de casos nuevos y muertes. Las unidades federativas con las mayores tasas de incidencia fueron Amapá, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia y Roraima; Amazonas y Rondônia tuvieron las mayores tasas de mortalidad. En general, la incidencia y la mortalidad fueron peores en la segunda ola. En la primera ola, el promedio de meses transcurridos hasta que empezó a reducirse el número de casos nuevos fue mayor en las capitales, mientras que, en la segunda ola, fue mayor en los estados. En ambas olas, el número de muertes se redujo en menos tiempo en las capitales. Conclusión. La heterogeneidad regional detectada refuerza la idea de que la incidencia de la COVID-19 y la mortalidad por esta enfermedad guardan relación con factores políticos, geográficos, culturales, sociales y económicos.
RESUMEN
Tooth calcification begins during the intrauterine life and is related to the nutritional status of fetus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental calcification status of 15 low-weight human fetuses aged from the 14th to 28th weeks of intrauterine life through radiographic analyses and von Kossa histochemical technique, which is specific to the detection of calcium and other mineral salts in tissues. After dissection of jaws, the mandibles were submitted to lateral and occlusal radiographies. Three mm thick slide sections of jaws samples were stained by conventional and von Kossa methods. As results, radiographic analysis did not exhibit any suggestive image of tooth mineralization, although rudiments of mandibular ossification could be noted. Hematoxilin and eosin sections revealed tooth germs in advanced phases of odontogenesis, but relative delay in tooth development was observed. The von Kossa staining did not show any positivity to the deposition of mineral salts in tooth germs from maxilla and mandible, supporting our findings related to the delay of dental development that was found in studied sample. Hence, we suggest that there is relation between the fetal low-weight and the calcification and maturation status of teeth.
La calcificación del diente comienza durante la vida intrauterina y se relaciona con el estado nutricional del feto. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el estado de calcificación dental de 15 fetos humanos de bajo peso entre las 14 y 28 semanas de vida intrauterina mediante análisis radiográficos y técnica histoquímica von Kossa, específica para la detección de calcio y otras sales minerales en los tejidos. Después de su disección, las mandíbulas fueron sometidas a radiografías laterales y oclusales. Secciones de 3 mm de espesor de las mandibulas fueron teñidas con la técnica Von Kossa. El análisis radiográfico no mostró ninguna imagen sugerente de mineralización dentaria, aunque rudimentos de la osificación mandibular podrían tenerse en cuenta. Las secciones de H-E revelaron la presencia de los gérmenes dentarios en las fases avanzadas de odontogénesis, pero con un retraso relativo en el desarrollo normal. La tinción de von Kossa no mostró positividad a la deposición de sales minerales en gérmenes dentarios, lo que apoya nuestros hallazgos relacionados con el retraso de desarrollo dental que se encontró en la muestra estudiada. Se sugiere que existe relación entre el bajo peso del feto y el estado de calcificación y maduración de los dientes.