Acquisition of foods that make up the new basic food basket by low-income brazilian families in 2017-2018: socioeconomic and demographic distribution / Aquisição de alimentos que compõem a nova cesta básica pelas famílias brasileiras de baixa renda em 2017-18: distribuição socioeconômica e demográfica

In 2024, the Brazilian government promulgated a decree with new guidelines for the basic food basket, based on the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines. This study describes the acquisition of foods that make up the new basic basket by low-income families in Brazil, using data from the latest edition of the Household Budget Survey, conducted in 2017-18. The household food acquisitions of families with a per capita income of up to half a minimum wage were analyzed, both for the country as a whole and according to housing situation, region of the country, and race/skin color of the head of the family (n=13,706 households). The foods that make up the basket, identified according to Ordinance 966 of the Ministry of Social Development, represented 84.1% of the total calories acquired by low-income households. The food groups with the highest contributions to total calories were cereals (33.4%), sugars and oils/fats (21.3%), and meats and eggs (11.5%). Rice, corn and other grains, and beans represented 19.6% and 4.6% of total calories, respectively. Poultry and beef were the most consumed meats, representing 4.9% and 4.0% of the calories. Fruits contributed to 1.9%, and vegetables and greens to 0.7%. The caloric share of foods that make up the new basic basket was higher in rural areas (88.0%) and in the North (88.2%) and Northeast (85.9%) regions. There were no significant differences between race/skin color categories. Our data show that, in 2017-18, the foods that make up the new basic basket were the foundation of the diet of the poorest population, reinforcing the cultural feasibility of its implementation and the need for policies that ensure continuous access to these foods.

Em 2024, o governo brasileiro promulgou um decreto com novas diretrizes para a cesta básica de alimentos, baseadas no Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Este estudo descreve a aquisição dos alimentos que compõem a nova cesta básica por famílias de baixa renda no Brasil, utilizando dados da última edição da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares, realizada em 2017-8. Foram analisadas as aquisições domiciliares de alimentos das famílias com renda per capita de até meio salário-mínimo, no país como um todo e segundo situação de moradia, região do País e raça/cor da pele do chefe da família (n=13.706 domicílios). Os alimentos que compõem a cesta, identificados conforme a Portaria 966 do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social, representaram 84,1% do total de calorias adquiridas pelos domicílios de baixa renda. Os grupos alimentares com maiores contribuições para o total de calorias foram cereais (33,4%), açúcares e óleos/gorduras (21,3%), e carnes e ovos (11,5%). Arroz, milho e outros grãos e feijões contribuíram com 19,6% e 4,6% das calorias, respectivamente. Carnes de ave e de boi foram as mais consumidas, representando 4,9% e 4,0% das calorias. Frutas contribuíram com 1,9% e legumes e verduras com 0,7%. A participação calórica de alimentos da nova cesta básica foi maior na área rural (88,0%) e nas regiões Norte (88,2%) e Nordeste (85,9%). Não houve diferenças significativas entre as categorias de raça/cor da pele. Nossos dados mostram que, em 2017-8, os alimentos que compõem a nova cesta eram a base da alimentação da população mais pobre, reforçando a viabilidade cultural da sua implementação e a necessidade de políticas que garantam o acesso contínuo a esses alimentos.

The low-FODMAP diet.

In this article we present a protocol for the use of the low-FODMAP diet in paediatric patients and review of the current evidence on its efficacy. These short-chain carbohydrates, which can be fermented by the intestinal microbiota, are found in a wide variety of foods, mainly of plant origin. The low-FODMAP diet is a therapeutic tool used for the management of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. The sources we used were PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and institutional websites. Following consumption of FODMAP-rich foods, a series of end products are generated that are not absorbed, giving rise to symptoms. Before starting a low-FODMAP diet, it is important to carry out a diagnostic evaluation including any applicable tests. Treatment is structured in 3 phases: elimination, reintroduction and personalization phase. In the first phase, FODMAP-rich foods are eliminated for 2-3 weeks. In the second phase, lasting 8 weeks, FODMAP-rich foods are gradually reintroduced. The last phase consists in customizing the diet according to individual tolerance. This article details which foods contain FODMAPs and possible substitutes. In addition, specific food diary/intake tracking and educational materials are provided in a series of appendices to facilitate adherence to the diet. Although most studies have been conducted in adults, there is also some evidence on the beneficial effects in the paediatric age group, with a reduction of symptoms, especially in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Nevertheless, more research is required on the subject.

Percepção do peso corporal e dificuldades encontradas pelas pessoas com deficiência visual na aquisição, na preparação e no consumo dos alimentos / Perception of body weight and difficulties encounteredby people with visual impairment in acquiring, preparing and consuming food

Objetivo: investigar a percepção do peso corporal e as dificuldades encontradas pelas pessoas com deficiência visual na aquisição, na preparação e no consumo dos alimentos. Metodologia: estudo observacional transversal, com adultos e idosos com deficiência visual em Pelotas/RS, realizado no período de abril a maio de 2023. Foi utilizado um questionário composto de 42 itens. Os dados coletados foram analisados por análise descritiva e analítica, e apresentados como média ± desvio padrão ou percentual. Resultados: a amostra contou com 20 pessoas, predominantemente do sexo feminino e idosas. Em relação ao consumo alimentar, 50% dos participantes consomem feijão, 75% frutas e hortaliças, 50% bebidas adoçadas, biscoitos recheados e doces. Referente à percepção do peso corporal, percebeu-se que a maior parte do grupo sente que está acima do peso adequado e se sentem "insatisfeitos(as)". Sobre as dificuldades encontradas, 85% dos participantes relataram dificuldade extrema para identificar a validade dos alimentos, 70% para comprar alimentos frescos e perecíveis e 40% para usar a faca para cortar e descascar os alimentos. Conclusão: verificou-se que a maior parte do grupo sente que está acima do peso adequado e estão "insatisfeitos(as)" em relação ao peso corporal. Além disso, dependem de outra pessoa para escolher os alimentos a serem comprados, saber o prazo de validade, preparar alimentos que precisam ser porcionados, servir refeições no prato, cortar carnes, descascar vegetais e frutas, utilizar faca, entre outros. Esta dependência pode influenciar diretamente no seu consumo alimentar quando essas pessoas se encontram sozinhas, optando por consumir alimentos industrializados de fácil preparo ou prontos.

Objective: to investigate the perception of body weight and the difficulties encountered by people with visual impairments in acquiring, preparing and consuming food. Methodology: cross-sectional observational study, with adults and elderly people with visual impairment in Pelotas/RS, carried out from April to May 2023. A questionnaire composed of 42 items was used. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical analysis, and presented as mean ± standard deviation or percentage. Results: the sample included 20 people, predominantly female and elderly. Regarding food consumption, 50% of participants consume beans, 75% fruits and vegetables, 50% sweetened drinks, stuffed cookies and sweets. Regarding the perception of body weight, it was noticed that the majority of the group feels that they are overweight and feel "dissatisfied". Regarding the difficulties encountered, 85% of participants reported extreme difficulty in identifying the expiration date of food, 70% in purchasing fresh and perishable foods and 40% in using a knife to cut and peel food. Conclusion: it was found that the majority of the group feels that they are overweight and are "dissatisfied" with their body weight. Furthermore, they depend on someone else to choose the food to be purchased, know the expiration date, prepare food that needs to be portioned, serve meals on the plate, cut meat, peel vegetables and fruits, use a knife, among others. This dependence can directly influence their food consumption when these people are alone, choosing to consume easily prepared or ready-made processed foods.

A segurança dos alimentos nos Centros de Tradições Gaúchas do Rio Grande do Sul / Food safety in the Centros de Tradições Gaúchas of Rio Grande do Sul

Os Centros de Tradições Gaúchas (CTG) são entidades de divulgação e perpetuação da cultura do Rio Grande do Sul. A produção de refeições nessas entidades ocorre nos ensaios dos grupos de danças tradicionais e nos eventos oferecidos à comunidade, como jantares. Sabendo do impacto das doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTA) na saúde humana, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a adequação dos CTG às boas práticas para manipulação de alimentos (BPM), explorar quem são os responsáveis pelas atividades de manipulação de alimentos e identificar a frequência e o número da produção de refeições servidas nessas instituições. A Portaria SES-RS nº 78/2009 e um questionário de coleta de dados dos grupos de dança e da produção de refeições foram aplicados em 5 CTG do Rio Grande do Sul. Outros 17 CTG do estado responderam a um segundo questionário, semelhante ao primeiro, com adição de perguntas sobre controle sanitário. Obteve-se uma média de adequação às BPM de 38% entre os CTG. Verificou-se que são servidas, em média, 4 refeições por semana entre os ensaios das invernadas artísticas próximos a competições. Em 36% dos CTG, ocorrem de 2 a 3 eventos por trimestre com produção de refeições. Em 45% dos CTG, são servidas de 100 a 200 pessoas nos eventos. Em relação aos trabalhos na cozinha, apenas 23,5% dos CTG têm como responsáveis dessas atividades pessoas devidamente capacitadas. Sendo os CTG instituições sem fins lucrativos, a criação de programas para a garantia do alimento seguro nesses espaços se faz necessária.

Centros de Tradições Gaúchas (CTG) are entities for the dissemination and perpetuation of Rio Grande do Sul culture. The production of meals in these entities takes place in the rehearsals of traditional dance groups and in events offered to the community, such as dinners. Knowing the impact of the foodborne diseases in human health, the objective of this work is to identify the adequacy of CTG to good food handling practices, to explore who are responsibles for food handling activities and identify the frequency and number of meals served in these institutions. The Portaria SES-RS No. 78/2009 and a questionnaire for data collection from dance groups and meals production were applied in 5 CTG in Rio Grande do Sul. Another 17 CTG in the state answered a second questionnaire, similar to the first, with the addition of questions about sanitary control. The average compliance with good practices was 38% among the CTG. It was found that, on average, 4 meals are served per week between rehearsals of the dance groups close to competitions. In 36% of the CTG, 2 to 3 events are held per quarter with production of meals. In 45% of the CTG, the number of people served at the events varies from 100 to 200. Regarding the work in the kitchen, only 23.5% of the CTG have duly trained people for these activities. Given that CTG are non-profit institutions, the creation of programs to ensure food safety in these spaces is necessary.

Psychometric properties of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 in Spanish schoolchildren.

INTRODUCTION: Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviours (DEABs) can impact both the mental and physical health of children. Early detection is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is a widely used, cost-effective tool for assessing DEABs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 by analysing its factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and measurement invariance across sexes in Spanish schoolchildren. METHOD: Validation study in a sample of 718 schoolchildren. The sample was randomly divided into 2 groups, each with 359 participants, and we carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the instrument. Subsequently, we assessed the internal consistency by means of the ordinal alpha, the convergent validity with the SCOFF questionnaire and the measurement invariance across the sexes. RESULTS: The results of the EFA and CFA supported a multidimensional structure of the EAT comprising 6 factors and 21 items. These factors underlie a second-order model of DEABs. The internal consistency was adequate for most factors. The SCOFF questionnaire showed a moderate convergent validity for most of the EAT-21 factors. We found measurement invariance across the sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The abbreviated EAT-21 scale exhibited modest and promising psychometric properties, making it a suitable instrument for assessing DEABs in both sexes in educational settings.

Impact of memory bias in the dietary estimation of older adults measured through a food frequency questionnaire and weighed food records: A cross-sectional study in older adults and primary caregivers.

Introduction: Introduction: changes in cognitive performance and memory of older adults (OA) can interfere in their reporting their diet. Objective: to evaluate the impact of memory bias in dietary estimation between OA and their primary caregivers (PC) through the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Mexican OA and weighed food records (WFR). Methods: the present analysis uses the estimated dietary information based on the response provided by 51 older adults (OA) and their primary caregivers (PC) from the validation study of the FFQ for Mexicans OA was conducted during lockdowns for COVID-19. The personnel who applied FFQ and WFR were trained with standardized instruments and procedures. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the intake per day of the foods and food groups, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the grams of intake per day of the food groups, and kappa coefficient was used to compare the level of food items and food groups between OA and PC. Results: in 11 of 14 food groups, no significant differences were observed between the amounts of intake reported by OA and PC. In the groups of dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and legumes, moderate agreement was observed (κ = 0.63 to 0.79), and in the rest of the groups was strong to perfect (κ ≥ 0.80). Correlation of the amount of intake between OA and PC was high in all food groups (r ≥ 0.87). Conclusion: the high correlation and high agreement between the amounts and frequencies of the food groups consumed as reported by the older adults and primary caregivers indicate that the information from both respondents is reliable.

Introducción: Introducción: los cambios cognitivos y la memoria que presentan los adultos mayores (AM) pueden interferir al momento de reportar los alimentos de su dieta. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto del sesgo de memoria en la estimación de la dieta entre AM y sus cuidadores principales (CP) a través del cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos (CFA) para AM mexicanos y el registro de peso de alimentos (RPA). Métodos: el presente análisis utiliza la información dietética estimada con base en la respuesta proporcionada por 51 adultos mayores (AM) y sus cuidadores principales (CP) del estudio de validación del CFA para AM mexicanos que se realizó durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. El personal que aplicó CFA y RPA fue capacitado con instrumentos y procedimientos estandarizados. Se utilizó prueba de Wilcoxon para comparar la ingesta por día de los alimentos y grupos de alimentos, el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman para evaluar los gramos de ingesta por día de los grupos de alimentos y el coeficiente kappa para comparar el nivel de alimentos y grupos de alimentos entre AM y CP. Resultados: en 11 de 14 grupos de alimentos no se observaron diferencias significativas entre las cantidades de ingesta reportadas por AM y CP. En los grupos de lácteos, frutas, verduras y legumbres se observó concordancia moderada (κ = 0,63 a 0,79), y en el resto de los grupos fue de fuerte a perfecta (κ ≥ 0,80). La correlación de la cantidad de ingesta entre AM y CP fue alta en todos los grupos de alimentos (r ≥ 0,87). Conclusión: La alta correlación y la alta concordancia entre las cantidades y frecuencias de los grupos de alimentos consumidos según lo informado por los adultos mayores y los cuidadores principales indican que la información de ambos encuestados es confiable.

Propiedades psicométricas del Eating Attitudes Test-26 en escolares españoles / Psychometric properties of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 in Spanish schoolchildren

Introducción: Las Actitudes y los Comportamientos Alimentarios Desordenados (DEAB, por sus siglas en inglés) pueden afectar tanto a la salud mental como física en los niños/as. Su detección temprana es crucial para prevenir complicaciones y mejorar las posibilidades de recuperación. El Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) es una herramienta ampliamente utilizada para evaluar las DEAB debido a su costo/efectividad.ObjetivoEvaluar las propiedades psicométricas del EAT-26, analizando la estructura factorial, la consistencia interna, la validez convergente e invarianza de medida entre ambos sexos en escolares españoles.MétodoEstudio instrumental con una muestra de 718 escolares. La muestra se dividió aleatoriamente en 2 grupos, cada uno con 359 participantes, realizando un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC). Posteriormente, se estimó la consistencia interna con el alfa ordinal, la validez convergente con el cuestionario SCOFF y la invarianza de medida entre ambos sexos.ResultadosLos hallazgos del AFE y AFC respaldaron una estructura multidimensional del EAT, compuesta por 6 factores y 21 ítems. Estos factores subyacen en un modelo de segundo orden de las DEAB. La consistencia interna fue suficiente para la mayoría de los factores. Se mostró una validez convergente moderada con el cuestionario SCOFF para la mayoría de los factores. Se alcanzó una invarianza estricta entre ambos sexos. (AU)

Introduction: Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviours (DEABs) can impact both the mental and physical health of children. Early detection is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is a widely used, cost-effective tool for assessing DEABs.ObjectiveTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 by analysing its factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and measurement invariance across sexes in Spanish schoolchildren.MethodValidation study in a sample of 718 schoolchildren. The sample was randomly divided into two groups, each with 359 participants, and we carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the instrument. Subsequently, for the total sample, we assessed the internal consistency by means of the ordinal alpha, the convergent validity with the SCOFF questionnaire and the measurement invariance between the sexes.ResultsThe results of the EFA and CFA supported a multidimensional structure of the EAT comprising six factors and 21 items. These factors underlie a second-order model of DEABs. The internal consistency was adequate for most factors. The SCOFF questionnaire showed a moderate convergent validity for most factors. We found strict invariance across the sexes. (AU)

La alimentación de los enfermos en los hospitales de la edad moderna, el caso de Vitoria (Álava, España) / A alimentação dos doentes nos hospitais na era moderna, o caso de Vitoria (Álava, Espanha) / Feeding the sick in hospitals in the modern age, the case of Vitoria (Álava, Spain)

El conocimiento sobre alimentación en los hospitales de laedad moderna en España está sustentado en documentaciónde muy pocos centros, mayoritariamente de grandes urbes,siendo necesarias nuevas aportaciones para ampliar la evidenciaexistente. A tal objeto se ha analizado la documentación delhospital Santiago de Vitoria, un hospital y una ciudad másrepresentativos de la mediana peninsular.Se ha hallado un inequívoco enfoque económico de ladocumentación sobre alimentos y la consignación de suadquisición solo recoge gastos extraordinarios, mayoritariamentealimentos destinados a la botica (80% de los asientos). Ladieta basal solo nos es conocida por su descripción teórica,anotándose su gasto por número de raciones o su fracción.Se evidencia una supervisión triple en su preparación yadministración, así como una cuidada prescripción médicade los alimentos en las dietas individualizadas.En conclusión, los gastos no evidencian el consumo efectivo nitampoco representan la dieta real, pues la inmensa mayoría delos alimentos consignados estuvieron destinados a la botica yno a la alimentación de los enfermos. Debe preguntarse si losestudios precedentes, que utilizan también datos de gastos,no han hecho una mala interpretación de estos extrapolandoerróneamente una dieta magnífica cuando, en el caso vitoriano,tuvo una composición de clases populares.

Knowledge of hospital food in modern-age hospitals in Spainis based on documentation from very few centers, mostlyin large cities, and new contributions are needed to expandthe existing evidence. To this end, the documentation of theSantiago de Vitoria hospital has been analysed, a hospital nd a city more representative of the peninsular median.An unequivocal economic focus has been found in thedocumentation on foodstuffs, and the record of their acquisitiononly includes extraordinary expenses, mainly foodstuffsdestined for the apothecary's shop (80% of the entries). Thebasal diet is only known to us by its theoretical description,and its expenditure is recorded by number of portions ortheir fraction. There is evidence of triple supervision in itspreparation and administration, as well as careful medicalprescription of the food in the individualised diets.In conclusion, the expenditures do not show the actualconsumption, nor do they represent the real diet, since thevast majority of the food items recorded were destined for thepharmacy and not for the feeding of the sick. It must be askedwhether previous studies, which also use expenditure data,have not misinterpreted these data by wrongly extrapolatinga magnificent diet when, in the case of Vitoria, it was madeup of the working classes.(AU)

O conhecimento da alimentação hospitalar nos hospitais daIdade Moderna em Espanha baseia-se na documentação deum número muito reduzido de centros, principalmente nasgrandes cidades, e são necessárias novas contribuições paraampliar a evidência existente. Para o efeito, analisámos adocumentação do hospital de Santiago de Vitoria, um hospitale uma cidade mais representativos da mediana peninsular.Na documentação relativa aos géneros alimentícios, encontramosum enfoque económico inequívoco, sendo que o registoda sua aquisição apenas inclui despesas extraordinárias,sobretudo géneros destinados à botica (80% das entradas).A dieta basal só nos é conhecida pela sua descrição teórica,e a sua despesa é registada pelo número de porções oupela sua fração. Há indícios de uma tripla vigilância na suapreparação e administração, bem como de uma cuidadosaprescrição médica dos alimentos nas dietas individualizadas.Em conclusão, as despesas não mostram o consumo real nemrepresentam a dieta real, uma vez que a grande maioria dosalimentos registados se destinava à farmácia e não à alimentaçãodos doentes. É de perguntar se estudos anteriores, que tambémutilizam dados de despesas, não terão interpretado mal estesdados, extrapolando erradamente uma dieta magnífica quando,no caso de Vitória, era constituída pelas classes populares.(AU)

Comportamiento de la población chilena en las buenas prácticas de higiene

Las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos causan una alta carga de morbilidad, con una mayor ocurrencia en ambientes domiciliarios. El objetivo del estudio es asociar hábitos relacionados con buenas prácticas de higiene con variables sociodemográficas en una muestra representativa de la población chilena. Estudio de análisis secundario, realizado a partir de la Encuesta nacional de Salud (ENS) 2016-2017, donde se analizaron las preguntas de buenas prácticas de higiene. La muestra contempla 6.233 participantes, de los cuales el 62,8% corresponde a sexo femenino. Se identificó que las mujeres tienen mejores hábitos de higiene en la manipulación de alimentos respecto a los hombres. Por otro lado, los adultos entre 45-64 años y mayores a 65 años, presentan mejores hábitos relacionados con inocuidad alimentaria, en relación con otros grupos etarios. En conclusión, las variables sociodemográficas como sexo, edad, nivel educativo son determinantes en las buenas prácticas de higiene. Se debe educar a la población en la manipulación de alimentos, para garantizar la inocuidad alimentaria.

Foodborne diseases cause a high burden of morbidity, with a greater occurrence in home environments. The objective of the study is to associate habits related to good hygiene practices with sociodemographic variables in a representative sample of the Chilean population. Secondary analysis study, conducted from the National Health Survey (NHS) 2016-2017, where the questions of good hygiene practices were analyzed. The sample contemplates 6,233 participants, of which 62.8% corresponds to female sex. It was identified that women have better hygiene habits in food handling compared to men. On the other hand, adults aged 45-64 years and over 65 years had better habits related to food safety than other age groups. In conclusion, sociodemographic variables such as sex, age and educational level are determining factors in good hygiene practices. The population should be educated in food handling to ensure food safety.

A importância da alimentação e nutrição para indivíduos com enxaqueca / La importancia de la alimentación y nutrición para personas con jaqueca / The importance of food and nutrition for people with chronic migraines

Introdução: As cefaleias são consideradas um importante problema de saúde pública e estima-se que são a segunda queixa mais comum de dor, sendo a enxaqueca uma das mais presentes. O tratamento da enxaqueca pode ser sintomático ou profilático, a fim de reduzir os sintomas em períodos de crise e evitar que novas crises se instalem, destacando a importância da adoção de hábitos saudáveis e uma alimentação equilibrada. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura, destacando os principais achados sobre a importância da alimentação e nutrição para indivíduos acometidos pela enxaqueca. Metodologia: foi realizado um levantamento de estudos nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS); Medline, LILACS, SciELO e Google Acadêmico, além de ter sido considerada a lista de referências dos trabalhos consultados, utilizando a estratégia PECO, onde P (population) indica a população, a letra E (exposure) exposição, C (comparison) comparação e a letra O (outcome) se refere aos desfechos esperados, assim gerou a pergunta norteadora do estudo: "Qual é a importância da alimentação e nutrição para indivíduos com enxaqueca?". Resultados: Foram selecionados 15 estudos para a produção do presente trabalho e foi realizada uma síntese descritiva dos resultados obtidos da relação e influência de hábitos alimentares com a enxaqueca. Conclusões: Conclui-se que os hábitos alimentares e a nutrição adequada têm grande influência e importância para indivíduos com enxaqueca, pois dessa forma, podem reduzir os sintomas apresentados e crises, já que as substâncias presentes nos alimentos estão relacionadas com o início e intensificação das crises (AU).

Introduction: Headaches are considered an important public health problem and are estimated to be the second most common pain complaint, with migraines being one of the most common. Migraine treatment is symptomatic and prophylactic to reduce symptoms when an attack starts and prevent new ones from forming, highlighting the importance of adopting healthy habits and a balanced diet. Objective: The purpose of this study was to carry out an integrative review of the literature in order to highlight the main findings on the influence of eating habits and the importance of nutrition for migraine patients. Methodology:A survey study was performed in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL); Medline, LILACS, SciELO, and Google Scholar, in addition to considering the reference list of the consulted works. The PECO P (population) E (exposure) C (comparison) O (outcome) strategy was used, which generated the guiding question of the study: 'How important is food and nutrition for people with chronic migraines?'. Results:A total of 15 studies were selected to analyze in this work and a descriptive synthesis of the results was performed on the relationship and influence of eating habits of people with chronic migraines. Conclusions:It was concluded that eating habits and adequate nutrition have great influence and importance for migraine patients, as they are one of the main culprits of triggering and intensifying attacks (AU).

Introducción: Las cefaleas son consideradas un importante problema de salud pública y se estima que son la segunda queja más común de dolor, siendo la jaqueca una de las más frecuentes. El tratamiento de la jaqueca puede ser sintomático o profiláctico, con el fin de reducir los síntomas en periodos de crisis y evitar que nuevas ocurran, destacando la importancia de una adopción de hábitos saludables y una alimentación equilibrada. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión integrativa de la literatura, destacando los principales hallazgos sobre la importancia de la alimentación y nutrición en personas afectadas por la jaqueca. Metodología: Fue realizada una investigación de los estudios en las bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS); Medline, LILACS, SciELO y Google Académico, además de considerar la lista de referencias de los trabajos consultados, utilizando la estrategia PECO, donde P (population) indica la población, la letra E (exposure) exposición, C (comparison) comparación y la letra O (outcome) se refiere a los resultados esperados, así fue generada la pregunta guía del estudio: "¿Cuál es la importancia de la alimentación y nutrición para las personas con jaqueca?" Resultados: Fueron seccionados 15 estudios para la producción del presente trabajo y fue realizada una síntesis descriptiva de los resultados obtenidos de la relación e influencia de los hábitos alimentarios con la jaqueca. Conclusiones: Se concluye que los hábitos alimentarios y la nutrición adecuada tienen gran influencia e importancia para las personas conjaqueca, pues de esta forma, pueden reducir los síntomas presentados y crisis, ya que las sustancias presentes en los alimentos están relacionadas con el inicio e intensificación de las crisis (AU).

Aleitamento materno e consumo de ultraprocessados pela ótica da desigualdade racial: um delineamento ecológico / Breastfeeding and consumption of ultra-processed foods from the perspective of racial inequality: an ecological outline / Lactancia materna y consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados desde la perspectiva de la desigualdad racial: un panorama ecológico

Este artigo objetivou avaliar as informações acerca do consumo alimentar e aleitamento materno de crianças do município de Alfenas (MG) e, ainda, verificar fatores relacionados, como cor da pele e faixa etária. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico ecológico longitudinal, com coleta de dados pelo Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional Web e análise por meio de proporções e contagens medianas mensais. Admitiu-se um nível de confiança de 95% (p<0,05) para as análises realizadas com apoio do pacote computacional estatístico R. Foram totalizados 2.377 registros para os marcadores de consumo alimentar, apresentando 25% (IC95%: 16,67-36,06) de ausência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e 50% (IC95%: 50,00-66,67) para o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Ainda, os marcadores estavam associados à cor da pele, sendo não branca a com maior risco à saúde, na proporção de 63,9% para a ausência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e de 77,5% para o maior consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Os resultados, referentes ao consumo de ultraprocessados e à ausência de aleitamento materno exclusivo para o município de Alfenas (MG), são positivamente superiores às médias nacionais, enfatizando o comportamento alimentar inadequado em relação à questão racial.

This article aimed to evaluate information about the food consumption and breastfeeding of children in the municipality of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, and to verify related factors such as ethnicity and age group. Longitudinal ecological epidemiological study, with data collected by the Web Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN Web) and analyzed using proportions and monthly median counts. A confidence level of 95% (p<0.05) was accepted for the analyses carried out with the support of the statistical computational package R. There were 2,377 records for the food consumption markers, with 25% (95%CI: 16.67­36.06) absence of exclusive breastfeeding and 50% (95%CI: 50.00­66.67) consumption of ultra-processed foods. Furthermore, the markers were associated with ethnicity, with non-white ethnicity having the highest health risk, in the proportion of 63.9% for the absence of exclusive breastfeeding and 77.5% for the highest consumption of ultra-processed foods. The results regarding the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the absence of exclusive breastfeeding for the municipality of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, are positively higher than the national averages, emphasizing the inadequate eating behavior in relation to the racial issue.

Este artículo tiene por objetivo evaluar información sobre el consumo de alimentos y la lactancia materna de niños en la ciudad de Alfenas, Minas Gerais (Brasil), así como identificar los factores relacionados, como el color de la piel y el grupo de edad. Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico ecológico longitudinal, con recolección de datos en el Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional Web y análisis mediante proporciones y conteos medianos mensuales. Se utilizó un nivel de confianza del 95% en los análisis (p<0,05) realizados con apoyo del paquete computacional estadístico R. Hubo un total de 2.377 registros en los marcadores de consumo de alimentos, con un 25% (IC95%: 16,67-36,06) para ausencia de lactancia materna exclusiva y el 50% (IC95%: 50,00-66,67) para el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados. Además, los marcadores estuvieron asociados con el color de la piel, en el cual el color de piel no blanco presentó un mayor riesgo para la salud, en la proporción del 63,9% para ausencia de lactancia materna exclusiva y del 77,5% para el mayor consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados. Los resultados sobre el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y la ausencia de lactancia materna exclusiva en el municipio de Alfenas son positivamente superiores a los promedios nacionales, destacando la conducta alimentaria inadecuada por cuestiones raciales.

Estado nutricional de crianças com microcefalia congênita transmitida pelo vírus Zika / Nutritional status of children with congenital microcephaly transmitted by Zika Virus / Estado nutricional de niños con microcefalia congénita transmitida por el Virus Zika

A microcefalia é uma condição sem tratamento causa alterações de cunho sensorial, cognitivo, motor, auditivo e visual, podendo ser adquirida por meio da infecção congênita pelo vírus Zika. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o estado nutricional, o consumo alimentar e os fatores socioeconômicos que implicam na alimentação das crianças com microcefalia oriunda da infecção pelo Zika Vírus. Este estudo é uma pesquisa de campo descritiva, de delineamento transversal, que foi realizada com dez crianças na faixa etária de 2 a 3 anos. O estado nutricional foi avaliado utilizando balança digital e fita métrica, e os questionários sobre o consumo alimentar e condições socioeconômicas foram respondidos pelos cuidadores das crianças. Os resultados encontrados apresentaram inadequações das seguintes maneiras: 60% na estatura por idade, 50% no peso por idade e 40% no peso por estatura. Sobre a alimentação, 70% tinham uma alimentação inadequada e 60% apresentavam condições socioeconômicas de risco. Perante os achados, é possível interligar os fatores pesquisados com um retardo no desenvolvimento infantil. Portanto, ressalta-se que a microcefalia associada à alimentação inadequada e baixa condição social é capaz de agravar o estado nutricional.

Microcephaly is an untreated condition that leads to sensory, cognitive, motor, auditory and visual changes and can be acquired through congenital infection by the Zika Virus. Hence, this study evaluates the nutritional status, food consumption and socioeconomic factors that affect the nutrition of children with microcephaly transmitted by Zika Virus infection. A descriptive, cross-sectional field research was conducted with ten children aged 2 to 3 years. Nutritional status was assessed using a digital scale and measuring tape. Questionnaires on food consumption and socioeconomic conditions were answered by the children's caregivers. The results found presented the following inadequacies: 60% in height for age, 50% in weight for age, and 40% in weight for height. Regarding nutrition, 70% of the children had inadequate nutrition and 60% lived under risky socioeconomic conditions. Given these findings, the factors researched can be linked with a delay in child development. Therefore, microcephaly associated with inadequate nutrition and low social status can worsen nutritional status.

La microcefalia es una afección no tratada que conlleva cambios sensoriales, cognitivos, motores, auditivos y visuales, y puede adquirirse a través de una infección congénita por el virus Zika. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el estado nutricional, el consumo de alimentos y los factores socioeconómicos que afectan la nutrición de niños con microcefalia provocada por la infección por el virus Zika. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, de enfoque transversal, que se realizó con 10 niños de entre 2 y 3 años. El estado nutricional se evaluó mediante una balanza digital y una cinta métrica, y los cuidadores de los niños respondieron cuestionarios sobre consumo de alimentos y condiciones socioeconómicas. Los resultados encontrados presentaron insuficiencias en los siguientes aspectos: 60% en talla para la edad, 50% en peso para la edad y 40% en peso para la talla. En cuanto a la nutrición, el 70% tenía una nutrición inadecuada y el 60% tenía condiciones socioeconómicas de riesgo. Teniendo en cuenta los hallazgos, es posible relacionar los factores investigados con un retraso en el desarrollo infantil. Por tanto, cabe destacar que la microcefalia asociada a una nutrición inadecuada y un bajo estatus social es capaz de empeorar el estado nutricional.

Consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados en niños entre 6 y 23 meses según la Segunda Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud de Argentina / Consumption of ultra-processed foods among children aged 6 to 23 months as per the Second National Survey on Nutrition and Health of Argentina

Introducción. Contar con los datos del consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados en los niños resulta importante para planificar políticas públicas. Objetivos. Describir la prevalencia de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados en menores de 2 años e identificar factores asociados. Describir la proporción que los alimentos ultraprocesados representan del número total de los alimentos consumidos en el día. Métodos. Análisis secundario de los datos de niños entre 6 y 23 meses de edad con al menos un recordatorio de 24 horas de consumo de alimentos de la Segunda Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud de Argentina del año 2018. Se estudiaron como variables principales: "consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados" (según el sistema NOVA) categorizada en sí/no y la "proporción de ultraprocesados del total de alimentos consumidos". Los factores asociados explorados fueron lactancia materna, sexo, edad y el número de alimentos no ultraprocesados consumidos. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística multivariable y se aplicó un factor de expansión para ponderar los datos. Resultados. Se incluyeron 4224 niños (ponderado 908 104). La prevalencia de consumo de ultraprocesados fue del 90,8 % (IC95%: 89,5-92) y fue asociado con mayor edad (OR 3,21; IC95% 2,28-4,52) y con el número de alimentos no ultraprocesados consumidos (OR 1,17; IC95% 1,13-1,23). Los ultraprocesados representaron una mediana del 20 % (RIC: 12,5-28,6 %) del total de alimentos consumidos en el día. Conclusiones. Este estudio señala la alta penetración de los alimentos ultraprocesados en la alimentación complementaria.

Introduction. The availability of data on the consumption of ultra-processed foods among children is important for planning public policies. Objectives. To describe the prevalence of consumption of ultra-processed foods in children under 2 years of age and identify associated factors. To describe the proportion that ultra-processed foods represent out of the total number of foods consumed in a day. Methods. Secondary analysis of data from children aged 6­23 months with at least a 24-hour recall of food consumption based on the Second National Survey on Nutrition and Health of Argentina (2018). The following primary variables were studied: "consumption of ultra-processed foods" (according to the NOVA system) categorized into yes/no and "proportion of ultra-processed out of total foods consumed." The following associated factors were studied: breastfeeding, sex, age, and number of non-ultra-processed foods consumed. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed and an expansion factor was applied to weight the data. Results. A total of 4224 children were included (weighed: 908 104). The prevalence of ultra-processed food consumption was 90.8% (95% CI: 89.5­92) and was associated with an older age (OR: 3.21, 95% CI: 2.28­4.52) and the number of non-ultra-processed foods consumed (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.13­1.23). Ultra-processed foods accounted for a median 20% (IQR: 12.5­28.6%) of all foods consumed in a day. Conclusions. This study highlights the high penetration of ultra-processed foods in complementary feeding.

Consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y somatotipo en estudiantes de una institución educativa pública de la Amazonía Peruana / Consumption of ultra-processed foods and somatotype in students of a publiceducational institution in the Peruvian Amazon

Introducción: El consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados condiciona el biotipo de una persona. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y el somatotipo en escolares de una institución educativa pública de la región Loreto. Materiales y Métodos: se trata de una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, con un diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional. La muestra final del estudio estuvo conformada por 171 escolares del tercero, cuarto y quinto grado de nivel secundario durante el período académico correspondiente al año 2022 en la institución educativa pública 60050, República de Venezuela, Loreto (Perú). Se incluyó a estudiantes que entregaron el consentimiento y asentimiento informado, menores de 18 años y con matrícula vigente. La valoración antropométrica se realizó mediante el método de Health-Carter; la medición del nivel de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados se realizó mediante una la aplicación de una encuesta de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados. Para evaluar la asociación de las variables se utilizó la prueba estadística Chi cuadrado. Resultados: se logró determinar que el 47,4% de la población presenta como biotipo predominante el endomorfismo, con una mayor presencia de población femenina, que el 36,3% de la población presenta un biotipo mesomórfico y que el 16,4% presenta un biotipo ectomórfico. Al evaluar el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados, se determinó que el 58,5% de la población muestra tener un alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados, con una mayor presencia de la población masculina, que el 32,2% presenta un consumo en riesgo y que el 9,4% presenta un bajo consumo de estos. Al analizar la asociación entre el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y el somatotipo en escolares se obtuvo un valor p>0,05. Conclusión: el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados no tiene asociación con el somatotipo en escolares de una institución educativa pública en la Amazonía peruana.(AU)

Introduction: The consumption of ultra-processed food sconditions a person’s biotype. A parameter for its evaluationis the anthropometric assessment of the somatotype and asurvey of consumption of ultra-processed foods to assesstheir consumption levels. Objective: determine the association between the con-sumption of ultra-processed foods and somatotype in school-children from a public educational institution in the Peruvian Amazon. Materials and Methods: qualitative research approach,with a non-experimental, transversal and correlational design.The final sample of the study was made up of 171 studentsfrom the third, fourth and fifth grades of secondary schoolduring the academic period corresponding to the year 2022.It included students who provided informed consent and as-sent, under 18 years of age and with current registration. Theanthropometric assessment was performed using the Heath-Carter method; The measurement of the level of consumptionof ultra-processed foods was carried out through a food con-sumption frequency survey. Results: 47.4% of the population presents endomorphismas the predominant biotype, with a greater presence of thefemale population, 36.3% of the population presents a meso-morphic biotype and 16.4% presents an ectomorphic biotype.When evaluating the consumption of ultra-processed foods, itwas determined that 57.8% of the population shows a highconsumption of ultra-processed foods, with a greater pres-ence of the male population; that 32.2% have irrigation con-sumption and that 9.4% have low irrigation consumption. Theresults indicate that there is no statistically significant rela-tionship between the consumption of ultra-processed foodsand the type of somatotype present in the study population. Conclusion: Despite the high consumption of ultra-processed foods, no association was found with somatotype,because there are several factors that determine somatotypein this age group...(AU)

Fatty acid composition and metabolic pathways in Arbacia dufresnii (Arbaciidae: Arbacioida) gametes: implications of shrimp byproducts in aquaculture feeds / Composición de ácidos grasos y vías metabólicas en los gametos de Arbacia dufresnii (Arbaciidae: Arbacioida) implicaciones de los subproductos de langostinos en los alimentos de acuicultura

Abstract Introduction: Care towards nutrition is essential for the quality of a sustainable aquaculture product. Since the balance in food affects the growth and production of gametes. The circular economy is made possible through the use of discarded materials. Objective: The aim of this research was to study the fatty acid composition and metabolic pathways in the gametes of Arbacia dufresnii, with a focus on the implications of incorporating shrimp byproducts into aquaculture feeds. Methods: Four different treatments were designed to maintain optimal nutritional quality, particularly in lipids and proteins, based on previous studies. The fatty acid profiles of the feeds and gametes were analyzed by using gas-chromatography, and statistical analyses were conducted to determine significant differences. Results: Significant differences were observed in the abundance (%) of omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids. The (ω-3) metabolic pathway was more pronounced in the gametes of wild animals and those fed with the experimental feeds. In contrast, the (ω-6) metabolic pathway was less relevant in these groups. The (ω-3) /(ω-6) ratio was highest in the gametes of wild animals. Feeds enriched in fatty acids enhanced their bioaccumulation in the gametes reaching higher concentrations than wild animals. The availability of fatty acids in foods allowed their bioaccumulation in gametes, with concentrations equal to or higher than those observed in animals in their natural environment for certain fatty acids. Conclusions: Incorporating shrimp byproducts in aquaculture feeds demonstrated a promising strategy for resource utilization and organic input generation. The fatty acid composition in the gametes of A. dufresnii was influenced by the diet, highlighting the potential of balanced feeds to enhance the bioaccumulation of essential fatty acids. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of sustainable aquaculture practices and the production of nutritionally enriched seafood products.

Resumen Introducción: El cuidado hacia la nutrición es fundamental para la calidad de un producto acuícola sostenible. Ya que el balance en los alimentos afecta el crecimiento y producción de los gametos. A partir del aprovechamiento de materias de descarte se posibilita la economía circular. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la composición de ácidos grasos y las vías metabólicas en los gametos de Arbacia dufresnii, centrándose en las implicaciones de la incorporación de subproductos de camarones en los alimentos de acuicultura. Métodos: Se diseñaron cuatro tratamientos diferentes para mantener una calidad nutricional óptima, especialmente en lípidos y proteínas, basándose en estudios previos. Se analizaron los perfiles de ácidos grasos de los alimentos y los gametos mediante cromatografía de gases, y se realizaron análisis estadísticos para determinar diferencias significativas. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas en la abundancia (%) de ácidos grasos omega-3 (ω-3) y omega-6 (ω-6). La vía metabólica de (ω-3) fue más pronunciada en los gametos de los animales en su entorno natural y aquellos alimentados con los piensos experimentales. Por el contrario, la vía metabólica de (ω-6) tuvo menos relevancia en estos grupos. La relación (ω-3) /(ω-6) fue más alta en los gametos de los animales en su entorno natural. La disponibilidad de ácidos grasos en los alimentos permitió su bioacumulación en los gametos, con concentraciones iguales o superiores a las observadas en los animales en su entorno natural para ciertos ácidos grasos. Conclusiones: La incorporación de subproductos de camarones en los alimentos de acuicultura demostró ser una estrategia prometedora para la utilización de recursos y la generación de insumos orgánicos. La composición de ácidos grasos en los gametos de A. dufresnii fue influenciada por la dieta, destacando el potencial de los alimentos balanceados para mejorar la bioacumulación de ácidos grasos esenciales. Estos hallazgos brindan información valiosa para el desarrollo de prácticas sostenibles en acuicultura y la producción de productos marinos enriquecidos nutricionalmente.

Detección de indicadores de transgenicidad y de soya transgénica en alimentos industrializados expendidos en Lima Metropolitana / Detection of indicators of transgenicity and transgenic soybean in industrialized foods sold in Metropolitan Lima

RESUMEN Introducción. El consumo de alimentos industrializados que contienen organismos genéticamente modificados (OGM) se ha incrementado notablemente. Desde su inicio ha generado crecientes controversias debido a que se considera de riesgo para la salud. En Perú se carece de información científica sobre los OGM en alimentos industrializados. Objetivo. Detectar y cuantificar molecularmente los indicadores de transgenicidad P35S y TNOS, y la soya transgénica Roundup Ready en alimentos industrializados de soya; y verificar su mención en la etiqueta. Métodos. Analizamos 30 muestras, para extraer el ADN utilizamos los kits Dneasy Mericon Food y Dneasy Power Soil. Para la detección y cuantificación de las secuencias transgénicas usamos la técnica PCR en tiempo real con los kits Mericon. Resultados. Detectamos transgenicidad en el 100% de las muestras y soya Roundup Ready en el 66,7%. El número de copias/mL o g de muestra osciló entre 1,21E+0 y 8,88E+7. En el etiquetado del 93,3% de las muestras no hubo referencia a componentes transgénicos. Conclusión. Los hallazgos evidencian la urgente necesidad de que la legislación vigente se actualice de acuerdo con los conocimientos científicos y el desarrollo socioeconómico del país, protegiendo la salud y el derecho a la información de la población.

ABSTRACT Introduction. The consumption of industrialized foods that contain genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has increased significantly. Since its inception, it has generated growing controversies because it is considered a health risk. In Peru there is a lack of scientific information on GMOs in industrialized foods. Objetive. Molecularly detect and quantify transgenicity indicators P35S and TNOS, and of Roundup Ready transgenic soybeans in industrialized soy foods and verify their mention on the label. Methods. 30 samples were analyzed; To extract the DNA, the Dneasy Mericon Food and Dneasy Power Soil Kits were used, and for the detection and quantification of the transgenic sequences, the real-time PCR technique with the Mericon kits. In addition, the labeling was reviewed. Results. Transgenicity was detected in 100% of the samples and Soy RR in 66,67%; The number of copies/mL or g of sample ranged between 1,21E+0 and 8,88E+7 and in the labeling of 93,3% of the samples there was no reference to transgenic components. Conclusion. The findings show the urgent need for current legislation to be updated in accordance with the scientific knowledge and the socioeconomic development of the country, protecting health and the right to population information.

Datos de composición de alimentos en Costa Rica: Fuentes, usos e impacto en políticas públicas / Food Composition Data in Costa Rica: Sources, Uses, and impact on public policies

Introducción: Las bases de datos y las tablas de composición de alimentos (BDCA y TCA, respectivamente) contienen información sobre la composición química-nutricional de los alimentos. Objetivo: Definir las fuentes de los datos de composición de alimentos que se usan en Costa Rica y que impacto tienen a nivel de políticas públicas. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron las TCA y BDCA disponibles en Costa Rica desde 1960 hasta el 2020. Se encuestaron usuarios de datos de composición de alimentos. Se analizaron los usos de estos datos y algunos alcances a nivel de política pública. Resultados: Se identifica la utilización predominante de datos de la BDCA de Estados Unidos, los datos nacionales son desactualizados en su mayoría y hay pocos datos de análisis directo (químico) de alimentos. Se evidencia la importancia de contar con datos propios, actualizados y representativos de composición de alimentos para la toma de decisiones en salud pública. Conclusiones: Se deben vincular las instituciones generadoras y compiladoras para maximizar los recursos para fortalecer la disponibilidad de datos de composición de alimentos en el país. Se evidencia la necesidad de generar un Sistema Nacional de Datos de Composición de Alimentos que se ajuste a las necesidades identificadas en cuanto a la calidad y presentación de la información(AU)

Introduction: Databases and food composition tables (FCDB and FCT, respectively) provide information about the chemical-nutritional composition of foods. Objective: of this work was to define the sources of food composition data used in Costa Rica and their impact on public policies. Materials and methods: It was analyzed which TCA and FCDB have been available in Costa Rica from 1960 to 2020. Users were surveyed about food composition data. It was analyzed the uses of these data and some of their impacts on public policy. Results: The predominant use of data from the U.S. FCDB is identified, the national data are mostly outdated, and there is little data from direct (chemical) analysis of food. The importance of having our own, up- to-date, and representative data on food composition for public health decision-making is evident. Conclusions: Generating and compiling institutions should be linked to maximize resources to strengthen the availability of food composition data in the country. The need to generate a National Food Composition Data System that meets the identified needs in terms of quality and presentation of information is evident(AU)

Food consumption and remote working conditions among Brazilian Primary Schools teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic / Consumo de alimentos y condiciones de trabajo remoto en maestros brasileños de básica durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Introduction: Teaching work, which is characterized by being exhausting, with a significant workload, with synchronous and/or asynchronous remote classes. Objective: To describe associations between the working conditions of school teachers at home and their food consumption during the suspension of face-to-face classes. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study using a self-administered online questionnaire with 15,372 working teachers from Minas Gerais, Brazil. The dependent variables analyzed were the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods. Independent variables included sociodemographic factors, remote work conditions, understanding of online technologies, computer access, and quality of Internet connection. The Poisson model with robust variance was used to determine the association between working conditions and food consumption. Results: In the analysis of the adjusted multivariate model, there was a significant association between eating habits and the following variables: gender, age, working hours (per week), feelings regarding teachers' work during the pandemic, working hours during the pandemic and quality work internet connection. Our data shows that teachers' remote working conditions are associated with worse food consumption. They also showed that working hours equal to or greater than 40 hours per week, feelings of dissatisfaction with working conditions during the pandemic, increased working hours during the pandemic and poor quality of internet connection were variables correlated with the consumption of unhealthy foods. Conclusions: Remote working conditions during the pandemic influenced primary school teachers' food choices. More studies are needed to delve deeper into issues related to teachers' working conditions and the implications for food choices(AU)

Introducción: La labor docente se caracteriza por ser agotadora, con una importante carga horaria, con clases remotas síncronas y/o asíncronas. Objetivo: Describir la asociación existente entre las condiciones del trabajo remoto de los docentes de la educación básica y el consumo de sus alimentos durante el período de suspensión de las clases presenciales. Métodos: Es un estudio transversal mediante cuestionario en línea autoadministrado con 15.372 docentes activos en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Las variables dependientes analizadas fueron el consumo de los alimentos saludables y de los no saludables. Las variables independientes incluyeron los factores sociodemográficos, las condiciones del trabajo remoto, la comprensión de las tecnologías en línea, el acceso a las computadoras así como la calidad de la conexión a la Internet. Se utilizó el modelo de Poisson con variación robusta para determinar la asociación entre las condiciones del trabajo y el consumo de los alimentos. Resultados: En el análisis del modelo multivariado ajustado hubo una asociación significativa entre los hábitos alimentarios y las siguientes variables: el género, la edad, la jornada laboral semanal, el sentimiento sobre el trabajo durante la pandemia, la jornada laboral durante la pandemia y la calidad de la conexión a la internet. Nuestros datos demuestran que las condiciones del trabajo remoto de los docentes están asociadas con un empeoramiento en el consumo de los alimentos. También mostraron que la jornada laboral igual o superior a unas 40 horas semanales, los sentimientos de insatisfacción con las condiciones laborales, el aumento de la jornada laboral y la mala calidad de la conexión a la Internet durante la pandemia fueron variables correlacionadas con el consumo de alimentos no saludables. Conclusiones: Las condiciones del trabajo remoto durante la pandemia influyeron en las elecciones alimentarias de los docentes de la educación básica. Se necesitan más estudios para profundizar en los aspectos relacionados con las condiciones laborales de los docentes y sus implicaciones en la elección de sus alimentos(AU)

Relación entre el conocimiento de los padres del etiquetado nutricional y el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados con el estado nutricional de niños de 6 a 12 años / Relationship between parents' knowledge of nutritional labeling and the consumption of ultra-processed foods with the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 12 years

Fundamentos: La prevalencia del exceso de peso infantil ha ido incrementando cada año, lo cual está relacionado con diversos factores entre ellos se encuentra consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados. El objetivo fue determinar la relación existente entre el conocimiento de los padres acerca del etiquetado de información nutricional (etiquetado nutricional y al etiquetado frontal) y el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados con el estado nutricional de escolares de 6 a 12 años. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional y transversal, en una muestra total de 255 padres y escolares. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios para determinar el conocimiento del etiquetado nutricional de los padres y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados. Se hicieron mediciones antropométricas a los escolares. Resultados: Del total de los padres que participaron el 65,10% tenía un nivel de conocimiento bajo del etiquetado de información nutricional y el 80% un nivel de conocimiento deficiente del etiquetado frontal. Respecto a los escolares el 35,29% tuvieron un alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados, en el IMC se encontró que un 60,78% presentaban exceso de peso; acerca del perímetro abdominal (PAB) un 39,61% tenían un alto o muy alto riesgo cardio metabólico. Además, se encontró una relación significativa entre el conocimiento del etiquetado de información nutricional y el PAB (p<0,05), también se encontró una significancia estadística (p<0,01) entre el IMC y el PAB. Conclusiones: Existe relación significativa entre el conocimiento de etiquetado nutricional de los padres y el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados sobre el estado nutricional de los escolares de 6 a 12 años. (AU)

Background: The prevalence of childhood excess weight has been increasing each year, which is related to various factors, including the consumption of ultra-processed foods. The objective was to determine the relationship between parents' knowledge about nutritional information labeling (nutritional labeling and front labeling) and the consumption of ultra-processed foods with the nutritional status of schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. Methods: A quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study was carried out in a total sample of 255 parents and schoolchildren. Two questionnaires were applied to determine parents' knowledge of nutritional labeling and a frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were made to the schoolchildren. Results: Of the total number of parents who participated, 65.10% had a low level of knowledge of nutritional information labeling and 80% had a poor level of knowledge of front labeling. Regarding schoolchildren, 35.29% had a high consumption of ultra-processed foods, in the BMI it was found that 60.78% were overweight; Regarding PAB, 39.61% had a high or very high cardio-metabolic risk. In addition, a significant relationship was found between knowledge of nutritional information labeling and PAB (p<0.05), and a statistical significance (p<0.01) was also found between BMI and PAB. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between parents' knowledge of nutritional labeling and the consumption of ultra-processed foods on the nutritional status of schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. (AU)