Comparison of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-9 and SAVE-6 scales among healthcare workers in Peru.

Introduction: Peru is a country that has a high incidence of viral outbreaks and epidemics, which is why it is necessary to validate a scale that measures anxiety and stress in professionals who are on the front lines of these events. Therefore, our objective was to validate the Peruvian-Spanish version of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 items (SAVE-9) scale and to concurrently compare its validity and internal consistency with the SAVE-6 scale among healthcare workers (HCWs). Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on data collected from a self-reported survey in paper-and-pencil format between April and July 2023. A total of 203 HCWs participated in the research. We developed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT). We calculated Cronbach's α coefficient and McDonald's ω to assess the internal consistency of the scales. Results: The results show that SAVE-9 (a two-factor model) and SAVE-6 (a one-factor model) provided an excellent fit in the confirmatory factor analysis. Both scales demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.85 and 0.86, respectively). Significant correlations were found between the SAVE-9 and SAVE-6 scales and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items scale (r = 0.44 and r = 0.38, respectively, p < 0.001) as well as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items (r = 0.39 and r = 0.35, respectively, p < 0.001). The optimal cutoff points for SAVE-9 and SAVE-6 were identified for assessing anxiety, aligned with a GAD-7 score ≥5 points. Conclusion: The Peruvian-Spanish SAVE-9 and SAVE-6 scales are reliable and valid rating scales to assess the anxiety response of HCWs in response to viral epidemics. Though COVID-19 is diminished, these scales will be useful for other viral epidemics in the future.

Development of the Child- and Parent-Rated Scales of Food Allergy Anxiety (SOFAA).

BACKGROUND: Anxiety can be excessive and impairing in children with food allergy (FA). There is no accepted condition-specific measure of anxiety for this population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity and reliability of new child- and parent-rated measures of FA-related anxiety in youth. METHODS: Items for the Scale of Food Allergy Anxiety (SOFAA) were developed by a cognitive-behavioral therapist specializing in pediatric anxiety, in consultation with FA medical professionals and parents of children with FA. Dyads (n = 77) of children with FA (aged 8-18 years; 42.9% females) and their parents (95.5% females) completed full versions of the SOFAA (21 items; scored 0-4) via online survey. RESULTS: The child-rated SOFFA-C mean score was 29.1 ± 18.3; the parent-rated SOFAA-P mean score was 33.9 ± 16.1. Higher scores indicate higher reported anxiety. Coefficient alphas were 0.94 and 0.92. Factor analyses and item-response theory analyses supported the creation of the 14-item SOFAA-C-brief and the 7-item SOFAA-P-brief, accounting for 93% and 79% of total variance, respectively. Correlations revealed strong convergence between child- and parent-report for both the full (r = 0.85) and brief (r = 0.79) versions. Correlations with a generic measure of child anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders) and the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire ranged from moderate to strong, whereas those with a generic measure of child eating problems (About Your Child's Eating) were weak to moderate, supporting convergent and divergent validity. Scores of 48 dyads who completed SOFAAs at time 2 (mean, 16.0 days) appeared stable over time, supporting test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS: The 21-item SOFAA-C and SOFAA-P are reliable and valid scales for measuring condition-specific anxiety in youth with FA. As shorter screening measures, the SOFAA-C-brief and the SOFAA-P-brief are also reliable and valid.

The effects of COVID-19 fear and anxiety on symptom severity, sleep quality, and mood in patients with fibromyalgia: a pilot study

Abstract Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals faced psychological stress caused by fear and anxiety due to the high transmission and mortality rate of the disease, the social isolation, economic problems, and difficulties in reaching health services. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic centralized pain sensitivity disorder. Psychological, physical and/or autoimmune stressors were found to increase FM symptoms. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 fear and anxiety level, and to examine their effect on disease severity, sleep quality, and mood in FM patients compared to control group. Methods: This pilot study conducted as a cross-sectional study, and included 62 participants. Participants were divided into two groups: FM patient group ( n = 31) and control group ( n = 31). Symptom severity, sleep quality, and mood were determined using the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), Pitsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), respectively. In order to evaluate the level of COVID-19 fear and anxiety, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used compared to control group. Results: FIQR, PSQI, HAD-A, HAD-D, FCV-19S and CAS scores were significantly higher in the FM group ( p = 0.01). A positive significant correlation was found between FCV-19S and CAS results and FIQR, PSQI, and HAD-anx results in FM patients ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: This pilot study showed that, the individuals with FM can be more affected by psychological stress, and this situation negatively affects the symptom severity, sleep quality, and mood in FM patients, so these patients should be closely monitored in terms of psychological stressors and their effects during pandemics. More studies with more participants are necessary to describe the challenges lived by fibromyalgia population.

Pain and anxiety in office histeroscopy

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Anxiety is almost always present before medical interventions and may play a role in pain perception. We aim to evaluate factors associated with pain intensity reported by patients submitted to Office Hysteroscopy (OH). METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study, with data from April to November 2015. It included patients attended at the Assis Chateaubriand Maternity School (MEAC/UFC) with an indication of office hysteroscopy. Before the examination, the patients answered a validated questionnaire about anxiety (STAI). After the examination, women answered the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0, with Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney U-test, and analyses of variance. RESULTS: 252 patients were included, with a mean age of 45.7 years, of whom 29% were postmenopausal (mean pain 5.5) and 71% were in menacme (mean pain 5.1) (p = 0.258). The anxiety trait and state showed a significant influence on the pain scale (p <0.001 and p=0.001), but age or endometrial sample did not. 27% of the patients were nulliparous. Less pain was associated with the number (p=0.01) and vaginal (p=0.005) of deliveries. The main indication for the procedure was abnormal uterine bleeding (54.4%). CONCLUSION: OH may be associated with moderate but tolerable discomfort. There was a significant correlation between higher scores on the pain scale and anxiety. There was evidence of reduced pain with parity and type of delivery, but not with reproductive age or endometrial biopsy.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A ansiedade está quase sempre presente antes de intervenções médicas e pode desempenhar um papel importante na percepção da dor. Buscou-se avaliar os fatores associados à intensidade da dor relatados pelos pacientes submetidos a histeroscopia ambulatorial (HA). MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal, com dados de abril a novembro de 2015. Foram incluídas pacientes atendidas na Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand (Meac/UFC) com indicação de HA. Antes do exame, as pacientes responderam a um questionário validado sobre ansiedade (IAM). Após o exame, as mulheres responderam à Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). Os dados foram analisados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0, com correlação de Spearman, teste U de Mann-Whitney e Anova. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas 252 pacientes, com idade média de 45,7 anos, das quais 29% estavam na pós-menopausa (dor média 5,5) e 71% eram menacme (dor média 5,1) (p = 0,258). O traço e o estado de ansiedade mostraram influência significativa na escala de dor (p<0,001 e p=0,001). Vinte e sete por cento das pacientes eram nulíparas. Menor dor foi associada ao número (p=0,01) e tipo vaginal (p=0,005) de partos. A principal indicação para o procedimento foi sangramento uterino anormal (54,4%); 66,1% necessitaram de amostra endometrial. CONCLUSÕES: A HA pode estar associada a um desconforto moderado, mas tolerável. Houve correlação significativa entre escores mais altos na escala de dor e ansiedade, menor paridade, mas não com idade reprodutiva ou procedimento de biópsia endometrial.

Evaluation of Child Anxiety Prior to Dental Care by Means of Modified Venham Picture Test, RMS Pictorial Scale and Facial Image Scale Tests

Abstract Objective: To evaluate child anxiety prior to dental care; to compare the results obtained by applying different anxiety tests and to assess whether anxiety is related to age or gender, and to identify which test children find to be more attractive and easier to understand. Material and Methods: The research was performed with 30 children of both genders and age group of 4-9 years distributed into Group 1 = children aged 4, 5 and 6 years and Group 2 = children aged 7, 8 and 9 years. Modified Venham Picture Test (VPT), RMS Pictorial Scale (RMS-PS) and Facial Image Scale (FIS) were the anxiety evaluation tests used. For statistical analysis, the Shapiro Wilk Normality test, Spearman correlation and the Independent Proportions test were used. Results: Modified VPT identified 70% anxiety-free children, RMS-PS 90%, and FIS 87%. RMS-PS and FIS scores had moderate correlation (51%). Regarding age groups, no significant difference was found between proportions of group 1 and group 2. According to gender, in 11 girls, the modified VPT test identified 3 (27%) with some anxiety degree; RMS-PS test identified 1 (9%) and FIS test 2 (18%). In 19 boys, modified VPT test identified 6 (32%) with some anxiety degree; RMS-PS test identified 2 (11%) and the FIS test 2 (11%). The test that was the easiest to understand was the modified VPT (54%) and regarding attractiveness, modified VPT and RMS-PS presented similar results, 40% each. Conclusion: All three tests were able to identify anxiety prior to dental care. The evaluation of results showed that the more the children could identify themselves with the test, the more they found it to be easy and attractive.

Instrumentos de avaliação da ansiedade da criança hospitalizada / Instrumentos de evaluación de ansiedad de niños hospitalizados / Anxiety assessment tools in hospitalized children

Resumo Objetivo Identificar na literatura os instrumentos existentes para a avaliação da ansiedade em crianças hospitalizadas. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. As buscas foram realizadas de janeiro a maio de 2017 nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, LILACS e CINAHL, com os descritores anxiety, hospitalized child, inpatients, children, emotional responses, emotional manifestation, emotional reactions, validation studies, manifest anxiety scale e test anxiety scale. Resultados Após a seleção, foram analisados 33 artigos, sendo identificados dez instrumentos para a avaliação da ansiedade da criança. Oito instrumentos utilizaram a Escala de Likert nas respostas, um empregou a escala analógica de um a dez e o único instrumento que utilizou uma estratégia lúdica, o desenho dirigido, foi o Child Drawing: Hospital. Conclusão Recomenda-se a tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação do instrumento CD:H. Este estudo visa contribuir para o conhecimento dos enfermeiros pediatras no manejo da ansiedade da criança em unidades pediátricas, a fim de diminuir seu sofrimento emocional durante a hospitalização.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar en la literatura los instrumentos existentes para evaluar la ansiedad de niños hospitalizados. Métodos Se trata de una revisión integradora. Las búsquedas se realizaron de enero a mayo de 2017 en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, LILACS y CINAHL, con los descriptores anxiety, hospitalized child, inpatients, children, emotional responses, emotional manifestation, emotional reactions, validation studies, manifest anxiety scale y test anxiety scale. Resultados Luego de realizar la selección, se analizaron 33 artículos, en los que se identificaron diez instrumentos para evaluar la ansiedad de niños. Ocho instrumentos utilizaron la escala de Likert en las respuestas, uno empleó la escala analógica de uno a diez y el único instrumento que utilizó una estrategia lúdica, el dibujo dirigido, fue el Child Drawing: Hospital. Conclusión Se recomienda la traducción, adaptación transcultural y validación del instrumento CH:H. Este estudio tiene el objetivo de contribuir para el conocimiento de los enfermeros pediatras en el manejo de la ansiedad de los niños en unidades pediátricas, a fin de reducir su sufrimiento emocional durante la hospitalización.

Abstract Objective Identify existing tools for the assessment of anxiety in hospitalized children in the literature. Methods An integrative review was undertaken. The searches took place from January to May 2017 in the following databases: PubMed, LILACS and CINAHL, using the descriptors anxiety, hospitalized child, inpatients, children, emotional responses, emotional manifestation, emotional reactions, validation studies, manifest anxiety scale and test anxiety scale. Results After the selection, 33 articles were analyzed, in which 10 child anxiety assessment tools were identified. Eight instruments used the Likert scale in the answers, one used the analogue scale from one to ten and the only instrument that used a playful strategy, directed drawing, was the Child Drawing: Hospital. Conclusion The translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the CD:H is recommended. This study aims to contribute to pediatric nurses' knowledge in the management of child anxiety in pediatric wards, with a view to reducing their emotional suffering during hospitalization.

Evaluation of anxiety levels and their characteristics in dental care: Cross-sectional study.

CONTEXT: Anxiety is defined as an emotion produced by a set of feelings and physical changes. Many patients are afraid of some procedures involved in dental therapy. AIM: The objective of this study was to verify the anxiety of patients regarding the visits to dental clinics of a higher education institution, as well as to observe the moment of greatest anxiety. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: It is a cross-sectional observational study including 94 patients from the dental clinics of an educational institution in a city of southern Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, composed of four questions, was used to evaluate the dental anxiety levels of all patients. The sample universe included registered patients under treatment in the clinics of the studied institution, from August to November of 2016. We included only healthy patients over 18-year old who were subjected to surgical and nonsurgical procedures. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data were analyzed through descriptive statistic to verify the frequency distribution of all variables. Pearson's Chi-square test, at 5% significance level and 95% confidence interval, was used to evaluate the association between the dependent variable (dental treatment anxiety) and the independent variables (demographics), aided by the SPSS software 20.0. Results: It was found that most of the participants were not anxious (69.1%) and the moment of greatest anxiety reported was before local anesthesia. In addition, statistics showed no correlation among gender, age group, and type of procedure performed. It was possible to conclude that the level of anxiety of the patients regarding the dental care performed in the clinics of the studied institution was low for both surgical and nonsurgical procedures. CONCLUSION: This survey revealed that the moment of greatest anxiety for the patients was before the anesthetic procedure, and gender, age, and type of procedure did not influence the level of anxiety felt by the patient.

Comparison of anxiety and child-care education characteristics of mothers who have children with or without speech delays / Comparação da ansiedade e características da educação infantil em mães com filhos com ou sem atrasos na fala

Abstract Introduction: Speech delay in a child could be the cause and/or result of the emotional disorder. The child rearing attitude that the parents have accepted could have both positive and negative effects on the personality of the child. Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic features and the mothers' anxiety of children with speech delay. Methods: One hundred five mothers with children aged between 3 and 6 years with speech delays were included in the patient group, and 105 mothers who have children aged between 3 and 6 years with normal speech and language development were included in the control group. An information form questionnaire including demographic characteristics, the Family Life and Childrearing Attitude Scale (PARI - Parental Attitude Research Instrument) and Beck anxiety scale were requested from all mothers in the patient and the control groups. Results: In the current study, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of gender (p = 0.001). According to Parental Attitude Research Instrument, the mean of mothers of the children with speech delays was higher than the mean of mothers of normal children in terms of the answers to overprotective mother aspect (p < 0.01). The mothers of children with speech delays had more overprotective motherhood attitudes; however, the difference in terms of the answers to the aspects of democratic attitude and provision of equality, refusal to be a housewife, husband-wife conflict, and suppression and discipline were not statistically significant. The Beck anxiety scale, a significant difference was detected between the two groups (p < 0.01). It was found that the mothers of children with speech delays had more severe levels of anxiety. Conclusion: The social structure of the family, the attitudes and the behaviors of the mother, and the anxiety levels of the mothers have important effects on child development. Thus, it is necessary to perform further studies related to speech delays, in which many factors play a role in the etiology.

Resumo Introdução: O atraso da fala em uma criança pode ser a causa e/ou o resultado de distúrbio emocional. As atitudes tomadas pelos pais na educação da criança podem ter efeitos positivos e negativos sobre a personalidade infantil. Objetivo: Investigar as características sociodemográficas e a ansiedade das mães de crianças com atraso na fala. Método: Foram incluídas no grupo de pacientes 105 mães com crianças entre 3 e 6 anos de idade e atrasos na fala e no grupo controle 105 mães com crianças na mesma faixa etária e desenvolvimento normal da fala e da linguagem. Foi solicitado às mães de ambos os grupos o preenchimento de informações em um formulário, incluindo características demográficas, o instrumento Family Life and Child Rearing Attitude Scale (PARI - Parental Attitude Research Instrument) e o inventário de ansiedade Beck. Resultados: No estudo atual, houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação ao gênero (p = 0,001). De acordo com o instrumento Parental Attitude Research Instrument, a média das mães das crianças com atrasos na fala foi maior do que a média das mães de crianças normais em relação às respostas sobre superproteção materna (p < 0,01). As mães de crianças com atrasos na fala apresentaram mais atitudes de proteção materna excessiva; no entanto, a diferença das respostas sobre atitudes democráticas e igualitarismo, recusa do papel de dona de casa, conflito marital e disciplina rígida não foram estatisticamente significantes. No inventário de ansiedade de Beck foi encontrada uma diferença significativa entre os dois grupos (p < 0,01). Verificou-se que as mães de crianças com atrasos na fala apresentavam níveis mais graves de ansiedade. Conclusão: A estrutura social da família, as atitudes, o comportamento e os níveis de ansiedade das mães têm efeitos importantes no desenvolvimento da criança. Conclui-se, portanto, a necessidade de realizar estudos adicionais relacionados aos atrasos na fala, nos quais diversos fatores desempenham um papel etiológico.

Heart rate variability, salivary cortisol and competitive state anxiety responses during pre-competition and pre-training moments.

The study aimed to investigate physiological and psychological states prior to competition and prior to training in three different demanding activities. Eighteen canoe athletes, 18 street runners and 18 jiu-jitsu fighters were included in this study (n=54). The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), salivary cortisol and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured at two time points (pre-training and pre-competition). Somatic anxiety (F1,42 = 15.29, p = 0.0003), HRV (F1,42 = 23.24, p < 0.0001) and salivary cortisol (F1,42 = 22.96, p < 0.0001) were significantly greater at the pre-competition measurement point than at the pre-training point, but without a main effect of the type of athlete on these variables. A main effect of the type of athlete was found on somatic anxiety (F2,42 = 6.58, p = 0.0033), cognitive anxiety (F2,42 = 10.69, p = 0.0002) and self-confidence (F2,42 = 5.42, p = 0.0080). Correlations between most CSAI-2 and physiological parameters were not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicated that both emotional indices and psychophysiological indices of stress are higher before competition than before training, with differences between emotional states between these sports. Although correlations between emotional states and psycho-physiological states before competition and before training were largely non-significant, these findings reinforce the importance of psychological monitoring of athletes in association with traditional physiological markers such as cortisol and HRV in sportive training programmes as complementary resources to improve both competition performance and the training routine.

Evaluation of Children's and Adolescents's Anxiety Previously Dental Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To evaluate levels of anxiety in children and adolescents related to age and experience of visits to the dentist using the modified Venham Picture Test (VPTm). Material and Methods: This is a quantitative cross-sectional study with convenience sample. Children and adolescents of both sexes, subdivided into age groups of 6-9 years (A1 and A2) and 10-13 years (B1 and B2), in the waiting room of a Dental Clinic, were grouped according to the experience of visits to the dentist (have been to the dentist / have never been to the dentist). Descriptive statistics were mean, standard deviation and frequency of cases. The Kolmogorov- Smirnov (K-S) was used for normality analysis, with 95% significance level. Inferential statistics was performed using the Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests, with p<0.05. Results: In total, 60 children and 60 adolescents were evaluated, 65 (54.16%) males and 55 (45.83%) females. No differences were observed between genders in groups A1 and A2 (p = 0.30) and B1 and B2 (p = 0.94). The highest means of the VPTm scale were observed in groups A2 and B2 (2.87 ± 2.30 and 2.13 ± 1.29) and the lowest in groups A1 and B1 (1.13 ± 1.45 and 1.20 ± 1.29), respectively. Statistical differences were observed for the mean VPTm scores between age groups A1 and A2 (p = 0.004) and B1 and B2 (p = 0.018). Conclusion: The level of anxiety was inversely proportional to age, so younger children were more anxious; it was also observed that children and adolescents who had never been to the dentist tended to be more anxious.

Validation of an anxiety scale for prenatal diagnostic procedures / Validação de uma escala de ansiedade para procedimentos diagnósticos prénatais

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Prenatal Diagnostic Procedures Anxiety Scale questionnaire for application in the Brazilian cultural context. METHODS: The translation and back translation processes followed internationally accepted criteria. A committee of experts evaluated the semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalence, proposing a pre-final version that was applied in 10.0% of the final sample. Afterwards, the final version was approved for the psychometric analysis. At that stage, 55 pregnant women participated which responded to the proposed Brazilian version before taking an ultrasound examination at a public hospital in Santa Catarina, in the year of 2017. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used as an external reliability parameter. The internal consistency of the instrument was obtained by Cronbach's alpha. Validation was performed by exploratory factorial analysis with extraction of principal components by the Kaiser-Guttman method and Varimax rotation. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha value of the total instrument was 0.886, and only the percentage of variance from item 2 (0.183) was not significant. The Kaiser-Guttman criterion defined three factors responsible for explaining 78.5% of the variance, as well as the Scree plot. Extraction of the main components by the Varimax method presented values from 0.713 to 0.926, with only item 2 being allocated in the third component. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version is reliable and valid for use in the diagnosis of anxiety related to the performance of ultrasound procedures in prenatal care. Due to the lack of correlation with the rest of the construct, it is suggested that item 2 be removed from the final version.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Proceder à adaptação transcultural do questionário Prenatal Diagnostic Procedures Anxiety Scale para aplicação no contexto cultural brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Os processos de tradução e retrotradução seguiram critérios aceitos internacionalmente. Um comitê de especialistas avaliou as equivalências semântica, idiomática, experimental e conceitual, propondo uma versão pré-final que foi aplicada em 10,0% da amostra final. Em seguida, foi aprovada a versão final para a análise psicométrica. Nessa etapa participaram 55 gestantes que responderam à versão brasileira proposta antes de realizarem um exame ultrassonográfico em um hospital público de Santa Catarina, no ano de 2017. A Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale foi utilizada como parâmetro de confiabilidade externa. A consistência interna do instrumento foi obtida pelo alfa de Cronbach. A validação foi realizada por análise fatorial exploratória com extração de componentes principais pelo método de Kaiser-Guttman e rotação Varimax. RESULTADOS: O alfa de Cronbach do instrumento total foi 0,886, e apenas o percentual de variância do item 2 (0,183) não foi significativo. O critério de Kaiser-Guttman definiu três fatores responsáveis por explicar 78,5% da variância, assim como o gráfico de Escarpa. A extração dos componentes principais pelo método Varimax apresentou valores de 0,713 a 0,926, sendo apenas o item 2 alocado no terceiro componente. CONCLUSÕES: A versão brasileira é confiável e válida para uso no diagnóstico de ansiedade relacionada à realização de procedimentos ultrassonográficos no pré-natal. Devido à falta de correlação com o restante do construto, sugere-se a retirada do item 2 da versão final.

Comparison of anxiety and child-care education characteristics of mothers who have children with or without speech delays.

INTRODUCTION: Speech delay in a child could be the cause and/or result of the emotional disorder. The child rearing attitude that the parents have accepted could have both positive and negative effects on the personality of the child. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic features and the mothers' anxiety of children with speech delay. METHODS: One hundred five mothers with children aged between 3 and 6 years with speech delays were included in the patient group, and 105 mothers who have children aged between 3 and 6 years with normal speech and language development were included in the control group. An information form questionnaire including demographic characteristics, the Family Life and Childrearing Attitude Scale (PARI - Parental Attitude Research Instrument) and Beck anxiety scale were requested from all mothers in the patient and the control groups. RESULTS: In the current study, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of gender (p=0.001). According to Parental Attitude Research Instrument, the mean of mothers of the children with speech delays was higher than the mean of mothers of normal children in terms of the answers to overprotective mother aspect (p<0.01). The mothers of children with speech delays had more overprotective motherhood attitudes; however, the difference in terms of the answers to the aspects of democratic attitude and provision of equality, refusal to be a housewife, husband-wife conflict, and suppression and discipline were not statistically significant. The Beck anxiety scale, a significant difference was detected between the two groups (p<0.01). It was found that the mothers of children with speech delays had more severe levels of anxiety. CONCLUSION: The social structure of the family, the attitudes and the behaviors of the mother, and the anxiety levels of the mothers have important effects on child development. Thus, it is necessary to perform further studies related to speech delays, in which many factors play a role in the etiology.

Children and Young Anxiety ScaleCYAS: Scale Development and Psychometric Properties in Brazilian Sample.

The aim of the study was to search for evidence of validity based on the relationship with external variables, and incrementally for the Child-Youth Anxiety Scale (CYAS). The convenience sample consists of 500 children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. The correlation between the scores of the CYAS factors and the scores of the instruments of the other constructs ADHD (MTA-SNAP-IV), anxiety (OQPS), rumination (QRR) and mood states (BRUMS) was initially performed, finding medium and strong correlations, which shows a satisfactory linear relation between the constructs to attest validity based on the relation with external variables. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was also performed with total MTA-SNAP-IV and its factors as criterion. In the modeling, it was possible to observe that, when introduced in the models, the CYAS becomes the latent variable with the greatest contribution, decreasing and canceling the OQPS contribution. These results affirm incremental validity for the CYAS.

El objetivo del estudio fue buscar pruebas de validez basadas en la relación con variables externas, y de forma incremental para la Escala de Ansiedad Infantil-Juvenil (CYAS). La muestra por conveniencia está formada por 500 niños y adolescentes de 10 a 18 años. La correlación entre los puntajes de los factores CYAS y los puntajes de los instrumentos de las otras construcciones TDAH (MTA-SNAP-IV), ansiedad (OQPS), ruminación (QRR) y estados de ánimo (BRUMS) se realizó inicialmente, encontrando correlaciones medio y fuerte, lo que muestra una relación lineal satisfactoria entre los constructos para certificar la validez en función de la relación con las variables externas. También se realizaron modelos de ecuación estructural (SEM) con MTA-SNAP-IV total y sus factores como criterio. En el modelado fue posible observar que, cuando se introdujo en los modelos, el CYAS se convierte en la variable latente con la mayor contribución, disminuyendo y cancelando la contribución de OQPS. Estos resultados afirman la validez incremental para el CYAS.

Anxiety of parents and children in dental care / Ansiedade dos pais e crianças no tratamento odontológico

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the prevalence and association of parents' and children's anxiety concerning socioeconomic variables and child's behavior during dental care. Methods: This was a quantitative, observational, transversal and descriptive study. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire aiming at sociodemographic data and dental experience as well as Venham Picture Test, Corah Dental Anxiety Scales and Frankl Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square and Fisher's exact test), α = 0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 7 to 9 year- old children (57.9%.), of whom 72.6% were submitted to invasive procedures. The prevalence of anxiety among children was 43.2% (n = 41). Regarding parents / guardians, the prevalence of anxiety was 88.4% (n = 84). A significant association was found between the dental appointment experience and the child's anxiety (p = 0.050) using the VPT. A significant association between anxiety and the type of dental procedure (p = 0.017) as well as the child's experience (p = 0.000) using the Frankl scale. Conclusion: There was no association between anxiety and socioeconomic variables. In the variables related to dental experiences, a significant association was found between the experience of the dental appointment and the anxiety of the child using the VPT scale. An association between anxiety and the type of procedure was observed, as well as dental appointment experience, using Frankl scale.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência e a associação da ansiedade dos pais e filhos entre as variáveis socioeconômicas frente ao comportamento da criança durante o atendimento odontológico. Métodos: Este estudo foi caracterizado como quantitativo, observacional, transversal e descritivo. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos e experiência dentária, Escalas de Teste de Imagem de Venham, Escalas de Ansiedade Odontológica de Corah e Escala de Ansiedade de Frankl. Os dados foram analisados utilizando estatística descritiva e inferencial (Qui-quadrado e Teste exato de Fisher), α=0.05. Resultados: A maioria das crianças pertencia à faixa etária de 7 a 9 anos, 57,9%. Destas, 72,6% foram submetidos a procedimentos invasivos. A prevalência de ansiedade das crianças foi de 43,2% (n=41). Quanto aos pais/responsáveis, a prevalência de ansiedade foi de 88,4% (n=84). Foi verificada associação significativa entre experiência da consulta e ansiedade da criança (p= 0,050) utilizando a escala VTP. E foi verificada associação significativa entre a ansiedade e o tipo de procedimento (p= 0,017) e a experiência da criança (p=0,000) utilizando a escala de Frankl. Conclusão: Não houve associação entre ansiedade e as variáveis socioeconômicas. Nas variáveis relacionadas as experiências odontológicas, foi verificada associação significativa entre a experiência da consulta e a ansiedade da criança utilizando a escala VTP. Na escala de Frankl foi observada associação entre ansiedade e o tipo de procedimento, e experiência da consulta.

Nivel de ansiedad de los pacientes antes de ingresar a la consulta odontológica / Dental Anxiety Before a Dentist Appointment / Nível de ansiedade em pacientes antes de ingressar à consulta odontológica

Resumen Introducción: la ansiedad dental o miedo al tratamiento odontológico es una de las dificultades más frecuentes para el profesional, y esto puede tener un impacto considerable en la salud oral. El objetivo es evaluar el nivel de ansiedad de los pacientes que acudieron a las consultas en la clínica odontológica de una empresa privada de servicios odontológicos, en 2015. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal en el que se utilizó la Escala de Ansiedad Dental de Corah Modificada (MDAS), y se interrogó sobre la ansiedad que generan los componentes de la consulta odontológica. Resultados: participaron un total de 297 adultos de los cuales 54.85 % fueron varones y la mediana de edad fue 28 años. Se obtuvo un bajo número de pacientes con ansiedad extrema (7.74 %), siendo el porcentaje más elevado para la inyección de anestésico local (85.52 %). El 17.85 % obtuvo un nivel de ansiedad elevada y el 17.85 % severa. El componente de la consulta odontológica que generó mayor nivel de ansiedad fue la extracción dental con 40.40 %. Conclusión: el paciente debe sentirse lo más relajado posible al ir a una consulta odontológica por lo que se necesitan charlas a los proveedores de salud dental acerca de las diferentes técnicas para disminuir la ansiedad dental del paciente.

Abstract Introduction: Dental anxiety or consulting fear to dentist appointment and/or dental treatment, is one of the most frequent problems to the professional which can have an impact to the oral health. The objective is to assess the level of anxiety in patients that attend to appointments in a dental clinic from a private company of dental care in the year of 2015. Materials and methods: The study design is cross-sectional, Corah's Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was utilized. And question were made about the components of dental services that generate dental anxiety. Results: The sample consisted of 297 adult patients, 54.85 % were males and middle age was 28. It was obtained a low number of patients with extreme anxiety (7.74 %) according to the questions; being the highest percentage for local anesthetic injection for dental treatment (85.52 %). A 17.85 % had a high level of anxiety and 17.85 % had a severe level of anxiety. The component that caused anxiety the most was tooth extraction with a 40.40 %. Conclusion: The patient must feel as relax as possible when going to a dentist appointment that is why would be needed to speak with care providers about different techniques to reduce dental anxiety on patients.

Resumo Introdução: a ansiedade dental ou medo ao tratamento odontológico, é uma das dificuldades mais frequentes para o profissional, que pode ter impacto na saúde oral. O objetivo é avaliar o nível de ansiedade dos pacientes que acudiram às consultas na clínica odontológica de uma empresa privada de serviços odontológicos, no ano 2015. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal no qual utilizou-se a Escala de Ansiedade Dental de Corah Modificada (MDAS), e se interrogou sobre a ansiedade que geram os componentes da consulta odontológica. Resultados: participaram um total de 297 adultos dos quais 54.85 % foram homens e a idade média foi 28 anos. Obteve-se um número baixo de pacientes com ansiedade extrema (7.74 %), senda a porcentagem mais elevado para a injeção de anestésico local (85.52 %). O 17.85 % obteve um nível de ansiedade elevada e o 17.85 % severa. O componente da consulta odontológica que gerou maior nível de ansiedade foi a extração dental com 40.40 %. Conclusão: o paciente deve se sentir o mais relaxado possível ao ir a uma consulta odontológica pelo que precisam-se conversas aos provedores de saúde dental acerca das diferentes técnicas para diminuir a ansiedade dental do paciente.

Adaptação cultural do instrumento Child Drawing: hospital / Cultural adaptation of the instrument Child Drawing: Hospital

Introdução: A hospitalização representa para as crianças um momento geralmente assustador e incomum à sua rotina, pois frequentemente são submetidas a procedimentos hospitalares, bem como a tratamentos terapêuticos que podem acarretar dor, sofrimentos físicos e psicológicos. Estudos demonstram que, apesar de algumas crianças verbalizarem suas necessidades e sentimentos, outras não o fazem tão claramente, o que exige do profissional de enfermagem uma abordagem mais lúdica e criativa, tal como o desenho. Entretanto, é importante também realizar intervenções nessas necessidades, tornando-se imprescindíveis escalas e instrumentos validados para proceder tal ação. Um dos instrumentos existentes, porém ainda não traduzido e adaptado no Brasil, é o CD:H Child Drawing: Hospital, um instrumento que analisa a ansiedade de crianças hospitalizadas em idade escolar por meio do desenho. O instrumento CD:H é peculiar, no sentido que o que deve ser traduzido são as instruções de aplicação do instrumento e de análise do desenho realizado pela criança. Apesar de ser aplicado em crianças, o profissional que utiliza o instrumento é quem deve entender as instruções de aplicação e análise, a fim de que todos os profissionais que o utilizarem possam chegar ao mesmo diagnóstico do nível de ansiedade, confirmando a sua aplicabilidade. Objetivo e Método: O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar o instrumento para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil, de acordo com as diretrizes de adaptação transcultural de Guillemin, Beaton e Bombardier (1993) e Beaton et al. (1998, 2000, 2007) adotando os seguintes passos: a) Tradução; b) Revisão e Síntese das traduções; c) Comitê de Juízes; d) Retrotradução; e) Reavaliação da pontuação dos resultados; f) Validação de face e de conteúdo. Resultados: Foram realizadas duas traduções independentes do inglês para o português por duas pessoas fluentes na língua pretendida. Após as traduções, pesquisadora, orientadora e tradutora realizaram reuniões para gerar a síntese das traduções. O Comitê de Juízes foi composto por oito enfermeiros de quatro regiões do Brasil: Sul, Sudeste, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. O valor mínimo necessário de Razão de Validade de Conteúdo (RVC) deveria ser igual ou maior a 0,75, a partir do cálculo realizado pelo psicometrista pelo Critério de Lawshe (Wilson, Pan, Schumsky, 2012). O instrumento como um todo foi bem avaliado pelo Comitê de Juízes, com boa validade semântica e de conteúdo, com RVC=1 (66,95%) e RVC de 0,75 a 1 em 175 itens do CD:H VB (73,23%). Os 15 itens discordantes (6,28%), que receberam o índice RVC de 0,75, tiveram modificações gramaticais para uma melhor adequação do instrumento. Foi elaborada somente uma retrotradução do português para o inglês e a revisão do instrumento por um professor associado da Escola de Enfermagem de uma universidade norte-americana pela impossibilidade de as autoras originais o fazerem. Após rigoroso processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural, a versão final do instrumento Child Drawing: Hospital foi finalizada, apenas com ajustes gramaticais e a substituição do crayon pelo lápis de cor como principal adaptação cultural, uma vez que, na cultura brasileira, as atividades de desenhar e pintar geralmente são realizadas com lápis de cor e não giz de cera. Conclusão: Este estudo é a primeira fase do processo de validação do instrumento CD:H, tendo sido realizada sua tradução e adaptação cultural, obtendo-se o instrumento Child Drawing: Hospital Versão Brasileira CD:H VB. Pode-se concluir que os objetivos do estudo foram alcançados e que o instrumento CD:H VB tem condições de continuar o processo de validação a ser realizado posteriormente.

Introduction: Hospitalization is normally a frightening and unusual time for children, because in such occasions they often undergo hospital procedures, as well as therapeutic treatments that can lead to pain, besides physical and psychological suffering. Studies show that, while some children verbalize their needs and feelings, others do not do it so clearly, a situation that requires a more playful and creative approach from the nursing professional, such as the use of drawing. However, it is also important to make interventions about such needs. Considering that, it is necessary to validate scales and instruments to carry out such action. One of the existing instruments, but not yet translated or adapted in Brazil, is CD:H - Child Drawing: Hospital, an instrument that aims at analyzing the anxiety of hospitalized children of school age through drawing. The CD:H instrument is peculiar, in the sense that what should be translated are the instructions for applying the instrument and analyzing the drawing performed by the child. Although the instrument is applied in children, the professional who uses it is the one who must understand the instructions for application and analysis, so that all professionals who use it can arrive at the same diagnosis for the level of anxiety, confirming the instruments applicability. Objective and Method: The objective of this study was to adapt the aforementioned instrument to the Portuguese language spoken in Brazil, according to Guillemin, Beaton and Bombardier (1993) and Beaton et al. (1998, 2000, 2007). The study was based on the following steps: a) Translation; b) Review and Synthesis of translations; c) Expert Committee; d) Back-translation; e) Re-evaluation of the scores of the results; f) Validation of face and content. Results: Two independent translations were performed from English to Portuguese by two professionals fluent in the intended language. After this process was finished, researcher, counselor and translator held meetings to generate a synthesis of all translations. The Expert Committee was composed of eight nurses from four regions of Brazil: South, Southeast, Northeast and Midwest. The minimum required Content Validity Ratio (CVR) value should be equal to or greater than 0.75, based on a calculation performed by a psychometrist, which was based on the Lawshe's Criterion (Wilson; Pan; Schumsky, 2012). The instrument as a whole was well evaluated by the Expert Committee, presenting good semantic and content validity, with CVR=1 (66.95%) and CVR of 0.75 to 1 in 175 CD:H VB items (73.23%). The 15 discordant items (6.28%), which received the CVR index of 0.75, suffered grammatical modifications for better instrument suitability. Only a back-translation from Portuguese to English and a revision of the instrument by an associate professor of the Nursing School of an American university was carried out, because the original authors could not do so. After rigorous transcultural translation and adaptation, the Child Drawing: Hospital instrument received its final version, with only grammatical adjustments and the replacement of crayons with colored pencils, which was considered the main cultural adaptation, since, in Brazil, the activities of drawing and painting are usually done with colored pencil, and not crayon. Conclusion: This study represents the first phase of the validation process of the CD:H instrument, offering translation and cultural adaptation. As a result, the instrument Child Drawing: Hospital Versao Brasileira (CD:H VB) was obtained. It can be concluded that the objectives of this study were achieved and that the CD:H VB instrument is able to have its validation process continued later in the future.

Trait vs. state anxiety in different threatening situations / Ansiedade traço versus ansiedade estado em diferentes situações de ameaça

Abstract Objective Anxiety as a uni- or multidimensional construct has been under discussion. The unidimensional approach assumes that there is a general trait anxiety, which predisposes the individuals to increases in state anxiety in various threatening situations. In this case, there should be a correlation between state and trait anxiety in any situation of threat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between trait and state anxiety in participants exposed to two different anxiogenic situations: interpersonal threat (Video-Monitored Stroop Test - VMST) and physical threat (third molar extraction - TME). Methods Participants with various levels of trait anxiety (general trait: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; specific trait: Social Phobia Inventory, Dental Anxiety Scale) had their anxious state evaluated (STAI, self-evaluation of tension level, heart rate, electromyogram activity) before, during and after the VMST or the TME. Results In VMST, trait anxiety correlated to state anxiety (psychological parameters) in all test phases. However, in TME, the only trait measurement that correlated to state anxiety (psychological parameters) was the Dental Anxiety Scale. Conclusion Trait anxiety correlates positively to state anxiety in situations of interpersonal threat, but not of physical threat.

Resumo Objetivo A ansiedade como um construto uni ou multidimensional tem estado em discussão. A abordagem unidimensional presume que há uma ansiedade-traço geral, a qual predispõe o indivíduo a aumentar a ansiedade-estado em situações de ameaça. Neste caso, deveria existir uma correlação entre estado e traço ansioso em diferentes situações ameaçadoras. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a correlação entre ansiedade-traço e ansiedade-estado em participantes que foram expostos a duas situações ansiogênicas diferentes: ameaça interpessoal (Teste de Stroop Monitorado por Vídeo - TSMV) e ameaça física (exodontia do terceiro molar - ETM). Métodos Participantes com vários níveis de ansiedade-traço (traço geral: Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado - IDATE; Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão; traço específico: Inventário de Fobia Social, Escala de Ansiedade Dental de Corah) tiveram seus estados ansiosos avaliados (IDATE, escala analógica de tensão, frequência cardíaca, eletromiografia) antes, durante e depois do TSMV ou da ETM. Resultados No TSMV, a ansiedade-traço correlacionou-se com a ansiedade-estado (parâmetros psicológicos) em todas as fases do teste. Entretanto, na ETM, a única medida de traço que se correlacionou com a ansiedade-estado (parâmetros psicológicos) foi a Escala de Ansiedade Dental de Corah. Conclusão A ansiedade-traço correlaciona-se positivamente com a ansiedade-estado em situações de ameaça interpessoal, mas não de ameaça física.

Relación entre Ansiedad Prequirúrgica e Intensidad del Dolor Postquirúrgico, Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo Azogues - Ecuador, 2016 / Descriptive Research: Relationship between Preoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Pain Intensity, Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo Azogues - Ecuador, 2016

INTRODUCCIÓN: La ansiedad es un mecanismo de defensa produciendo alteraciones somáticas y psíquicas, disminuyendo la capacidad de adaptación y reacción del organismo frente a un procedimiento médico. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la ansiedad prequirúrgica y la intensidad del dolor postquirúrgico en pacientes que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio analítico descriptivo que incluye a 200 pacientes que fueron sometidos a cirugía en noviembre-diciembre, 2016 en el Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, los datos se consignaron con la escala de ansiedad (STAI) que valoró la ansiedad prequirúrgica y la escala de valoración numérica para el dolor postquirúrgico a las 24 horas, se asoció las variables mediante medidas de correlación. Los datos fueron registrados y analizados en el programa PSPP versión 0.10.4-g50f7b7. RESULTADOS: La correlación entre ansiedad y dolor fue positiva (Rho de Spearman.34; p<0.05) mostrando que existe una relación entre la ansiedad y el dolor postquirúrgico en pacientes del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo. (AU)

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a defense mechanism that produces somatic and psychic alterations, reducing the capacity of adaptation and the reaction of the organism to a medical doctor. The aim was to determine the relationship between preoperative anxiety and the intensity of postoperative pain in patients who underwent surgery at the Homero Castanier Crespo Azogues Hospital - Ecuador, 2016. METHODS: This is a descriptive analytical study that includes 200 patients who underwent surgery in November-December, 2016 at the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, who met the inclusion criteria, data were recorded with the anxiety scale (STAI) Which assessed preoperative anxiety and the numerical rating scale for postoperative pain at 24 hours, the variables were associated by means of correlation measures. The data were recorded and analyzed in the program PSPP version 0.10.4-g50f7b7. RESULTS: The correlation between anxiety and pain was positive (Rho de Spearman 0.34, p: <0.05), showing that there is a relationship between anxiety and postoperative pain in patients at the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital.(AU)

Eclectic approach to anxiety disorders among rural children / Abordagem eclética a transtornos de ansiedade em crianças de zona rural

Abstract Introduction Anxiety disorders in primary school-aged children negatively affect their mental health and psychological development. Available non-medical treatments for these conditions are time-consuming and expensive. In this context, eclectic therapy is a therapeutic approach that incorporates some therapeutic techniques and philosophies to create the ideal treatment. In this study, eclectic therapy consisted of art therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy designed for children suffering from high level of anxiety in their middle childhood years. The therapy also included group guidance sessions for their mothers. The effectiveness of this intervention was examined in the study. Methods 61 students aged 9-12 years with high levels of anxiety participated in the study. Intervention A (n = 20) consisted of 9-hour eclectic therapy for children with 3-hour group guidance sessions for their mothers. Intervention B (n = 20) consisted of 9-hour eclectic therapy for children. There was also a control group (n = 21). Results Teacher ratings of children's mental health difficulties and self-report ratings of anxiety disorders indicated a significant difference from pretest to posttest, revealing a large effect size between the two interventions. Higher levels of pretest scores significantly predicted higher posttest scores for all domains of anxiety and mental health difficulties. Furthermore, age, gender, mothers working a 15-hour day, mother's educational level, parental divorce rates, parental death, and family monthly income predicted therapy outcomes. Conclusion Results provide support for the effectiveness of eclectic art and CBT to improve children's mental health and reduce anxiety through changing thoughts, beliefs, emotions, and behaviors that may cause fear and anxiety.

Resumo Introdução Transtornos de ansiedade em escolares afetam sua saúde mental e seu desenvolvimento psicológico. Tratamentos alternativos disponíveis consomem tempo e são dispendiosos. Nesse contexto, a terapia eclética é uma abordagem terapêutica que incorpora algumas técnicas e filosofias terapêuticas para criar o tratamento ideal. Neste estudo, terapia eclética consistiu de terapia artística e terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) planejada para escolares com altos níveis de ansiedade. A terapia também incluiu sessões de orientação em grupo para as mães. A eficácia da intervenção foi examinada. Métodos 61 escolares com idade de 9-12 anos e altos níveis de ansiedade participaram do estudo. A intervenção A (n = 20) consistiu de 9 horas de terapia eclética para crianças com sessões de 3 horas de orientação em grupo para as mães. A intervenção B (n = 20) consistiu de 9 horas de terapia eclética para crianças. Houve também um grupo controle (n = 21). Resultados Escores atribuídos pelos professores às dificuldades de saúde mental das crianças e escores de ansiedade autoaplicados indicaram diferenças significativas entre resultados pré-teste e pós-teste, revelando grande tamanho de efeito entre as duas intervenções. Escores pré-teste maiores foram preditores significativos de escores pós-teste mais altos para todos os domínios de ansiedade e dificuldades de saúde mental. Idade, gênero, mães trabalhando 15 horas/dia, nível educacional da mãe, índice de divórcio, morte de um dos pais e renda familiar mensal foram preditores de desfechos da terapia. Conclusão Os resultados sugerem a eficácia de arte eclética e TCC para melhorar a saúde mental de crianças e reduzir a ansiedade através de mudança em pensamentos, crenças, emoções e comportamentos que possam causar medo e ansiedade.

Influence of maternal anxiety on child anxiety during dental care: cross-sectional study / Influência da ansiedade materna na ansiedade infantil frente ao atendimento odontológico: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Anxiety is usually classified as a disorder of neurotic nature and is often related to contexts of stress, which may include worries, motor tension and autonomic hyperactivity. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of mothers’ anxiety on their children’s anxiety during dental care. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted at in a private dentistry school in the south of Brazil. METHODS: Convenience sampling was used. All mothers of children undergoing treatment were invited to participate in this study. Data to investigate anxiety related to dental treatment among the children were collected through applying the Venham Picture Test (VPT) scale. For the mothers, the Corah scale was applied. A self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire with questions about demographic, behavioral, oral health and dental service variables was also used. RESULTS: 40 mother-child pairs were included in the study. The results showed that 40% of the children were anxious and 60% of the mothers were slightly anxious. Local anesthesia was the procedure that caused most anxiety among the mothers, making them somewhat uncomfortable and anxious (60%). Family income higher than R$ 1,577.00 had an influence on maternal anxiety (75.6%). Maternal anxiety had an influence on child anxiety (81.3%). CONCLUSION: Most of the children showed the presence of anxiety, which ranged from fear of dental care to panic, inferring that maternal anxiety has an influence on children’s anxiety. Dental procedures did not interfere with the mothers’ anxiety, but caused positive feelings, whereas they affected the children more.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A ansiedade é geralmente classificada como um transtorno de caráter neurótico, frequentemente relacionado a contextos de estresse variando entre preocupações, tensão motora e hiperatividade autonômica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência da ansiedade materna na ansiedade de seu filho durante o atendimento odontológico. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo analítico transversal realizado em uma faculdade particular do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Amostragem por conveniência foi utilizada. Todas as mães das crianças em tratamento foram convidadas a participar da pesquisa. A coleta dos dados para verificar a ansiedade relacionada com o tratamento odontológico nas crianças foi realizada a partir da aplicação da escala “Venham Picture Test” (VPT). Para as mães, foi utilizada a escala de Corah. Também se utilizou um questionário sociodemográfico autoaplicativo sobre variáveis demográficas, comportamentais, de saúde bucal e de serviço odontológico. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 40 pares de mães e crianças. Os resultados mostraram que 40% das crianças estavam ansiosas e 60% das mães estavam levemente ansiosas. A anestesia local foi o procedimento que causou mais ansiedade entre as mães, deixando-as um pouco desconfortáveis e ansiosas (60%). Renda familiar maior de R$ 1.577,00 influenciou a ansiedade materna (75.6%). A ansiedade materna influenciou a ansiedade das crianças (81.3%). CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das crianças apresentou ansiedade, o que variou do medo ao pânico ao atendimento odontológico, inferindo que a ansiedade materna tem influência na ansiedade dos seus filhos. Os procedimentos odontológicos não interferem na ansiedade das mães, atingindo mais as crianças, porém provocam sentimentos positivos.