The impact of Aprepitant on Nausea and Vomiting following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We aimed to compare the effects of aprepitant on the incidence of PONV after LSG. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, the case group received the standard care regimen for PONV (dexamethasone 10 mg, ondansetron 4 mg, and metoclopramide 10 mg) plus prophylactic oral aprepitant 80 mg 1 h preoperatively. The control group received standard care plus a placebo. Comparative analyses using the Rhodes index were performed at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS: A total of 400 patients (201 in the aprepitant group and 199 in the placebo group) underwent LSG. The groups were homogeneous. The aprepitant group experienced less PONV: early, 69 (34.3%) vs. 103 (51.7%), p ≤ 0.001; 6 h, 67 (33.3%) vs. 131 (65.8%), p ≤ 0.001; 12 h, 41 (20.4%) vs. 115 (57.8%), p ≤ 0.001; and 24 h, 22 (10.9%) vs. 67 (33.7%), p ≤ 0.001. Fewer patients in the aprepitant group vomited: early, 3 (1.5%) vs. 5 (2.5%), p = 0.020; 6 h, 6 (3%) vs. 18 (9%), p = 0.020; 12 h, 2 (1%) vs. 17 (8.5%), p = 0.006; and 24 h, 1 (0.5%) vs. 6 (3%), p = 0.040. Patients in the aprepitant group required less additional PONV medication: early, 61 (30.3%) vs. 86 (43.2), p = 0.008; 6 h, 7 (3.5%) vs. 34 (17%), p = 0.001; 12 h, 6 (3%) vs. 31 (15.6%), p ≤ 0.001; and 24 h, 5 (2.5%) vs. 11 (5.5%), p ≤ 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic aprepitant improved PONV between 0 h (early) and 24 h postoperatively in patients undergoing LSG.

Evaluating Aprepitant single-dose plus granisetron and dexamethasone in children receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A triple-blinded randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study was performed to evaluate the degree of 3-day chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in children with cancer who received highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) to ascertain the efficacy of aprepitant single-dose on dayL 1 plus granisetron and dexamethasone (DEX). Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 120 patients in the age range of 5 to 18 years old who received chemotherapy. Patients were divided into two groups; Group A received aprepitant at 125 mg/kg on day 1 orally, followed by 80 mg/kg daily on days 2 and 3 and Group B received a single dose of aprepitant 125 mg/kg on day 1 orally and placebo on days 2 and 3. All groups received granisetron 3 mg/m2 on day 1 and DEX on days 1 to 3. The primary and secondary endpoints were to evaluate the proportion of patients with acute, delayed and overall CINV within each group. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups for vomiting, nausea or the use of rescue therapy. The number of patients without vomiting on day 1 was similar in both groups (96.5% vs. 98.3%, respectively; p = 0.848). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, a single dose of aprepitant 125 mg/kg was as effective as administering three doses of aprepitant on 3 days. Therefore, the use of a single dose of aprepitant in combination with other standard treatment regimens to prevent CINV in children who received HEC was safe and efficacious and can be beneficial.

Evaluating Aprepitant single-dose plus granisetron and dexamethasone in children receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A triple-blinded randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: This study was performed to evaluate the degree of 3-day chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in children with cancer who received highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) to ascertain the efficacy of aprepitant single-dose on dayL 1 plus granisetron and dexamethasone (DEX). METHODS: This clinical trial study was conducted on 120 patients in the age range of 5 to 18 years old who received chemotherapy. Patients were divided into two groups; Group A received aprepitant at 125 mg/kg on day 1 orally, followed by 80 mg/kg daily on days 2 and 3 and Group B received a single dose of aprepitant 125 mg/kg on day 1 orally and placebo on days 2 and 3. All groups received granisetron 3 mg/m2 on day 1 and DEX on days 1 to 3. The primary and secondary endpoints were to evaluate the proportion of patients with acute, delayed and overall CINV within each group. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups for vomiting, nausea or the use of rescue therapy. The number of patients without vomiting on day 1 was similar in both groups (96.5% vs. 98.3%, respectively; p = 0.848). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, a single dose of aprepitant 125 mg/kg was as effective as administering three doses of aprepitant on 3 days. Therefore, the use of a single dose of aprepitant in combination with other standard treatment regimens to prevent CINV in children who received HEC was safe and efficacious and can be beneficial.

Aprepitant, una posible alternativa para el prurito refractario: Reporte de caso / Aprepitant, a possible alternative for refractory pruritus: Case report

Refractory pruritus can be a symptom difficult to manage. We describe a case of a 37-year-old female patient with an oncological diagnosis of high-grade mesenchymal osteosarcoma in the left sacrum, hospitalized for urinary tract infection and polymicrobial bacteremia. During hospitalization, she presented pruritus of unknown cause, refractory to multiple treatments. Given the severity of symptoms and refractoriness, we administered aprepitant obtaining a complete resolution of the pruritus. With these findings, we raise the possibility of using aprepitant as a treatment for refractory pruritus.

El prurito refractario puede ser un síntoma de difícil manejo. Se presenta un reporte de caso de una paciente femenina de 37 años con diagnóstico oncológico de osteosarcoma mesenquimal de alto grado en sacro izquierdo, hospitalizada por infección de vías urinarias y bacteriemia polimicrobiana, quien presentó prurito de causa desconocida, refractario a múltiples manejos antipruriginosos. Dada la severidad de los síntomas y refractariedad, se administró aprepitant, obteniendo resolución completa del cuadro. Con estos hallazgos se plantea la posibilidad del empleo de aprepitant como tratamiento para el prurito refractario.

Aprepitant plus palonosetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after breast cancer surgery: a double blind, randomized trial

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the addition of a fourth antiemetic intervention in patients at high risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). METHODS: High-risk patients (Apfel score 3 or 4) scheduled for unilateral mastectomy were randomly allocated in one of two groups, oral aprepitant (oral aprepitant 80 mg, intravenous dexamethasone 8 mg, and palonosetron 0.075 mg) and oral placebo (oral placebo, intravenous dexamethasone 4 mg, and palonosetron 0.075 mg). Patients and caregivers were blinded to the group assignments. The primary efficacy endpoints included the incidence of nausea and vomiting, and the secondary endpoints included use of rescue antiemetics during a 48-hour postoperative period. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02431286. RESULTS: One hundred patients were enrolled in this study and 91 were analyzed, 48 in group A and 43 in group P. No patient presented with nausea or vomiting in the first 2 hours after surgery. From the 2nd to the 6th hour, the incidence of PONV was 8.33% in group A and 9.30% in group P. In the first 24 hours, the incidence of PONV was 27.08% in the group A and 20.93% in group P. From the 24th to the 48th hour, the incidence of PONV was 8.33% in group A and 13.95% in group P. There were no statistically significant differences in PONV between groups. CONCLUSION: The addition of aprepitant as a third antiemetic resulted in no significant reduction in the incidence of PONV in this population. However, the incidence of PONV was reduced in relation to the general population.

Adverse events associated with aprepitant pediatric bone cancer patients.

An eight-year long case series follow-up study with pediatric bone cancer patients was conducted to compare the occurrence of adverse events associated with aprepitant with official sources of drug information (manufacturer's leaflet, clinical trials, and European Medicines Agency leaflet). All patients admitted were analyzed, representing 192 aprepitant cycles. Anorexia, febrile neutropenia, and headache were observed in frequencies over 43.8 per 100 patients, which was higher than previous estimates. Adverse events were classified as probable or possible, by using Naranjo score. The increased rates of adverse events, especially on the risk febrile neutropenia, warrant further safety studies on this population.

Eficacia del aprepitant para la prevención de la náusea y el vómito postoperatorios. revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos / Efficacy of aprepitant for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials / Eficácia do aprepitanto (emend) para a prevenção da náusea e vómito pós-operatórios. revisão sistemática e meta-análises de ensaios clínicos

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del aprepitant, comparada con la de otros antieméticos, para la prevención de la náusea y el vómito postoperatorios en adultos que recibieron anestesia general. Métodos: revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos con asignación aleatoria que evaluaron comparativamente la eficacia del aprepitant con la de otros antieméticos para la prevención de la náusea y el vómito postoperatorios, el uso de antiemético de rescate y los efectos adversos. La búsqueda se hizo en The Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Embase, LILACS, OVID, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Scopus y Google Scholar. Se definió la heterogeneidad con la Q de Cochran y el estadístico I2, se usó el modelo de efectos fijos y aleatorios, se empleó el método de Mantel- Haenszel con el riesgo relativo de cada desenlace y su respectivo intervalo de confianza al 95%. Resultados: se encontró diferencia significativa a favor del aprepitant para la prevención del vómito a las 24 (RR 0,52; IC 95%: 0,38-0,7) y a las 48 horas (RR 0,51; IC 95%: 0,39-0,67), pero no de la náusea a las 24 horas (RR 1,16; IC 95%: 0,85-1,6). Conclusiones: el aprepitant previene el vómito postoperatorio, pero no la náusea, a las 24 y 48 horas.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of aprepitant compared with other antiemetics for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults who underwent general anesthesia. Methods: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials with meta-analysis, that evaluated the efficacy of aprepitant in comparison with other antiemetics for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting, antiemetic rescue and adverse effects. The search was done in The Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EMBASE, LILACS, OVID, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity was defined with the Cochran Q and I2 statistic; the model of fixed and random effects, and the Mantel-Haenszel method for relative risk of each outcome and its respective confidence interval 95% were used. Results: There was significant difference in favor of aprepitant for the prevention of vomiting at 24 (RR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.38-0.7) and at 48 hours (RR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.67), but not for nausea at 24 hours (RR 1.16; 95% CI: 0.85-1.6). Conclusions: Aprepitant prevents postoperative vomiting, but not nausea, at 24 and 48 hours.

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia do aprepitanto, comparada com a de outros antieméticos, para a prevenção da náusea e vómito pós-operatórios em adultos que receberam anestesia geral. Métodos: revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos com atribuição aleatória que avaliaram comparativamente a eficácia do aprepitanto com a de outros antieméticos para a prevenção da náusea e vómito pós-operatórios, o uso de antiemético de resgate e os efeitos adversos. A busca se fez em The Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Embase, LILACS, OVID, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Scopus e Google Scholar. Definiu-se a heterogeneidade com o Q de Cochran e o estatístico I2, usou-se o modelo de efeitos fixos e aleatórios, empregou- se o método de Mantel-Haenszel com o risco relativo de cada desenlace e seu respectivo intervalo de confiança a 95%. Resultados: encontrou-se diferença significativa a favor do aprepitanto para a prevenção do vómito às 24 (RR 0,52; IC 95%: 0,38-0,7) e às 48 horas (RR 0,51; IC 95%: 0,39-0,67), mas não da náusea às 24 horas (RR 1,16; IC 95%: 0,85-1,6). Conclusões: o aprepitanto previne o vómito pós -operatório, mas não a náusea, às 24 e 48 horas.