Planificación anticipada de las decisiones en el distrito sanitario Córdoba y Guadalquivir, España / Advance planning decisions at Cordoba and Gualdaquivir Health District, Spain / Planejamento antecipado das decisões no distrito de saúde de Córdoba e Guadalquivir, Espanha

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar el conocimiento, actitud y planificación de la voluntad vital anticipada (VVA) en Atención Primaria, e identificar factores asociados. Material/Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal. Población diana: médicos y enfermeros adscritos a 15 Unidades de Gestión Clínica del Distrito Sanitario Córdoba-Guadalquivir (España). Muestreo: Multietápico cuya N=269. Instrumento: Cuestionario validado. Análisis estadístico: Descriptivo y bivariante de los datos obtenidos. Resultados: Edad media de los profesionales 51 años (Dt. 8,2) siendo mujeres el 60,9%. El 55,8% fueron médicos y el 79,3% propietarios. La puntuación media años de servicio fue 23,5 (Dt. 9,4). El 50,9% trabajaba en ámbito rural. La puntuación media del conocimiento fue 5,1 (Dt. 2,09). El 98,4 % considera que la VVA está regulada en Andalucía. El 56,9% no ha leído su documento y el 78,1% no ha leído la guía de planificación. El 65,6 no ubica el registro de VVA. El 89,3% no planifica en el último año; quien planifica lo hace <3 veces. El p-valor de la planificación es: (p=0,838) respecto del sexo; (p=0,521) edad; (p=0,841) ámbito de trabajo, (p=0,543) categoría profesional; (p=0,934) años de servicio; (p=0,210) tipo de contrato. Conclusiones: Pocos profesionales sanitarios planifican con el paciente la VVA, no identificándose factores independientes asociados al estudio.

Abstract: Objectives: Determine the knowledge, attitude and advance care planning in primary care and to identify associated factors. Material /Methods: Type of study: Cross-sectional multicentric study. Study population: Physicians and nurses of 15 Clinical Management Units at Cordoba-Guadalquivir Health District (Spain). Sampling: Multistage with N=269. Tools: Validated questionnaire. Analysis: Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were done. Results: Mean age of 51 years professional (SD 8.2) and 60.9% of them were women. About 55.8% of participants were physicians and 79.3% had permanent posts. Mean working years was 23.5 (SD 9.4) and about 50.9% of participants worked at rural areas. Mean knowledge score was 5.1 (SD 2.09). 98.4% believe early vital will is regulated in Andalusia. About 56.9% have not read the regulatory document and 78.1% have not read the planning guidebook. More than 65% don't know the corresponding registry office. 89.3% do not plan in the last year; who planned did that <3 times. The p value of planning is: (p = 0.838) about sex; (p = 0.521) age; (p = 0.841) scope of work, (p = 0.543) professional category; (p = 0.934) years of service; (p = 0.210) type of contract. Conclusions: Few medical practitioners plan with the patient. No independent study identifies factors.

Resumo: Objetivo: determinar o conhecimento, atitude e o planejamento da vontade vital antecipada (VVA) na atenção primária à saúde, e identificar fatores associados. Materiais /métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo transversal. População-alvo: médicos e enfermeiros pertencentes a 15 unidades de Gestão Clínica de Saúde do Distrito Sanitário Cordoba-Guadalquivir (Espanha). Amostragem: Multistage cujo N = 269. Instrumento: Questionário validado. Análise estatística: descritiva e bivariante dos dados obtidos. Resultados: a idade média dos profissionais é de 51 anos (DT. 8.2) sendo 60,9% a representação de mulheres. 55,8% foram médicos e 79.3% proprietários. A pontuação média foi de anos de serviço foi de 23,5 (DT. 9.4). 50,9% trabalhavam nas zonas rurais. A pontuação média de conhecimento foi de 5.1 (DT. 2.09). 98.4% considera que a VVA está regulamentada na Andaluzia. 56,9% não leu seu documento e 78,1% não leu o guia de planejamento. Os 65,6% não localizam o registro da VVA. 89,3% não planejam no último ano; quem planeja, o faz < 3 vezes. O p-valor do planejamento é: (p = 0, 838) em relação ao sexo; (p = 0, 521) idade; (p = 0, 841) âmbito de trabalho, (p = 0, 543) categoria profissional; (p = 0, 934) anos de serviço; (p = 0, 210) tipo de contrato. Conclusões: Poucos profissionais de saúde planejam a VVA com o paciente, não identificando fatores independentes associados com o estudo.

Economic (gross cost) analysis of systematically implementing a programme of advance care planning in three Irish nursing homes.

BACKGROUND: Although advance care planning (ACP) and the use of advanced care directives (ACD) and end-of-life care plans are associated with a reduction in inappropriate hospitalisation, there is little evidence supporting the economic benefits of such programmes. We assessed the economic impact (gross savings) of the Let Me Decide (LMD) ACP programme in Ireland, specifically the impact on hospitalisations, bed days and location of resident deaths, before and after systematic implementation of the LMD-ACP combined with a palliative care education programme. METHODS: The LMD-ACP was introduced into three long-term care (LTC) facilities in Southern Ireland and outcomes were compared pre and post implementation. In addition, 90 staff were trained in a palliative care educational programme. Economic analysis including probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS: The uptake of an ACD or end-of-life care post-implementation rose from 25 to 76%. Post implementation, there were statistically significant decreases in hospitalisation rates from baseline (hospitalisation incidents declined from 27.8 to 14.6%, z = 3.96, p < 0.001; inpatient hospital days reduced from 0.54 to 0.36%, z = 8.85, p < 0.001). The percentage of hospital deaths also decreased from 22.9 to 8.4%, z = 3.22, p = 0.001. However, length of stay (LOS) increased marginally (7-9 days). Economic analysis suggested a cost-reduction related to reduced hospitalisations ranging between €10 and €17.8 million/annum and reduction in ambulance transfers, estimated at €0.4 million/annum if these results were extrapolated nationally. When unit costs and LOS estimates were varied in scenario analyses, the expected cost reduction owing to reduced hospitalisations, ranged from €17.7 to €42.4 million nationally. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the LMD-ACP (ACD/end-of-life care plans combined with palliative care education) programme resulted in reduced rates of hospitalisation. Despite an increase in LOS, likely reflecting more complex care needs of admitted residents, gross costs were reduced and scenario analysis projected large annual savings if these results were extrapolated to the wider LTC population in Ireland.