Comparative Study of Diluted Hydrogen Peroxide and Sulfur Hexafluoride in the Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Assessment of Anal Fistulas.

BACKGROUND: Endoanal ultrasound for the diagnosis of anal fistulas requires the injection of hydrogen peroxide, but it is often uncomfortable for the patient and possesses potential complications. Novel ultrasound contrast is currently available. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of sulfur hexafluoride as an ultrasound contrast agent for the diagnosis of perianal fistula by comparing it with those of 50% diluted hydrogen peroxide. DESIGN: Double-blind superiority study with 4 consecutive visits to perform an ultrasound without contrast, a hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound, a sulfur hexafluoride-enhanced ultrasound and a rectal exploration in the operating room (the gold standard). The ultrasound images were independently reviewed by three expert surgeon sonographers. CLINICAL SETTING: This study was conducted at a single university hospital. PATIENTS: Data from 176 patients were evaluated. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic and exploratory data and the ultrasound findings related to the location of the internal fistula orifice, description of the primary and secondary tracts, and presence of cavities and sphincter defects were analyzed. The complications occurring before and after the contrast agent administration and the presence of pain measured using a score were considered. RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients were included (men: 71.5%; mean age: 48.3 years).62.5% had a complex type and 83.7% had a transsphincteric type. Sulfur hexafluoride-enhanced ultrasounds demonstrated a higher interobserver agreement in determining the secondary tracts (κ= 0.604) and anal fistula height (κ=0.604) compared with other methods. Both hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound (90.91%) and sulfur hexafluoride-enhanced ultrasound (89.77%) detected the internal orifice more frequently than ultrasounds without contrast (62.5%) (p < 0.001),with no differences between contrast agents (p = 0.810). Sulfur hexafluoride-enhanced ultrasound were less painful than peroxide-enhanced ultrasound (p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Most of the patients had transsphincteric anal fistulas. CONCLUSIONS: Sulfur hexafluoride proved comparable to hydrogen peroxide in evaluating fistulous tracts and identifying the internal orifice and additionally reduced significantly pain and discomfort. Furthermore, demonstrated a higher interobserver agreement in determining the secondary tracts and anal fistula height compared with other methods. See Video Abstract.

Refining Risk Criteria May Substantially Reduce Unnecessary Additional Surgeries after Local Resection of T1 Colorectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND: The low positive predictive value for lymph node metastases (LNM) of common practice risk criteria (CPRC) in T1 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) leads to manyunnecessary additional surgeries following local resection. This study aimed to identify criteria that may improve on the CPRC. METHODS: Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association of diverse variables with LNM or 'poor outcome' (LNM and/or distant metastases and/or recurrence) in a single center T1 CRC cohort. The diagnostic capacity of the set of variables obtained was compared with that of the CPRC. RESULTS: The study comprised 161 cases. Poorly differentiated clusters (PDC) and tumor budding grade > 1 (TB > 1) were the only independent variables associated with LNM. The area under the curve (AUC) for these criteria was 0.808 (CI 95% 0.717-0.880) compared to 0.582 (CI 95% 0.479-0.680) for CPRC. TB > 1 and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were independently associated with 'poor outcome', with an AUC of 0.801 (CI 95% 0.731-0.859), while the AUC for CPRC was 0.691 (CI 95% 0.603-0.752). TB > 1, combined either with PDC or LVI, would reduce false positives between 41.5% and 45% without significantly increasing false negatives. CONCLUSIONS: Indicating additional surgery in T1 CRC only when either TB > 1, PDC, or LVI are present could reduce unnecessary surgeries significantly.

Universal Features of Entanglement Entropy in the Honeycomb Hubbard Model.

The entanglement entropy is a unique probe to reveal universal features of strongly interacting many-body systems. In two or more dimensions these features are subtle, and detecting them numerically requires extreme precision, a notoriously difficult task. This is especially challenging in models of interacting fermions, where many such universal features have yet to be observed. In this Letter we tackle this challenge by introducing a new method to compute the Rényi entanglement entropy in auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo simulations, where we treat the entangling region itself as a stochastic variable. We demonstrate the efficiency of this method by extracting, for the first time, universal subleading logarithmic terms in a two-dimensional model of interacting fermions, focusing on the half-filled honeycomb Hubbard model at T=0. We detect the universal corner contribution due to gapless fermions throughout the Dirac semi-metal phase and at the Gross-Neveu-Yukawa critical point, where the latter shows a pronounced enhancement depending on the type of entangling cut. Finally, we observe the universal Goldstone mode contribution in the antiferromagnetic Mott insulating phase.

Consenso Baiona sobre Incontinencia Fecal: Asociación Española de Coloproctología / Baiona's Consensus Statement for Fecal Incontinence. Spanish Association of Coloproctology

La incontinencia fecal (IF) constituye un importante problema sanitario, tanto a nivel individual como para los diferentes sistemas de salud, lo que origina una preocupación generalizada para su resolución o, al menos, disminuir en lo posible los numerosos efectos indeseables que provoca, al margen del elevado gasto que ocasiona. Existen diferentes criterios relacionados con las pruebas diagnósticas a realizar, y lo mismo acontece con relación al tratamiento más adecuado, dentro de las numerosas opciones que han proliferado durante los últimos años, no siempre basadas en una rigurosa evidencia científica. Por dicho motivo, desde la Asociación Española de Coloproctología (AECP) nos propusimos elaborar un Consenso que sirviese de orientación a todos los profesionales sanitarios interesados en el problema, conscientes, no obstante, de que la decisión terapéutica debe tomarse de manera individualizada: características del paciente/experiencia del terapeuta. Para su elaboración optamos por la técnica de grupo nominal. Los niveles de evidencia y los grados de recomendación se establecieron de acuerdo a los criterios del Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Por otra parte, en cada uno de los ítems analizados se añadieron, de forma breve, recomendaciones de los expertos.(AU)

Faecal incontinence (FI) is a major health problem, both for individuals and for health systems. It is obvious that, for all these reasons, there is widespread concern for healing it or, at least, reducing as far as possible its numerous undesirable effects, in addition to the high costs it entails. There are different criteria for the diagnostic tests to be carried out and the same applies to the most appropriate treatment, among the numerous options that have proliferated in recent years, not always based on rigorous scientific evidence. For this reason, the Spanish Association of Coloproctology (AECP) proposed to draw up a Consensus to serve as a guide for all health professionals interested in the problem, aware, however, that the therapeutic decision must be taken on an individual basis: patient characteristics/experience of the care team. For its development it was adopted the Nominal Group Technique methodology. The Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation were established according to the criteria of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. In addition, expert recommendations were added briefly to each of the items analysed.(AU)

Odd Nonlinear Conductivity under Spatial Inversion in Chiral Tellurium.

Electrical transport in noncentrosymmetric materials departs from the well-established phenomenological Ohm's law. Instead of a linear relation between current and electric field, a nonlinear conductivity emerges along specific crystallographic directions. This nonlinear transport is fundamentally related to the lack of spatial inversion symmetry. However, the experimental implications of an inversion symmetry operation on the nonlinear conductivity remain to be explored. Here, we report on a large, nonlinear conductivity in chiral tellurium. By measuring samples with opposite handedness, we demonstrate that the nonlinear transport is odd under spatial inversion. Furthermore, by applying an electrostatic gate, we modulate the nonlinear output by a factor of 300, reaching the highest reported value excluding engineered heterostructures. Our results establish chiral tellurium as an ideal compound not just to study the fundamental interplay between crystal structure, symmetry operations and nonlinear transport; but also to develop wireless rectifiers and energy-harvesting chiral devices.

Baiona's Consensus Statement for Fecal Incontinence. Spanish Association of Coloproctology.

Faecal incontinence (FI) is a major health problem, both for individuals and for health systems. It is obvious that, for all these reasons, there is widespread concern for healing it or, at least, reducing as far as possible its numerous undesirable effects, in addition to the high costs it entails. There are different criteria for the diagnostic tests to be carried out and the same applies to the most appropriate treatment, among the numerous options that have proliferated in recent years, not always based on rigorous scientific evidence. For this reason, the Spanish Association of Coloproctology (AECP) proposed to draw up a consensus to serve as a guide for all health professionals interested in the problem, aware, however, that the therapeutic decision must be taken on an individual basis: patient characteristics/experience of the care team. For its development it was adopted the Nominal Group Technique methodology. The Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation were established according to the criteria of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. In addition, expert recommendations were added briefly to each of the items analysed.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Highest-Grade or Predominant Histological Differentiation of T1 Colorectal Cancer in Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Treatment guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC) suggest 2 classifications for histological differentiation-highest grade and predominant. However, the optimal predictor of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in T1 CRC remains unknown. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of the use of highest-grade or predominant differentiation on LNM determination in T1 CRC. METHODS: The study protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42023416971) and was published in OSF ( https://osf.io/TMAUN/ ) on April 13, 2023. We searched 5 electronic databases for studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of highest-grade or predominant differentiation to determine LNM in T1 CRC. The outcomes were sensitivity and specificity. We simulated 100 cases with T1 CRC, with an LNM incidence of 11.2%, to calculate the differences in false positives and negatives between the highest-grade and predominant differentiations using a bootstrap method. RESULTS: In 42 studies involving 41,290 patients, the differentiation classification had a pooled sensitivity of 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-0.24) and 0.06 (95% CI 0.04-0.09) ( P < 0.0001) and specificity of 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.96) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99) ( P < 0.0001) for the highest-grade and predominant differentiations, respectively. In the simulation, the differences in false positives and negatives between the highest-grade and predominant differentiations were 3.0% (range 1.6-4.4) and -1.3% (range -2.0 to -0.7), respectively. DISCUSSION: Highest-grade differentiation may reduce the risk of misclassifying cases with LNM as negative, whereas predominant differentiation may prevent unnecessary surgeries. Further studies should examine differentiation classification using other predictive factors.

Impacto de la pandemia sobre la actividad quirúrgica en cáncer colorrectal en España. Resultados de una encuesta nacional / Impact of the pandemic on surgical activity in colorectal cancer in Spain. Results of a national survey

Introducción: La pandemia ocasionada ha supuesto un impacto sobre la actividad quirúrgica en nuestros hospitales, afectando entre otros al cáncer colorrectal. Para el año 2020 se ha estimado que hasta un 75% de pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer colorrectal precisaría cirugía. No se disponen de datos objetivos del impacto que la pandemia ha tenido sobre la gestión de las listas de espera quirúrgicas. Hemos realizado una encuesta a todas las unidades de cirugía colorrectal con el objetivo de conocer el impacto sobre las listas de espera quirúrgicas por cáncer colorrectal. Método: Los responsables de las unidades de cirugía colorrectal a nivel nacional recibieron una encuesta (febrero-abril, 2020) con 8 preguntas divididas en 3 apartados: cese y fecha de parada de las cirugías por cáncer colorrectal, número de pacientes pendientes de tratamiento y uso de neoadyuvancia como recurso de demora. Resultados: Sesenta y siete unidades participaron (todas las comunidades representadas). El 79,1% realizaron algún tipo de cese de actividad (total 32,8%, parcial 46,3%) y no cese el 20,9%. El 65% ha usado o prolongado la neoadyuvancia en pacientes con cáncer rectal. El 40% ha intervenido, al menos, a 5 pacientes de urgencia por cáncer colorrectal. Se ha estimado que al menos se precisará de un mes de cirugía intensa para ponerse al día. Conclusiones: En el momento actual es preciso redistribuir pacientes de unidades con alta lista de espera. Para el futuro, en caso de repandemia, habría que planificar los recursos de las unidades para obtener un programa efectivo antes del periodo de colapso completo. (AU)

Introduction: The pandemic has had an impact on colorectal cancer surgery in hospitals. In 2020, up to 75% of colorectal cancer patients are estimated to require surgery. No objective data on the impact of the pandemic on the management of surgical waiting lists is available. We conducted a survey in colorectal surgery units to assess the impact on colorectal cancer surgery waiting lists. Method: All personnel in charge of colorectal surgery units nationwide received a survey (from February to April, 2020) with eight questions divided into three sections—cessation date of colorectal cancer surgeries, number of patients waiting for treatment, and use of neoadjuvant therapy to postpone surgery. Results: Sixty-seven units participated in the study, with 79.1% of units ceasing some type of activity (32.8% total and 46.3% partial cessation) and 20.9% continuing all surgical activity. In addition, 65% of units used or prolonged neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer patients and 40% of units performed at least five emergency colorectal cancer surgeries. It was estimated that at least one month of intense surgical activity will be required to catch up. Conclusions: Currently, patients from units with a long waiting list must be redistributed, at least within the country. In the future, in the event of a second wave of the pandemic, an effective program to manage each unit's resources should be developed to prevent total collapse. (AU)

Incontinencia fecal en el paciente anciano. Revisión de conjunto / Fecal incontinence in older patients. A narrative review

La incontinencia fecal representa una de las principales causas de institucionalización en las últimas décadas de la vida de una persona, asociando además gran repercusión psicosocial y económica. La literatura muestra escasa evidencia cuando se trata de analizar de forma específica a este grupo de población, debido a la falta de uniformidad en la consideración de «paciente anciano» y en la dificultad de su detección y diagnóstico. El objetivo de este artículo ha sido realizar una revisión narrativa de los principales aspectos relacionados con la incontinencia fecal en el anciano y facilitar el manejo de estos pacientes. La asistencia para la defecación, las modificaciones dietéticas y el control de la consistencia de las deposiciones o el tratamiento farmacológico son en muchos casos medidas suficientes. No obstante, otras terapias como el biofeedback, la neuromodulación o el tratamiento quirúrgico no deben descartarse y han de ser valoradas de forma selectiva en pacientes ancianos

Fecal incontinence is one of the leading causes for the institutionalization of people in the last decades of life, associated with a great psychosocial and economic burden. The literature is scarce in this population group, due to the absence of universally accepted criteria to define "elderly patients" and difficulties in detection and diagnostic. The aim of this article was to conduct a narrative review of the main aspects related to fecal incontinence in older patients, providing management support. Toileting assistance, dietary change, controlling stool consistency and medical treatment can be used to treat these patients. Nevertheless, other therapies, such as biofeedback, neuromodulation or surgical treatment, can be considered in selected patients

Proteína C reactiva como predictor de fuga anastomótica en cirugía colorrectal. Comparación entre cirugía abierta y laparoscópica / C reactive protein as a predictor of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery. Comparison between open and laparoscopic surgery

Introducción: La fuga anastomótica (FA) es una complicación seria en cirugía colorrectal, dado que conlleva un aumento de la morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio prospectivo no aleatorizado es determinar si la proteína C reactiva (PCR) es útil como predictor de FA en pacientes intervenidos por vía laparoscópica versus cirugía abierta. Métodos: Se incluyeron 168 pacientes intervenidos de manera electiva por enfermedad colorrectal. La PCR fue medida diariamente en los 5 primeros días del postoperatorio. Se analizaron las complicaciones y, especialmente, la FA. Resultados: Presentaron complicaciones 32 (45,7%) pacientes del abordaje abierto, 15 (18,7%) del laparoscópico y 12 (29,4%) en el grupo de convertidos a cirugía abierta (p = 0,002). Desarrollaron FA 9 pacientes del abordaje abierto, 5 de los del laparoscópico y ninguno del grupo que hubo que convertir (p = 0,15). Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas de los valores de PCR entre los 3 grupos (p = 0,03). Las curvas ROC mostraron un área bajo la curva (ABC) en el día 3 para el abordaje abierto y laparoscópico de 0,731 y 0,760, respectivamente. En el día 4 obtuvimos un ABC de 0,867 en el abierto y de 0,914 en el laparoscópico. Los puntos de corte en el día 4 fueron: en abierto 159,2 mg/L; sensibilidad 75%, especificidad 89% y valor predictivo negativo (VPN) de 96% (p < 0,001). En el laparoscópico fue de 67,3mg/L; sensibilidad 100%, especificidad 89,5% y VPN de 100% (p = 0,016). Conclusiones: La PCR en el cuarto día postoperatorio es útil para diagnosticar FA; se deben tener en cuenta los diferentes puntos de corte en función del abordaje quirúrgico utilizado (AU)

Introduction: Anastomotic leak (AL) is a serious complication in colorectal surgery due to its increase in morbidity and mortality. The aim of this prospective non-randomised study is to determine whether C-reactive Protein (CRP) is useful as a predictor of AL in patients undergoing open versus laparoscopic surgery. Methods: A total of 168 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery were included. CRP was measured daily during the first 5 postoperative days. Complications, specially AL, were analysed. Results: Following an open approach 32 patients (45.7%) presented complications, 15 (18.7%) in the laparoscopic group and 12 (29.4%) in the converted group (P=0.153). Following open surgery 9 patients experienced AL, 5 were detected in the laparoscopic group and none in those converted (P=0.153). There were significant differences in CRP values between the 3 groups (P=0.03). ROC Curves showed AUC for the open and laparoscopic approach of 0.731 and 0.760 respectively. On day 4 the AUC was 0.867 for the open group and 0.914 for the laparoscopic group. Cut-off points on day 4 were: Open: 159.2 mg/L; sensitivity 75%, specificity 89% and NPP 96% (P<0.001). Following laparoscopic surgery the cut-off point was 67.3%; sensitivity 100%, specificity 89.5% and NPP 100% (P=0.016). Conclusion: CRP on day 4 is useful to diagnose AL. Different cut-off values should be taken into account depending on the approach used (AU)

Enteropatía asociada a olmesartán con atrofia vellositaria en paciente con genotipo HLA-DQ2 y anticuerpos-antinucleares positivos / Sprue-like enteropathy associated with olmesartan in a patient with villous atrophy, HLA-DQ2 genotype and antinuclear antibodies

No disponible

Micrometástasis en ganglios peripancreáticos por carcinoma mamario en paciente con adenocarcinoma ductal pancreático / Peripancreatic lymph node micrometastases from a mammary carcinoma in a patient with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

No disponible

Miopatía vacuolar del esfínter anal interno como causa infrecuente de proctalgia fugaz y estreñimiento / Vacuolar internal anal sphincter myophaty as a rare cause of proctalgia fugax and constipation

No disponible

Tumores de células granulares múltiples en el tracto gastrointestinal / Multiple granular cell tumours of the gastrointestinal tract

Los tumores de células granulares (TCG) constituyen neoplasias que inusualmente afectan al tracto gastrointestinal. En el presente estudio describimos el caso de una mujer de 55 años de edad con TCG en el colon y el esófago con antecedentes de lesiones similares en partes blandas, piel y mama. El estudio por endoscopia reveló la presencia de lesiones nodulares submucosas en el colon sigmoide, el colon ascendente, el ciego y el esófago distal. Se realizó resección endoscópica y biopsia de las lesiones, demostrándose histológicamente la presencia de nódulos con abundantes células de apariencia histiocítica con abundante citoplasma eosinofílico y granular (PAS positivo), núcleo pequeño con ausencia de nucléolos. No se observó mitosis, pleomorfismo ni necrosis. El estudio inmunohistoquímico reveló positividad intensa en las células tumorales para S100, CD56, enolasa neuronal específica, inhibina y PGP9.5, siendo negativas para actina de músculo liso y p53. El índice de proliferación celular (Ki-67) fue muy bajo, del 1%. Considerando los hallazgos anatomopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos las lesiones fueron clasificadas como TCG benignos. En el momento actual se recomienda la resección endoscópica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los TCG submucosos, teniendo en cuenta que la contrapartida maligna de estos tumores es extremadamente rara en el tracto gastrointestinal (AU)

Granular cell tumours (GCTs) are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tract. We describe a case of a 55-year-old woman with GCTs in colon and oesophagus and a previous history of similar lesions in subcutaneous tissue, skin and breast. Endoscopic examination revealed submucosal tumours in the sigmoid and ascending colon, cecum and distal oesophagus. Endoscopicmucosal resection and biopsy followed by histological examination revealed the nodulesto be composed of plump histiocyte-like cells with abundant eosinophilic, granular, PAS positive cytoplasm with small nuclei lacking nucleoli. No mitosis, pleomorphism or necrosis were observed. The immunohistochemistry revealed strong positivity for S100, CD56, neuronal specific enolase, inhibin and PGP9.5 in the tumour cells, which were negative for smooth muscle actin and p53. Ki-67 showed a very low proliferation index (1%). The morphological and immunohistochemical findings led to a diagnosis of benign GCTs. At present, endoscopic mucosal resection is recommended for the diagnosis and treatment of submucosal GCTs, as their malignant counterpart is extremely rare in gastrointestinal tract (AU)

Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado: cirugía laparoscópica con asistencia robótica versus cirugía laparoscópica convencional en la resección del cáncer colorrectal / Prospective randomised study: robotic-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic surgery in colorectal cancer resection

Introducción La cirugía robótica está tomando protagonismo en los últimos años en el abordaje de la dolencia oncológica colorrectal. Sin embargo, no existen todavía estudios que muestren ventajas objetivas de este tipo de abordaje. Presentamos un estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado cuyo objetivo es comparar los resultados a corto plazo entre la cirugía robótica y la cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal. Material y método Entre enero de 2008 y enero de 2009, 56 pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer colorrectal fueron aleatorizados y asignados al grupo de cirugía robótica o laparoscópica. Se compararon la edad, el índice de masa corporal, la localización tumoral, las conversiones de cada grupo, las complicaciones intra- y postoperatorias y las características histológicas de las piezas obtenidas. Resultados No hubo diferencias significativas en la edad (p=0,055), el índice de masa corporal (p=0,12), o la localización tumoral (p=0,91). Sólo un paciente precisó ser transfundido en el grupo robótico y ninguno en el grupo laparoscópico. El porcentaje de conversiones fue idéntico en ambos grupos, sin embargo el tiempo de preparación y el tiempo operatorio sí fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes intervenidos mediante el dispositivo robótico (p=0,0001 y p=0,017 respectivamente). No existieron diferencias en cuanto al índice de complicaciones ni el porcentaje de reintervenciones (14,2% y 7,1%). La estancia media de los pacientes fue de 9,3±8,1 días en el grupo robótico y de 9,2±6,8 días en el laparoscópico (p=0,79). El margen distal de resección fue mayor en el espécimen obtenido mediante cirugía robótica (p=0,003) así como el número de ganglios obtenidos de la pieza (p=0,23) (AU)

Introduction: Robotic-assisted surgery is playing an increasingly important role in the last few years in the treatment of colorectal oncological disease. However, there are still no studies that objectively demonstrate the advantages of this type of surgery. We present a prospective randomised study in order to compare the short-term results between colorectal robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery. Material and method: A total of 56 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between January2008 and January 2009, were randomised and assigned to the robotic or laparoscopic group. Age, body mass index, tumour location, conversions in each group, complications during and after surgery, and histological characteristics of the specimens obtained, were all compared. Results: There were no significant differences between age (P=.055), body mass index (P=.12),or tumour location (P=.91). Only one patient in the robotic group required a transfusion and none in the laparoscopic group. The percentage of conversions was the same in both groups, however, the preparation times and operating times were significantly longer in patients intervened using the robotic device (P=.0001 and P=.017, respectively). There were no differences as regards the rate of complications or in the percentage of re-interventions(14.2% and 7.1%). The mean hospital stay of the patients was 9.3 (8.1) days in the robotic group and 9.2 (6.8) days in the laparoscopic (P=.79). The distal resection margin was greater in the specimen obtained using robotic surgery (P =.003) as well as the number of lymphnodes obtained in the specimen (P =.23).Conclusion: Robotic colorectal was performed safely and effectively, and with similar clinical results (AU)

Características de los pacientes con poliposis adenomatosa familiar en España. Resultados iniciales del Registro Español de Poliposis Adenomatosa Familiar / Characteristics of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis in Spain. First results of the Spanish Registry of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Fundamento y objetivos: La poliposis adenomatosa familiar es una enfermedad hereditaria caracterizada por la presencia de múltiples adenomas en el colon y el recto (más de 100 en la forma clásica, y entre 10–100 en la forma atenuada), con un riesgo de cáncer colorrectal cercano al 100% si no se diagnostica y se trata de forma precoz. Con el objetivo de mejorar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de estos pacientes en nuestro medio, en el año 2007 se creó el Registro Español de Poliposis Adenomatosa Familiar.Evaluar las características clinicopatológicas de los pacientes con poliposis adenomatosa familiar en España. Pacientes y métodos:Se evaluaron los pacientes incluidos en el registro durante el primer año de operatividad de este, en relación con las características demográficas, clínicas y genéticas.Resultados: En el período de estudio se incluyeron 243 pacientes pertenecientes a 156 familias no relacionadas procedentes de 15 centros. De estos, 130 eran hombres y la edad media al diagnóstico fue de 40 años. De acuerdo con la forma de presentación, 127 correspondían a la forma clásica y 116 correspondían a la forma atenuada. Se identificó la presencia de algún adenoma colorrectal con displasia de alto grado en 67 pacientes (28%), y de cáncer colorrectal en 42 pacientes (17%). Las manifestaciones extracolónicas fueron afectación duodenal (n=46), afectación gástrica (n=44), tumor desmoides (n=24), cáncer de tiroides (n=8), osteomas (n=6) y tumor cerebral (n=1). Se indicó la realización de análisis mutacional en los genes APC o MYH en 140 familias (90%): se completó en 85 de ellas, y se identificó la mutación causal en 75 familias (88%) (70 en el gen APC y 5 en el gen MYH) (AU)

Background and objectives: Familial adenomatous polyposis is an inherited disorder characterized by the presence of multiple colorectal adenomas (more than 100 in the classic form and between 10 and 100 in the attenuated one), with a high risk of colorectal cancer development. To improve the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these patients, the Spanish Registry of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis was created in 2007.We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis in Spain. Patients and methods: All patients included in the Registry during one year were evaluated with respect to their demographic, clinical, pathological, and genetic characteristics.Results: 243 patients of 156 unrelated families from 15 Spanish centers were included. One hundred thirty patients were male, and the mean age at diagnosis was 40 years. According to the clinical presentation, 127 corresponded to the classic form and 116 to the attenuated one. Colorectal adenoma with high-grade dysplasia was identified in 67 (28%) patients, and colorectal cancer in 42 (17%). Extracolonic manifestations were: duodenal involvement (n=46), gastric involvement (n=44), desmoid tumors (n=24), thyroid cancer (n=8), osteomas (n=6) and brain tumor (n=1). APC and/or MYH gene testing was performed in 140 (90%) families, detecting the causative mutation in 75 (54%) of them (70 in the APC gene and 5 in the MYH gene).Conclusions: During its first year of operability, a large number of patients and families were included in the Registry. The reduced prevalence of colorectal cancer as well as the large proportion of families submitted to gene testing demonstrated a high-quality clinical practice in Spain (AU)

Fístula del conducto torácico. Tratamiento médico con octreótida / Chyle fistula. Medical management with octreotide

La fístula del conducto torácico en una complicación poco frecuente tras la cirugía cervical. El primer escalón terapéutico es el tratamiento médico, con un adecuado drenaje y mediante medidas dietéticas. El uso de la octreótida en el tratamiento de la fístula quilosa es novedoso, y los casos comunicados son anecdóticos. Aportamos un nuevo caso en que el tratamiento con octreótida fue efectivo en el tratamiento de la lesión del conducto torácico y el cierre temprano de la fístula, con mínimos efectos secundarios. Este tratamiento permite reducir la estancia hospitalaria y la morbilidad del paciente. Creemos necesarios estudios posteriores que confirmen estos hallazgos (AU)

Chyle fistula is an infrequent complication after neck surgery. The first line treatment is medical management, with adequate drainage and appropriate nutritional modifications. The use of octreotide in the treatment of chyle fistula is a novel approach that has been documented in only a few cases. We report a new case of thoracic duct injury effectively treated by octreotide, leading to an early decrease in drainage and early fistula closure with minimal adverse effects. This therapy may reduce length of hospital stay and morbidity. Further studies are required to confirm this observation (AU)