Headache in long COVID as disabling condition: A clinical approach.

Background and purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can exacerbate previous headache disorders or change the type of pain experienced from headaches. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of Long COVID headaches. Method: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical observational study that included 102 patients (with previous headache, n = 50; without previous headache, n = 52) with long COVID and headache complaints. The Migraine Disability Assessment Test and Visual Analog Pain Scale were used to collect participants' headache data according to a standardized protocol. Results: The patients in this study who reported experiencing headaches before COVID-19 had longer headache duration in the long COVID phase than that in the pre-long COVID phase (p = 0.031), exhibited partial improvement in headache symptoms with analgesics (p = 0.045), and had a duration of long COVID of <1 year (p = 0.030). Patients with moderate or severe disability and those classified as having severe headaches in the long COVID phase were highly likely to develop chronic headaches. Hospital admission [odds ratio (OR) = 3.0082; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.10-8.26], back pain (OR = 4.0017; 95% CI: 1.13-14.17), insomnia (OR = 3.1339; 95% CI: 1.39-7.06), and paraesthesia (OR = 2.7600; 95% CI: 1.20-6.33) were associated with headache in these patients. Conclusion: Headache is a disabling condition in patients with long COVID-19, exacerbating the conditions of those with headaches prior to contracting COVID-19.

Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of neuropathic pain in leprosy patients: A prospective cross-sectional study.

Introduction Neuropathic pain is a common and disabling late complication of leprosy. We investigated the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of neuropathic pain in leprosy patients by evaluating nerve conduction, sympathetic skin response (SSR) and A-waves. Methods Twenty one leprosy patients with neuropathic pain validated by the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 (DN4)Questionnaire were selected for study. Pain intensity was measured by the visual analog scale. Demographic and clinical data were collected for all patients. Clinical data included appraisal of the median, ulnar, radial, tibial and common peroneal nerves, assessment of the sympathetic skin response and conventional electrophysiological recordings. Results Among all electroneuromyographic presentations, multifocal mononeuropathy was still the most prevalent. Sensory loss was observed more frequently than motor deficits. As most patients presented advanced clinical forms of leprosy and were under treatment, this high mean was found and the ulnar nerve was most frequently affected. The sympathetic skin response was absent in 16 patients. Higher DN4 Questionnaire scores were observed in women and in those receiving corticosteroid therapy. These inferences are possible to be made, but our study's limitations don't allow us to be certain about it. The statistical significance found only permits us to evidence what we related on the textual part of the study. Limitations The small number of patients studied, the lack of sophisticated diagnostic methods for leprosy, as well as the difficulties in assessing nerve conduction were the main limitations of this study. Conclusion The neurophysiological and clinical findings in leprous neuropathy were modest despite the conspicuous neuropathic pain. Although electrophysiological studies are a vital tool to verify nerve damage, variations in the clinical presentation of leprosy neuropathic pain render the diagnosis challenging. Further studies are needed to describe the neurophysiological evolution of this disease.

Vasculitis-related stroke in young as a presenting feature of novel coronavirus disease (COVID19) - Case report.

COVID-19 is the disease caused by Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection and world current main public health problem, due to its easy transmissibility and multiple clinical presentations. The main symptoms reported worldwide are dry cough, dyspnea, and fever, as well as anosmia and ageusia. COVID-19 diagnosis is made with RT-PCR, but many other complementary exams may be used to guide clinical practice, such as Chest Computerized Tomography (CT), showing ground glass opacities; increase in inflammatory markers, as C-Reactive Protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; hemogram might show hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytopenia. Severe cases may evolve to thromboembolic and atheroembolic events, leading to stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary thromboembolism. Male, 28 years old, went for neurological appointment after presenting episode of intense headache, dysarthria, deviation of lip rhyme on appointment's eve. Previously healthy, no comorbidities or risk factors. Underwent brain MRI and serum serological analysis. SARS-CoV-2 capacity of affecting brain homeostasis by breaking blood-brain barrier, makes it easier to develop ischemic or inflammatory damage, and invading central nervous system. Neurological symptoms and syndromes are the main consequences of COVID-19 pandemic and must be prevented through adequate clinical management.