Acute Affective Responses to Virtual Reality Exercise: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial.

Virtual reality (VR) exercise aims to offer positive affective and sensory experiences through an immersive experience rich in audiovisual stimuli. Notwithstanding, there is a paucity of large sample size studies comparing the acute effects of VR exercise compared with a matched exercise performed in a non-VR environment. The study compared the acute effects of a VR exercise session versus a matched non-VR exercise session in effect, pleasure, enjoyment, perceived exertion, and heart rate. This is a crossover randomized clinical trial. The time, difficulty, and exercise type of the non-VR exercise were matched to VR exercise. Before and immediately after each session, participants responded to the Borg's Perceived Exertion Scale, the Feeling Scale and the Felt Arousal Scale, and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. The analyses were conducted with Generalized Linear Models, Wilcoxon's, and T-test for paired samples. A total of 83 adults (40 females) aged 35.46 years were included in the study. Participants in the VR condition had a greater increase in affect (mean change difference = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83-1.06, P < 0.001), arousal (mean change difference = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.23-9.50, P < 0.001). The pleasure and enjoyment median after the VR session were higher. In conclusion, the immersive VR exercise was more strenuous, but resulted in a better affective response, greater pleasure, and enjoyment.

Affective Implications of Human-Animal Relationship on Pig Welfare: Integrating Non-Linear Heart Rate Variability Measures.

The human-animal relationship is crucial for animal welfare. Gentle handling enhances pigs' comfort while rough handling causes fear and stress. This study examined how different human-animal relationship qualities affect the behavior and heart rate variability (linear and non-linear parameters) of 36 nursery pigs. Over six weeks, pigs experienced positive (n = 12), minimal (n = 12), or negative (n = 12) human handling. Their responses to handlers were then assessed in an experimental arena with four phases: habituation, exposure to the handler standing and sitting, and forced interaction. Pigs subjected to negative handling exhibited increased fear-related behaviors, spending less time in contact with the handler. They also exhibited heightened stress responses, with greater LF/HF ratio and Lmean values compared with positively handled pigs. Conversely, gently handled pigs displayed affiliative behaviors, accepting more strokes, and higher parasympathetic activation, indicated by greater RMSSD/SDNN and SampEn values, suggesting a more positive affective state. Minimally handled pigs exhibited some behavioral similarities to gently handled pigs, although physiological data indicated that the interaction was likely more rewarding for the gently handled pigs. These results emphasize the impact of human-animal relationships on pig welfare and highlight the value of incorporating non-linear heart rate variability parameters in such evaluations.

The structure of depressive symptoms using CES-D and ZDS in outpatients in a general hospital in Lima, Peru.

BACKGROUND: Depression represents one of the leading causes of disability due to illness worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated the significant heterogeneity of the diagnosis of depression, making it necessary to develop new diagnostic approaches. Network analysis is a perspective that considers symptoms as constituents of the psychiatric disorder itself. The objective was to determine the structure of depressive symptoms using the CES-D and ZDS depression scales. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of secondary analysis of 194 patients using the CES-D and ZDS scales. Correlation matrices and regularised partial correlation networks were constructed from the database. Centrality measures were estimated, and a network stability analysis was performed. RESULTS: On the CES-D scale, the most central item was "Sad"; while on the ZDS scale, the most central items were "Sad" and "Live". On the CES-D scale, the connection between "Enjoy" and "Happy" was the strongest. On the ZDS scale, the strongest connection was between the items "Live" with "Useful". The item "Morning" was the least connected on the ZDS. CONCLUSIONS: The most central symptom from the CES-D scale was sadness, while from the ZDS scale, was sadness and anhedonia.

Navigating job satisfaction in family firms during crisis.

Occupational health is one of the aspects significantly affected during crisis periods. It is essential to learn about the factors that improve organizational capacity in coping with such shocks. This study investigates how the working environment of a family business influences job satisfaction during crises. Conducting a survey with 516 employees at the peak of the pandemic, the research utilizes structural equation analysis, revealing that family business environments can mitigate burnout, enhance affective commitment, and consequently, boost job satisfaction. The study highlights the need to manage burnout and utilize resources, such as employee commitment, for family firms to sustain job satisfaction amidst disruptions. It deepens the comprehension of family businesses' crisis response, emphasizing the significance of human resource commitment and management. The investigation illuminates the dynamic interplay between the work environment, employee well-being, and organizational resilience, providing valuable insights for both theoretical understanding and practical application.

Affective Behavioral Disturbances: An Interbehavioral Analysis / Alteraciones Afectivo-Conductuales: Un análisis interconductual

ABSTRACT Background: The progress of any science, such as psychology, is achieved not only by accumulating empirical evidence but also by refining the conceptual structures that give theoretical meaning to such evidence. Objective: To analyze the concept of mental health and the logical-conceptual structure that supports it, describing its limitations and contradictions. Alternatively, based on the postulates of interbehavioral psychology, the concept of affective behavioral changes is proposed, and a classification of these changes is developed, based on the functional quality of the disturbed behavior. Method: This research is a theoretical study. Conclusions: Dualistic traditions in psychology have pathologized affective behavioral alterations as if they were diseases (mental or brain). The interbehavioral postulation outlined here is a conceptual alternative that can support theoretical and methodological developments that improve the position and contribution of psychology to theorizing and solving human problems in the field of health.

RESUMEN Introducción: El progreso de cualquier ciencia, como la Psicología, se logra no solo acumulando evidencia empírica sino también refinando las estructuras conceptuales que dan significado teórico a dicha evidencia. Objetivo: Analizar la noción de salud mental y la estructura lógico-conceptual que la sustenta, describiendo sus limitaciones y contradicciones. Alternativamente, a partir de los postulados de la psicología interconductual, se propone el concepto de alteraciones afectivas de la conducta y se desarrolla una clasificación de las mismas, basada en la cualidad funcional de la conducta que se altera. Método: Esta investigación es un estudio teórico. Conclusiones: Las tradiciones dualistas en psicología han patologizado las alteraciones afectivas del comportamiento como si fueran enfermedades (mentales o cerebrales). La postulación interconductual que aquí se esboza es una alternativa conceptual que puede apoyar desarrollos teóricos y metodológicos que mejoren la posición y contribución de la psicología a la teorización y solución de problemas humanos en el campo de la salud.

NEOS: An odour-induced affect scale for use in the cosmetic industry.

This work proposes an odour-induced affect scale for use in the cosmetic industry that relies on the approach that produced the UniGEOS, a universal odour-related emotional scale from the Swiss Center for Affective Sciences. The Natura Emotion and Odor Scale (NEOS) was built on experiments conducted with a larger set of participants (491) and a set of 35 scents that combine seven commercial perfumes from Natura & Co cosmetic company with 28 odours from different olfactory classes important for the cosmetic industry. The results showed the stability of 60 Emotion-Related terms in Brazilian Portuguese split into five emotion-related dimensions: Romance, Attention, Energy, Well-being and Negative feelings. The association of the scents evoking these five dimensions has direct implications in the design of new products.

Ce travail propose une échelle d'affect induite par des odeurs passible d'être utilisée dans l'industrie cosmétique. Cette échelle s'appuie sur l'approche qui a produit l'UniGEOS, une échelle affective universelle liée aux odeurs du Swiss Center for Affective Sciences. L'échelle Natura Emotion and Odor Scale (NEOS) a été construite sur la base d'expériences menées avec un plus grand nombre de participants (491) et un ensemble de 35 arômes combinant sept parfums commerciaux de la compagnie Natura & Co avec 28 odeurs de différentes classes olfactives importantes pour l'industrie cosmétique. Les résultats ont montré la stabilité de 60 termes liés aux émotions en portugais brésilien, répartis en cinq dimensions liées aux émotions : Romance, Attention, Énergie, Bien-être et Sentiments négatifs. L'association des arômes évoquant ces cinq dimensions a des implications directes dans la conception de nouveaux produits.

Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome in Mexican Pediatric Patients with Ataxia-Telangiectasia.

Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a disease caused by mutations in the ATM gene (11q22.3-23.1) that induce neurodegeneration Sasihuseyinoglu AS et al.  Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol 31(1):9-14, 2018, Teive HAG et al. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 46:3-8, 2018. Clinically, A-T is characterized by ataxia, mucocutaneous telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, and malignancy. Movement disorders have been the most described and well-studied symptoms of A-T. Other studies have reported visuospatial processing disorders, executive function disorders and emotional regulation disorders, which are clinical manifestations that characterize cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) Choy KR et al. Dev Dyn 247(1):33-46, 2018. To describe the neurocognitive and emotional state of pediatric patients with ataxia-telangiectasia and to discuss whether they have cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. This observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study included 9 patients with A-T from May 2019 to May 2021. A complete medical history was retrieved, and tests were applied to assess executive functions, visual-motor integration and abilities, language, psychological disorders, and ataxia. Six girls and 3 boys agreed to participate. The age range was 6 to 14 years. The participants included five schoolchildren and four teenagers. Eight patients presented impaired executive functioning. All patients showed some type of error in copying and tracing (distortion) in the performance of visual perceptual abilities. Emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression were observed in six patients. Eight patients presented with dyslalia and impairments in word articulation, all patients presented with ataxia, and seven patients used a wheelchair. All patients presented symptoms consistent with CCAS and had variable cognitive performance.

Cognitive-affective manifestations since premanifest phases of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/Machado-Joseph Disease.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive deficits were related to Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph Disease (SCA3/MJD), but the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS) needs further investigation in this disorder. We aimed to characterize cognitive-affective deficits in manifest and premanifest SCA3/MJD carriers. METHODS: Subjects at 50% risk, manifest carriers and unrelated controls were evaluated in-person or in virtual settings with CCAS Scale (CCAS-S), Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Trail-Making Test (TMT), and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) >2.5 or Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale/Activities of Daily Living (FARS-adl) >4 divided carriers into manifest and premanifest. Time after onset or time left to gait ataxia onset (TimeToAfterOnset) were estimated. Differences between groups and correlations with TimeToAfterOnset, SARA and FARS-adl were checked. RESULTS: After random selection to balance groups, 23 manifest and 35 premanifest carriers, and 58 controls were included. CCAS-S, semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, category switching, affect, SCWT, and RMET showed significant differences between manifest carriers and controls; premanifest carriers mostly displayed intermediate values between controls and manifest carriers. These variables correlated with TimeToAfterOnset and SARA scores of the carriers. Correlations with SARA were stronger in the pre-ataxic group. CCAS-S had the strongest correlations with time and SARA. DISCUSSION: Cognitive-affective deficits in SCA3/MJD involve executive function, language, affect, and social cognition, which seem to be altered prior to the ataxia onset, and correlate with markers of motor progression. CCAS-S was the most promising biomarker and should be evaluated in longitudinal studies.

Clinical and neuroimaging correlates in a pilot randomized trial of aerobic exercise for major depression.

BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise (AE) combined with pharmacotherapy is known to reduce depressive symptoms; however, studies have not focused on long-term AE for volumetric changes of brain regions (amygdala, thalamus, and nucleus accumbens [NAcc]) linked to the control of affective responses and hopelessness in individuals with major depression (MD). In addition, AE with motor complexity (AEMC) would be more effective than AE in causing brain plasticity. We compared the effects of 24 weeks of AE and AEMC combined with pharmacotherapy on clinical and volumetric outcomes in individuals with MD. METHODS: Forty medicated individuals with MD were randomly assigned to nonexercising control (C), AE, and AEMC groups. The training groups exercised for 60 min, twice a week for 24 weeks. Clinical and volumetric outcomes were assessed before and after the 24 weeks. Effect size (ES) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated for within-group and between-groups changes. RESULTS: AE and AEMC reduced hopelessness (ES = -0.73 and ES = -0.62, respectively) and increased affective responses (ES = 1.24 and ES = 1.56, respectively). Only AE increased amygdala (ES = 0.27 left and ES = 0.34 right), thalamus (ES = 0.33 left and ES = 0.26 right) and left NAcc (ES = 0.54) volumes. AE was more effective than the C group in reducing hopelessness and causing brain plasticity. The changes in the right amygdala volume showed a strong trend in explaining 72 % of the changes in affective responses following AE (p = 0.06). LIMITATION: Lack of posttraining follow-up and small sample size. CONCLUSION: These preliminary data indicate that AE combined with pharmacotherapy can cause clinical improvement and brain plasticity in individuals with MD.

The role of the age and gender, and the complexity of the syntactic unit in the perception of affective emotions in voice

ABSTRACT Purpose The study aimed to identify (1) whether the age and gender of listeners and the length of vocal stimuli affect emotion discrimination accuracy in voice; and (2) whether the determined level of expression of perceived affective emotions is age and gender-dependent. Methods Thirty-two age-matched listeners listened to 270 semantically neutral voice samples produced in neutral, happy, and angry intonation by ten professional actors. The participants were required to categorize the auditory stimulus based on three options and judge the intensity of emotional expression in the sample using a customized tablet web interface. Results The discrimination accuracy of happy and angry emotions decreased with age, while accuracy in discriminating neutral emotions increased with age. Females rated the intensity level of perceived affective emotions higher than males across all linguistic units. These were: for angry emotions in words (z = -3.599, p < .001), phrases (z = -3.218, p = .001), and texts (z = -2.272, p = .023), for happy emotions in words (z = -5.799, p < .001), phrases (z = -4.706, p < .001), and texts (z = -2.699, p = .007). Conclusion Accuracy in perceiving vocal expressions of emotions varies according to age and gender. Young adults are better at distinguishing happy and angry emotions than middle-aged adults, while middle-aged adults tend to categorize perceived affective emotions as neutral. Gender also plays a role, with females rating expressions of affective emotions in voices higher than males. Additionally, the length of voice stimuli impacts emotion discrimination accuracy.

Feminino, feminilidade e relação mãe-filha em psicanálise a partir da literatura de Elena Ferrante / Femenino, feminidad y relación madre-hija en psicoanálisis a partir de la literatura de Elena Ferrante / Feminine, femininity and mother-daughter relationship in psychoanalysis through the literature of Elena Ferrante / Féminin, féminité et relation mère-fille en psychanalyse à partir de la littérature d'Elena Ferrante

O presente artigo busca explorar a incidência da feminilidade (Weiblichkeit), a elaboração da sexualidade feminina (Weiblichsexualität) e a ambivalência afetiva nas relações primárias relação mãe e filha. Para tal, lançará mão das teorizações freudianas a partir da teoria da clínica psicanalítica e de uma interlocução com um romance da escritora italiana Elena Ferrante. Primeiramente, será trabalhada a lógica do inconsciente, assim como a pertinência da clínica e de possíveis incursões na literatura para apreensão de conceitos fundamentais da teoria psicanalítica. Em seguida, serão abordados marcadores mais precisos da constituição feminina, enfatizando a configuração afetiva que caracteriza o funcionamento pré-edípico. Ao longo destes desdobramentos, serão apresentados fragmentos da literatura mencionada que podem lançar luz sobre os impasses da relação mãe e filha, destacando o valor de aplicação clínica das passagens

Este artículo busca explorar la incidencia de la feminidad (Weiblichkeit), la elaboración de la sexualidad femenina (Weiblichsexualität) y la ambivalencia afectiva en las relaciones primarias madre-hija. Para ello, hará uso de teorías freudianas desde la teoría de la clínica psicoanalítica y una interlocución con un romance de la escritora italiana Elena Ferrante. Primero, se trabajará lalógica del inconsciente, así como la pertinencia de la clínica y de posibles incursiones en la literatura para la aprehensión de conceptos fundamentales de la teoría psicoanalítica. A continuación, se abordarán marcadores más precisos de la constitución femenina, enfatizando la configuración afectiva que caracteriza el funcionamiento preedípico. A lo largo de estos desarrollos, se presentarán fragmentos de la literatura mencionada que pueden arrojar luz sobre los impasses en la relación madre-hija, destacando el valor de aplicación clínica de los passajes

This article aims to explore the incidence of femininity (Weiblichkeit), the development of female sexuality (Weiblichsexualität), and the affective ambivalence in primary mother-daughter relationships. To do so, it will draw upon Freudian theories from the field of psychoanalytic clinical theory and engage with a novel by Italian writer Elena Ferrante. At first, the logic of the unconscious will be examined, as well as the relevance of clinical practice and possible forays into literature for grasping fundamental concepts of psychoanalytic theory. Subsequently, more precise markers of feminine constitution will be addressed, with emphasis on the affective configuration characterizing pre-Oedipal functioning. Throughout these unfoldings, literary fragments will be presented to shed light on the impasses within the mother-daughter relationship, highlighting the clinical application value of the passages

Cet article cherche à explorer l'incidence de la féminité (Weiblichkeit), l'élaboration de la sexualité féminine (Weiblichsexualität) et l'ambivalence affective dans les relations primaires mère-fille. À cette fin, il utilisera les théories freudiennes de la théorie de la clinique psychanalytique et une interlocution avec un roman de l'écrivaine italienne Elena Ferrante. Dans un premier temps, la logique de l'inconscient sera travaillée, ainsi que la pertinence de la clinique et de possibles incursions dans la littérature pour l'appréhension des concepts fondamentaux de la théorie psychanalytique. Ensuite, des marqueurs plus précis de la constitution féminine seront abordés, en insistant sur la configuration affective qui caractérise le fonctionnement pré-oedipien. Tout au long de ces développements, seront présentés des fragments de la littérature précitée pouvant éclairer les impasses de la relation mère-fille, mettre en évidence la valeur d'application clinique des passages

Viver ou morrer?: a influência das emoções desencadeadas por palavras nos tempos de reação manual / Living or dying?: the influence of emotions triggered by words on manual reaction times / ¿Viviendo o muriendo?: la influencia de las emociones provocadas por las palabras en los tiempos de reacción manual

Estímulos afetivos influenciam o comportamento devido a facilitações/inibições que ocorrem no sistema sensóriomotor. Para estímulos positivos, respostas ipsilaterais tendem a ser facilitadas e as contralaterais inibidas. Para estímulos negativos, o padrão é invertido. Atualmente, 34 voluntários foram submetidos à Tarefa de Compatibilidade Espacial Afetiva, cujos estímulos de valência inata foram as palavras "viver" e "morrer". No mapeamento 1, executaram-se respostas ipsilaterais para a palavra "viver" e respostas contralaterais para a palavra "morrer". No mapeamento 2, ocorreu o inverso. Através da análise temporal, investigamos se e como palavras que desencadeiam emoções inatas modulam a resposta motora. No mapeamento 1, constatamos respostas ipsilaterais mais lentas à palavra "viver" do que contralaterais à palavra "morrer" (a partir do 3º quintil). Porém, no mapeamento 2, houve diferença apenas no 3º quintil. Os efeitos facilitadores da resposta contralateral ao estímulo negativo estão possivelmente associados a mecanismos automáticos de vigilância para detectar/evitar estímulos de ameaça

Affective stimuli influence behavior due to facilitations/inhibitions that occur in the sensory-motor system. For positive stimuli, ipsilateral responses tend to be facilitated and contralateral inhibited. For negative stimuli, the pattern is reversed. Currently, 34 volunteers were submitted to the Affective Spatial Compatibility Task, whose innate valence stimuli were the words "living" and "dying". In mapping 1, ipsilateral responses were executed for the word "living" and contralateral for the word "dying". In mapping 2, the reverse occurred. Using temporal analysis, we investigated whether and how words that trigger innate emotions modulate the motor response. In mapping 1, we found slower ipsilateral responses to the word "living" than contralateral responses to the word "dying" (from the 3rd quintile). However, mapping 2 revealed a difference only in the 3rd quintile. The facilitating effects of the contralateral response to the negative stimulus are possibly associated with automatic vigilance mechanisms to detect/avoid threatening stimuli

Los estímulos afectivos influyen en el comportamiento debido a las facilitaciones/inhibiciones que se producen en el sistema sensoriomotor. Para los estímulos positivos, las respuestas ipsilaterales tienden a ser facilitadas y las contralaterales inhibidas. Para los estímulos negativos, el patrón se invierte. Actualmente, 34 voluntarios fueron sometidos a la Tarea de Compatibilidad Espacial Afectiva, cuyos estímulos de valencia innata fueron las palabras "vivir" y "morir". En el mapeo 1, se ejecutaron respuestas ipsilaterales para la palabra "vivir" y contralaterales para la palabra "morir". En el mapeo 2, ocurrió lo contrario. Mediante un análisis temporal, investigamos si las palabras que desencadenan emociones innatas modulan la respuesta motora y cómo lo hacen. En el mapeo 1, encontramos respuestas ipsilaterales más lentas a la palabra "vivir" que respuestas contralaterales a la palabra "morir" (del tercer quintil). Sin embargo, el mapeo 2 reveló una diferencia sólo en el 3er quintil. Los efectos facilitadores de la respuesta contralateral al estímulo negativo están posiblemente asociados a mecanismos automáticos de vigilancia para detectar/evitar estímulos amenazantes

COMPROMISO ORGANIZACIONAL EN ENFERMERAS, MATRONAS, NUTRICIONISTAS, KINESIÓLOGOS Y TÉCNICOS EN ENFERMERÍA DE UN HOSPITAL DEL SUR DE CHILE AÑO 2022-2023 / ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN NURSES, MIDWIVES, NUTRITIONISTS, KINESIOLOGISTS, AND NURSING TECHNICIANS OF A HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN CHILE, 2022-2023

INTRODUCCIÓN: El Compromiso Organizacional (CO), se considera un vínculo entre la organización y los trabajadores, e influye en la satisfacción, el desempeño, la productividad y la inversión profesional. OBJETIVO: Determinar el compromiso organizacional en profesionales y técnicos en enfermería adscritos a un hospital del sur de chile, años 2022-2023. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio de corte transversal, en una muestra de 305 funcionarios. La recolección de la información se realizó con el instrumento compromiso organizacional de Meyer y Allen (1991), puntuación según escala Likert de 5 puntos, donde 1 corresponde a "totalmente en desacuerdo" y 5 es "totalmente de acuerdo"; análisis con estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Estudio autorizado por el Comité de ética científica. RESULTADOS: El instrumento logró consistencia interna adecuada, mediante alfa de Cronbach. El CO observado fue "neutral o indiferente" con tendencia a "de acuerdo", según escala Likert. El Compromiso Afectivo (CA) fue superior respecto a los demás dominios. El Compromiso Normativo (CN) del nivel técnico mostró ser fuerte, así como los funcionarios divorciados y viudos. El Compromiso de Continuidad (CC) resultó ser el dominio con promedio más bajo. A mayor edad, aumentó el CA. CONCLUSIONES: los funcionarios mostraron un nivel medio de compromiso organizacional con tendencia a alto, por lo que se debe fortalecer el lazo afectivo del binomio funcionario/organización, de manera que juegue un papel positivo en la calidad de la atención otorgada hacia sus usuarios.

INTRODUCTION: Organizational Commitment (OC) is considered a crucial link between an organization and its employees, significantly impacting satisfaction, performance, productivity, and professional investment. OBJECTIVE: To assess organizational commitment among nursing professionals and technicians in a hospital in southern Chile between 2022 and 2023. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study involving a sample of 305 staff members. Data collection utilized Meyer and Allen's (1991) Organizational Commitment tool, employing a 5-point Likert scale where 1 signifies "completely disagree" and 5 indicates "completely agree." Analysis encompassed descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The instrument demonstrated sound internal consistency, supported by Cronbach's alpha. Observed OC tended towards a "neutral or indifferent" stance with a leaning towards "agreement" on the Likert scale. Affective Commitment (AC) exhibited higher levels compared to other domains. Normative Commitment (NC) among technical-level employees were robust, and particularly notable among divorced and widowed staff. Continuance Commitment (CC) emerged as the domain with the lowest average. AC showed an increase with age. CONCLUSIONS: Staff exhibited a moderate level of organizational commitment with a propensity towards a higher level, suggesting the need to reinforce the emotional bond between employees and the organization to positively influence the quality of care provided.

Depression in older adults from the municipality of Mochitlan, Guerrero (Mexico) / Depresión en adultos mayores del municipio de Mochitlán, Guerrero (Mexico) / Depressão em idosos do município de Mochitlán, Guerrero (Mexico)

Introduction: Depression in older adults in an important aspect since it affects significantly their health and quality of life. As people age, they may experience physical, emotional, and social changes that make them more susceptible to depression. Based on estimations from the World Health Organization, the global population over 60 years of age with some depressive symptoms will increase from 12% to 22% between 2015 and 2050. Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with depression in older adults from the municipality of Mochitlan, Guerrero. Materials and methods: Mixt quantitative research with an analytical cross-sectional design and a simple random sampling of 26 older adults. Information was collected through a multiple choice survey administered by the researchers using an instrument with four sections. The ethnographic method was used for the qualitative approach, through a semi-structured interview to a focus group of seven older adults, with 3 open questions. Results: Mild (38.46%), moderate (7.69%), and serious (3.85) was found. The associated factors were: female gender; type of work; and monthly income. The qualitative analysis showed positive and negative emotions. Conclusions: 50% of the population had some type of depression.

Introducción: La depresión en adultos mayores es un tema importante debido a que afecta de manera significativa la salud y calidad de vida. A medida que las personas envejecen, pueden experimentar cambios físicos, emocionales y sociales que los hacen más susceptibles a tener depresión. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que entre 2015 y 2050 la población mundial mayor de 60 años pasará del 12% al 22% de padecer algún síntoma depresivo. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la depresión en adultos mayores del Municipio de Mochitlán, Guerrero. Materiales y métodos: Investigación mixta, cuantitativa con diseño transversal analítico, muestreo aleatorio simple en una población de 26 adultos mayores, se recabo información mediante una encuesta aplicada por los investigadores con opción múltiple utilizando un instrumento de cuatro apartados. Para el enfoque cualitativo se utilizó el método etnográfico, mediante una entrevista semiestructurada con 3 preguntas abiertas a un grupo focal de siete adultos mayores. Resultados: Se encontró depresión leve (38,46%), moderada (7,69%) y grave (3,85%). Los factores asociados fueron género femenino, tipo de trabajo; ingreso mensual. El análisis cualitativo mostro emociones positivas y negativas. Conclusiones: 50% de la población presento algún tipo de depresión.

Introdução: A depressão em idosos é um tema importante porque afeta significativamente a saúde e a qualidade de vida. À medida que as pessoas envelhecem, elas podem passar por mudanças físicas, emocionais e sociais que as tornam mais suscetíveis à depressão. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) estima que entre 2015 e 2050, a população mundial com mais de 60 anos passará de 12% a 22% sofrendo de alguns sintomas depressivos. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à depressão em idosos do município de Mochitlán, Guerrero. Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa mista, quantitativa, com desenho analítico transversal, amostragem aleatória simples em população de 26 idosos, as informações foram coletadas por meio de questionário aplicado pelos pesquisadores com múltipla escolha por meio de instrumento de quatro seções. Para a abordagem qualitativa utilizou-se o método etnográfico, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 3 questões abertas a um grupo focal de sete idosos. Resultados: Foi encontrada depressão leve (38,46%), moderada (7,69%) e grave (3,85%). Os fatores associados foram sexo feminino, tipo de trabalho; ingresso mensal. A análise qualitativa evidenciou emoções positivas e negativas. Conclusões: 50% da população apresentou algum tipo de depressão.

Being friendly: paced mating for the study of physiological, behavioral, and neuroplastic changes induced by sexual behavior in females.

Paced mating in rats is an experimental condition that allows the evaluation of sexual behavior in a way that closely resembles what occurs in seminatural and natural conditions enabling the female to control the rate of the sexual interaction. In conventional non-paced mating tests, females cannot escape from male approaches, which may lead to an unrewarding overstimulation. Paced mating is an alternative laboratory procedure that improves animal welfare and has a higher ethological relevance. The use of this procedure contributed to the identification of physiological and behavioral factors that favor reproduction. Paced mating includes motivational and behavioral components differentiating quantitative and qualitative characteristics that are critical for the induction of the rewarding properties of mating. These positive consequences ensure that the behavior will be repeated, favoring the species' survival. Sexual reward is an immediate consequence of paced mating, mediated mainly by the endogenous opioid system. Paced mating also induces long-lasting neuroplastic changes, including gene expression, synthesis of proteins, and neurogenesis in sex-relevant brain areas. The interest in paced mating is growing since the complexity of its elements and consequences at different levels in a laboratory setting resembles what occurs in natural conditions. In this review, we analyze the classic studies and recent publications demonstrating the advantages of using paced mating to evaluate different aspects of sexual behavior in females.

Caresses, whispers and affective faces: A theoretical framework for a multimodal interoceptive mechanism underlying ASMR and affective touch: An evolutionary and developmental perspective for understanding ASMR and affective touch as complementary processes within affiliative interactions.

Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) and affective touch (AT) are two phenomena that have been independently investigated from separate lines of research. In this article, I provide a unified theoretical framework for understanding and studying them as complementary processes. I highlight their shared biological basis and positive effects on emotional and psychophysiological regulation. Drawing from evolutionary and developmental theories, I propose that ASMR results from the development of biological mechanisms associated with early affiliative behaviour and self-regulation, similar to AT. I also propose a multimodal interoceptive mechanism underlying both phenomena, suggesting that different sensory systems could specifically respond to affective stimulation (caresses, whispers and affective faces), where the integration of those inputs occurs in the brain's interoceptive hubs, allowing physiological regulation. The implications of this proposal are discussed with a view to future research that jointly examines ASMR and AT, and their potential impact on improving emotional well-being and mental health.

[Psychopathological differences between female adolescent patients with and without suicide attempt]. / Diferencias psicopatológicas entre pacientes adolescentes del sexo femenino con y sin intento de suicidio.

Background: Traditionally, psychopathology has been related to suicide risk, furthermore if we bear in mind that the recent meta-analysis on the relationship between some mental disorders and the risk of suicide attempt are inconclusive, and have been performed with non-clinical samples. Objective: To establish the psychopathological differences between female adolescent patients with and without suicide attempt. Material and methods: Comparative, prospective, correlational and cross-sectional study. A sample of 50 female participants was used, divided into 2 groups: one of cases, (n = 25), made up of female patients between 15 and 19 years of age with suicide attempt, and a control group of pairs (n = 25) with no history of suicide attempt. The following instruments were applied: the Plutchik Impulsivity Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the K-Sads-PL, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Scale. Results: A greater presence of the disorders evaluated was found: major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in the group with suicide attempt. Furthermore, the case group obtained higher mean scores on the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Plutchik Impulsivity Scale. Conclusions: The results agree with most of previous studies. It is suggested to carry out preventive interventions in cases where a considerably increased risk is detected.

Introducción: tradicionalmente se ha relacionado la psicopatología con el riesgo suicida, más si se toma en consideración que los recientes metaanálisis sobre la relación entre algunos trastornos mentales y el riesgo de tentativa suicida no son concluyentes, y se han realizado con muestras no clínicas. Objetivo: establecer las diferencias psicopatológicas entre pacientes adolescentes del sexo femenino con y sin intento suicida. Material y métodos: estudio comparativo, prospectivo, correlacional y transversal. Se utilizó una muestra de 50 participantes de sexo femenino, distribuidas en dos grupos: el de casos, (n = 25), compuesto por pacientes entre 15 y 19 años con intento suicida y un grupo control (n = 25) de pares sin historia de tentativa. Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: la Escala de Impulsividad de Plutchik, la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck, el K-Sads-PL, la Escala de Ideación Suicida de Beck y la Hamilton de Depresión. Resultados: se encontró mayor presencia de los trastornos evaluados: trastorno depresivo mayor, trastorno distímico, trastorno de ansiedad generalizada y trastorno de pánico en el grupo con intento suicida. Además, el grupo caso obtuvo mayor puntución media en las escalas de Desesperanza de Beck, de Ideación Suicida de Beck, la Hamilton de Depresión y la de Impulsividad de Plutchik. Conclusiones: los resultados coinciden con la mayoría de estudios previos. Se sugiere hacer intervenciones preventivas en casos donde se detecte un riesgo considerablemente aumentado.

Concealing, Tolerating, and Adjusting to Emotions in Obsessive-Compulsive and Anxiety Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Although research has shown that mood and anxiety disorders manifest disturbed emotion regulation, it is unclear whether anxiety disorders differ between each other in terms of their emotion regulation strategies. In the present study, we investigated whether patients with anxiety disorders present different affective styles. METHODS: We assessed affective styles of 32 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, 29 social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients, 29 panic disorder (PD) patients, and 20 healthy controls through the Affective Style Questionnaire (ASQ). A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed to compare the affective styles across groups (OCD, SAD, PD and control), while controlling for depression, anxiety symptoms and age. RESULTS: The MANCOVA revealed a significant, small-medium, main effect of diagnostic group on affective styles. The planned contrasts revealed that OCD and SAD patients reported significantly lower scores for "tolerance" (ASQ-T) compared to healthy controls group. There were no differences between PD group and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that OCD and SAD have difficulty tolerating strong emotions existing in the present moment in an open and non-defensive way.

Definitions, phenomenology, diagnosis, and management of the disorders of laughter and crying in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Consensus from ALS and Motor Neuron Disease Scientific Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology / Definições, fenomenologia, diagnóstico e manejo das desordens do riso e do choro em esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA): Consenso do Departamento Científico de ELA e Doença do Neurônio Motor da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia

Abstract The spectrum of neuropsychiatric phenomena observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is wide and not fully understood. Disorders of laughter and crying stand among the most common manifestations. The aim of this study is to report the results of an educational consensus organized by the Brazilian Academy of Neurology to evaluate the definitions, phenomenology, diagnosis, and management of the disorders of laughter and crying in ALS patients. Twelve members of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology - considered to be experts in the field - were recruited to answer 12 questions about the subject. After exchanging revisions, a first draft was prepared. A face-to-face meeting was held in Fortaleza, Brazil on 9.23.22 to discuss it. The revised version was subsequently emailed to all members of the ALS Scientific Department from the Brazilian Academy of Neurology and the final revised version submitted for publication. The prevalence of pseudobulbar affect/pathological laughter and crying (PBA/PLC) in ALS patients from 15 combined studies and 3906 patients was 27.4% (N = 1070), ranging from 11.4% to 71%. Bulbar onset is a risk factor but there are limited studies evaluating the differences in prevalence among the different motor neuron diseases subtypes, including patients with and without frontotemporal dementia. Antidepressants and a combination of dextromethorphan and quinidine (not available in Brazil) are possible therapeutic options. This group of panelists acknowledge the multiple gaps in the current literature and reinforces the need for further studies.

Resumo O espectro de fenômenos neuropsiquiátricos observados na ELA é amplo e não completamente entendido. Desordens do riso e do choro estão entre as manifestações mais comuns. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar os resultados de um Consenso organizado pela Academia Brasileira de Neurologia para avaliar definições, fenomenologia, diagnóstico, e manejo dos distúrbios do riso e do choro em pacientes com ELA. Doze membros da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - considerados experts na área - foram recrutados para responder 12 questões na temática. Depois da verificação das revisões, um primeiro manuscrito foi preparado. Após, foi realizado um encontro presencial em Fortaleza, Brasil, em 23/09/2022, para discussão do conteúdo. A versão revisada foi posteriormente enviada por e-mail para todos os membros do Departamento Científico de DNM/ELA da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia e a versão final revisada foi submetida para publicação. A prevalência da síndrome pseudobulbar em pacientes com ELA em 15 estudos combinados com 3906 pacientes foi de 27,4% (n = 1070), variando entre 11,4% e 71%. Início bulbar é um fator de risco, mas há limitados estudos avaliando as diferenças em prevalência entre os diferentes subtipos de Doença do Neurônio Motor, incluindo pacientes com e sem Demência Frontotemporal. Antidepressivos e uma combinação de dextrometorfana e quinidina (indisponíveis no Brasil) são opções terapêuticas possíveis. Esse grupo de panelistas reconhece as múltiplas demandas não atendidas na literatura atual e reforça a necessidade de futuros estudos.

Sustentabilidade afetiva nos atendimentos do CREAS: as percepções das famílias / Affective support in the service of CREAS: the perceptions of families / Sostenibilidad afectiva en los servicios del CREAS: las percepciones de las familias

A Política de Assistência Social mantém a centralidade de suas intervenções na instituição familiar a fim de fortalecer a garantia de direitos à população em situação de desproteção social. Atento a esse cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em analisar a percepção das famílias sobre as intervenções realizadas pelos psicólogos em um Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS) situado em uma cidade do interior do estado do Paraná. Adotando uma perspectiva qualitativa, os seis participantes relataram a experiência desses atendimentos e seus impactos sobre a família. Como resultado, foi possível conhecer os receios e medos presentes nos primeiros contatos e como isso foi superado à medida que o vínculo afetivo era fortalecido, abrindo espaço para o relato das experiências difíceis de violência familiar. Ao final da pesquisa, foi possível compreender a relevância de construir uma sustentabilidade afetiva capaz de afirmar a vinculação e acolher as famílias. (AU)

Social Assistance Policy maintains the centrality of its interventions in the family institution in order to strengthen the guarantee of rights to the population in a situation of social unprotect. Aware of this scenario, the objective of this research was to analyze the perception of families on the interventions carried out by psychologists at a Specialized Social Assistance Reference Center (CREAS) located in a city in the interior of the state of Paraná. Adopting a qualitative perspective, the six participants reported the experience of these services and their impacts on the family. As a result, it was possible to know the fears and dreads present in the first contacts and how this was overcome as the affective bond was strengthened, opening space for reporting difficult family violence experiences. At the end of the research, it was possible to understand the relevance of building an affective sustainability capable of affirming the link and welcoming the families. (AU)

La Política de Asistencia Social mantiene la centralidad de sus intervenciones en la institución familiar para fortalecer la garantía de derechos a la población en situación de desprotección social. Conscientes de este escenario, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la percepción de las familias sobre las intervenciones realizadas por psicólogos en un Centro de Referencia Especializado en Asistencia Social (CREAS) ubicado en una ciudad del interior del estado de Paraná. Adoptando una perspectiva cualitativa, los seis participantes relataron la experiencia de estos servicios y sus impactos en la familia. Como resultado, fue posible conocer los miedos y ansiedades presentes en los primeros contactos y cómo éstos fueron superados a medida que el vínculo afectivo se reforzó, abriendo un espacio para la denuncia de experiencias difíciles de violencia familiar. Al final de la investigación, se pudo comprender la relevancia de construir una sostenibilidad afectiva capaz de afirmar el vínculo y acoger a las familias. (AU)