Analytical Study of (Ag-Graphene)/Blood Hybrid Nanofluid Influenced by (Platelets-Cylindrical)nanoparticles and Joule Heating via VIM.

Applications: Flow-through permeable media have a wide range of applications in biomedical engineering, geophysical fluid dynamics, and recovery and refinement of underground reservoirs and large-scale chemical applications such as filters, catalysts, and adsorbents. Therefore, this study on a nanoliquid in a permeable channel is conducted under physical constraints. Purpose and Methodology: The key purpose of this research is to introduce a new biohybrid nanofluid model (BHNFM) with (Ag-G)hybridnanoparticles with additional significant physical effects of quadratic radiation, resistive heating, and magnetic field. The flow configuration is set between the expanding/contracting channels, which has broad applications, especially in biomedical engineering. The modified BHNFM was achieved after the implementation of the bitransformative scheme, and then to obtain physical results of the model, the variational iteration method was applied. Core Findings: Based on a thorough observation of the presented results, it is determined that the biohybrid nanofluid (BHNF) is more effective than mono-nano BHNFs in controlling fluid movement. The desired fluid movement for practical purposes can be achieved by varying the wall contraction number (α1 = -0.5, -1.0, -1.5, -2.0) and with stronger magnetic effects (M = 1.0,9.0,17.0,25.0). Furthermore, increasing the number of pores on the surface of the wall causes the BHNF particles to move very slowly. The temperature of the BHNF is affected by the quadratic radiation (Rd), heating source (Q1), and temperature ratio number (θr), and this is a dependable approach to acquire a significant amount of heat. The findings of the current study can aid in a better understanding of parametric predictions in order to produce exceptional heat transfer in BHNFs and suitable parametric ranges to control fluid flow inside the working area. The model results would also be useful for individuals working in the fields of blood dynamics and biomedical engineering.

Investigation of blood flow characteristics saturated by graphene/CuO hybrid nanoparticles under quadratic radiation using VIM: study for expanding/contracting channel.

The importance of heat transfer in nanoliquids cannot avoided because it playing crucial role in the applied research fields. The potential area of applications included but restricted to applied thermal, biomedical, mechanical and chemical engineering. Therefore, it is the need of time to introduce new efficient way to enhance the heat transport rate in common fluids. The major aim of this research is to develop a new heat transport BHNF (Biohybrid Nanofluid Model) model in a channel having expanding/contracting walls up to Newtonian regimes of blood. The two sort of nanomaterials (Graphene + CuO) along with blood as base solvent are taken for the formation of working fluid. After that, the model analyzed via VIM (Variational Iteration Method) to examine the influence of involved physical parameters on the behavior of bionanofluids. The model results revealed that the bionanofluids velocity rises towards the lower and upper channel end when the expanding/contracting of the walls in the range of 0.1-1.6 (expanding case) and [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] (contraction case). The working fluid attained high velocity in the neighboring of center portion of the channel. By increasing the walls permeability ([Formula: see text]), the fluid movement can be reduced and optimum decrement observed about [Formula: see text]. Further, inclusion of thermal radiation (Rd) and temperature coefficient ([Formula: see text]) observed good to enhance thermal mechanism in both hybrid and simple bionanofluids. The present ranges of Rd and [Formula: see text] considered from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], respectively. Thermal boundary layer reduced in the case of simple bionanoliquid keeping [Formula: see text].

Clinical efficacy of certain Unani herbs in knee osteoarthritis: A pretest and post-test evaluation study.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of preparations of certain Unani herbs on Lequesne Algo-Functional Index of knee osteoarthritis (OA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, pre- and post test evaluation study was conducted on 20 diagnosed patients of OA recruited from the Nizamia General Hospital, Hyderabad. Internally, a combination (formula) of Unani herbs was administered, which was as follows: 3.5 g powder of Asarun (2 g), Tukhme karafs (2 g), and Filfil daraz (3 g) was administered internally twice daily. Externally, the concoction of Gule baboona (20 g) and Gule tesu (40 g) made in 1 l water was poured over the affected knee, daily once for 40 days. The primary outcome was to assess the efficacy of Unani test drugs with the modified Lequesne Algo-Functional Index for knee OA. RESULTS: The mean percentage reduction of Lequesne Algo-Functional Index score was 71.09%. The mean and standard deviation was 10.55 (1.70) and 3.05 (2.30) before treatment and after treatment, respectively. The pre- and post test evaluation showed reduction in Lequesne Algo-Functional Index score (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In this study, the Unani treatment module was found to be effective in reducing the severity of disease in patients with osteoarthritis of knees.

Conception in unilateral right tubal blockage with herbomineral formulations: a case report.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Infertility is a state of inability to conceive after unprotected intercourse for 1 year; it involves 1 in 6 couples in England. It is a complex problem with an incidence of 10%-15% and of these, 14% of infertilities are due to a tubal factor. The incidence of unilateral tubal blockage is 33%. Pregnancy can occur in unilateral tubal blockage. In the Unani system of medicine, many herbal drugs are used empirically for enhancing fertility. This case report was an effort to understand the role of Unani formulations in conception. This patient had unilateral tubal blockage and she was also resistant to clomiphene citrate. LOCATION: This study was performed in the Outpatient Department of the National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India. INTERVENTIONS: A 25-year-old female patient with primary infertility for 2½ years was diagnosed with unilateral tubal blockage. She was given Unani treatment with Hab hamal 1 tablet t.i.d. for 5 days from the seventh day of the menstrual cycle, Majoon hamal amberi alvi khani 5 g, and Majoon supari pak 5 g b.i.d. for 1 month from the seventh day of menstrual cycle for two consecutive cycles. OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was to observe the conception in the patient. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The patient conceived within 2 months of the treatment. These formulations might have assisted in conception as they are considered to have uterine tonic, vitalizer, and aphrodisiac properties in Unani medicine. Some of these drugs have been pharmacologically proved to assist in conception, such as Crocus sativus Linn, which is reported to improve fertility that may be attributed to crocetin and/or flavonoids. It is also reported that oysters, which contain zinc and calcium, might have been helped in enhancing fertility.

Do arthritic patients talk more?

BACKGROUND: The modification of speech properties in patients may indicate a more profound pathology. Ample research has been undertaken in relation to different demographic and genetic factors on arthritis but significant research on speech in arthritis had not been conducted globally. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of arthritis on the duration of speech in patients. METHOD: It was a randomised control trial conducted at Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar, Pakistan between the months of July and August 2010. Two groups of patients were randomised prospectively; 50 arthritic and 50 non-arthritic, seen in an Orthopaedic OPD. Six standard history questions were asked from each patient and the duration of speech was recorded with the help of a stopwatch. A standard Performa was filled for each participant recording his/her personal information, duration of symptoms, time taken to answer the history questions and a brief past history. The Student's t-test was used to compare the mean durations of speech between arthritic and non-arthritic patients whilst the ANOVA test was applied to compare the mean durations of speech amongst the different forms of arthritis. Pearson's correlation test and odds ratio were also used to check the association of different quantitative and qualitative variables. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation was deduced in that arthritic patients talked more than non-arthritic ones (p < 0.001). The other factors of age, sex, duration of symptoms and multiplicity of the pain had no influence on the time taken to talk. CONCLUSION: Arthritic patients speak for a significantly prolonged duration than non-arthritic ones.

Efficacy of hijamat bila shurt (dry cupping) on intensity of pain in dysmenorrhoea-a preliminary study.

Waje rehm (Dysmenorrhoea) means painful menstruation. Since ancient times, hijamat bila shurt (Dry cupping) is a method of treatment of for this disease. Therefore, objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the efficacy of hijamat bila shurt on intensity of pain in waje rehm by using Visual Analogue Scale for pain. It was conducted from May 2009 to July 2010 on 25 patients in National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore. Patients suffering from primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea with regular cycles, age group 12-37years were selected. For dry cupping, two glass cup of medium size were applied below the umbilicus for 15 minutes on day land/or day 2 of the menstrual phase for one cycle and pain intensity was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale score for pain before and after the treatment. The Mean and Standard Error Mean for pain intensity before and after the treatment was 6.48 (0.32) and 2.12 (0.32) respectively with P<0.001, considered significant. Thus, hijamat bila shurt was effective in reducing pain intensity in dysmenorrhoea.