Survival capacity of Arcobacter butzleri at different incubation temperatures in drinking water

Arcobacter represents a zoonotic emerging pathogen with increasing importance for public health and drinking water has been cited as a major risk factor for its dissemination. The aim of this work was to evaluate the survival capacity of Arcobacter in different water matrixes stored at different temperatures. Three different water matrixes were used, including potable water with a chlorine concentration of 0,5 mg/mL, non-chlorinated water and non-chlorinated water added with an 11% of organic matter. Each matrix was inoculated in a 1/10 proportion with 103 and 105 Arcobacter pools, divided into 4 different subsamples, in order to be incubated at 0°C, 5°C, 12 °C and 25°C by up to 15 days. The presence of Arcobacter in each matrix was determined on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15. Results obtained show that this bacterium can survive in all the water matrixes evaluated, regardless of the presence or not of residual disinfecting agent. Also, the amount of CFU/mL inoculated in water correlates with the number of bacteria that can survive on it, and that incubation temperature has a significant effect over the bacterial survival.

First case of diarrhea due to Aliarcobacter butzleri (formerly Arcobacter butzleri) in Ecuador.

The first case of acute watery diarrhea disease due to Aliarcobacter butzleri (formerly Arcobacter butzleri) in Ecuador is reported. An infant presented with moderate protein-calorie malnutrition, dehydration and anemia. A curved Gram-negative organism was isolated from stools, having been preliminarily identified by phenotypic characteristics. Definitive identification was achieved by multiplex PCR. Aliarcobacter butzleri was the only pathogenic microorganism isolated. No other entero-pathogens, enterovirus or parasites were found. Our findings strongly suggest that in this specific case, A. butzleri was the etiological agent. Further investigations are needed to develop standardized diagnostic protocols and to establish the prevalence and significance of Aliarcobacter infections in humans.

Isolation and molecular characterization of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus from the pork production chain in Brazil / Isolamento e caracterização molecular de Arcobacter butzleri e Arcobacter cryaerophilus de linhas de abate suíno e do comércio de carne no Brasil

Arcobacter is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, and the major transmission routes to humans are the handling or consumption of contaminated raw/undercooked food products of animal origin, water and seafood. The isolation and identification of Arcobacter species are not routine in clinical laboratories; therefore, its true incidence in human infections may be underestimated. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize Arcobacter from carcasses and fecal samples collected at swine slaughterhouses and from meat markets in São Paulo State, Brazil. The isolates were identified using multiplex-PCR to differentiate the species and analyzed by single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (SE-AFLP). Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 73.0% of swine carcasses, 4% of fecal samples and 10% of pork samples. A. butzleri was the most prevalent species identified, followed by A. cryaerophilus. Interestingly, the carcasses presented higher frequency of A. butzleri isolation, whereas only A. cryaerophilus was isolated from fecal samples. SE-AFLP enabled the characterization of A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus into 51 and 63 profiles, respectively. The great genetic heterogeneity observed for both species corroborates previous reports. This study confirms the necessity for a standard isolation protocol and the improvement of molecular tools to further elucidate Arcobacter epidemiology.(AU)

Arcobacter é um patógeno zoonótico emergente e as principais formas de transmissão para humanos são a manipulação e o consumo de água ou alimentos contaminados crus ou mal cozidos. O isolamento e a identificação das espécies de Arcobacter não fazem parte da rotina dos laboratórios clínicos; dessa forma, a real incidência da infecção em humanos é subestimada. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de isolar e caracterizar Arcobacter de carcaças e amostras de fezes coletadas em dois abatedouros de suínos e de carne suína de dois açougues no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As estirpes foram identificadas utilizando multiplex-PCR para diferenciar as espécies e foram analisadas por polimorfismo no comprimento de fragmentos amplificados (SE-AFLP). Arcobacter spp. foi isolado de 73% das carcaças, 4% das amostras de fezes e de 10% das amostras de carne suína avaliadas. A. butzleri foi a espécie mais prevalente, seguida por A. cryaerophilus. As carcaças apresentaram a maior taxa de isolamento de A. butzleri enquanto que apenas A. cryaerophilus foi isolado das amostras de fezes. SE-AFLP possibilitou a caracterização de A. butzleri e A. cryaerophilus em 51 e 63 perfis de bandas, respectivamente. A grande heterogeneidade genética observada para ambas as espécies corrobora estudos previous. Estes resultados confirmam a necessidade de protocolos de isolamento padronizados e o aperfeiçoamento das ferramentas moleculares para aprofundar os conhecimetos sobre epidemiologia das infecções pelo gênero Arcobacter.(AU)

Isolation and molecular characterization of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus from the pork production chain in Brazil / Isolamento e caracterização molecular de Arcobacter butzleri e Arcobacter cryaerophilus de linhas de abate suíno e do comércio de carne no Brasil

Arcobacter is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, and the major transmission routes to humans are the handling or consumption of contaminated raw/undercooked food products of animal origin, water and seafood. The isolation and identification of Arcobacter species are not routine in clinical laboratories; therefore, its true incidence in human infections may be underestimated. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize Arcobacter from carcasses and fecal samples collected at swine slaughterhouses and from meat markets in São Paulo State, Brazil. The isolates were identified using multiplex-PCR to differentiate the species and analyzed by single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (SE-AFLP). Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 73.0% of swine carcasses, 4% of fecal samples and 10% of pork samples. A. butzleri was the most prevalent species identified, followed by A. cryaerophilus. Interestingly, the carcasses presented higher frequency of A. butzleri isolation, whereas only A. cryaerophilus was isolated from fecal samples. SE-AFLP enabled the characterization of A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus into 51 and 63 profiles, respectively. The great genetic heterogeneity observed for both species corroborates previous reports. This study confirms the necessity for a standard isolation protocol and the improvement of molecular tools to further elucidate Arcobacter epidemiology.(AU)

Arcobacter é um patógeno zoonótico emergente e as principais formas de transmissão para humanos são a manipulação e o consumo de água ou alimentos contaminados crus ou mal cozidos. O isolamento e a identificação das espécies de Arcobacter não fazem parte da rotina dos laboratórios clínicos; dessa forma, a real incidência da infecção em humanos é subestimada. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de isolar e caracterizar Arcobacter de carcaças e amostras de fezes coletadas em dois abatedouros de suínos e de carne suína de dois açougues no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As estirpes foram identificadas utilizando multiplex-PCR para diferenciar as espécies e foram analisadas por polimorfismo no comprimento de fragmentos amplificados (SE-AFLP). Arcobacter spp. foi isolado de 73% das carcaças, 4% das amostras de fezes e de 10% das amostras de carne suína avaliadas. A. butzleri foi a espécie mais prevalente, seguida por A. cryaerophilus. As carcaças apresentaram a maior taxa de isolamento de A. butzleri enquanto que apenas A. cryaerophilus foi isolado das amostras de fezes. SE-AFLP possibilitou a caracterização de A. butzleri e A. cryaerophilus em 51 e 63 perfis de bandas, respectivamente. A grande heterogeneidade genética observada para ambas as espécies corrobora estudos previous. Estes resultados confirmam a necessidade de protocolos de isolamento padronizados e o aperfeiçoamento das ferramentas moleculares para aprofundar os conhecimetos sobre epidemiologia das infecções pelo gênero Arcobacter.(AU)

Biotyping of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from poultry products: rescuing a phenotypic method / Biotipagem de Arcobacter butzleri desde produtos aviares: resgatando um método fenotípico

Arcobacter butzleri is an emergent zoonotic foodborne pathogen associated to enteritis and occasionally to bacteremia in human beings. Biotyping of this bacterium is important in order to establish the circulating strains and its dissemination routes. The purpose of this work was to determine the circulating A. butzleri biotypes in poultry products for human consumption in Southern Chile using the method proposed by Lior and Woodward, in order to explore the possibility of introducing this biotyping scheme as a routine laboratory tool. From the 60 strains studied the prevalent biotypes were 8A, 8B, 7A, 4A and 4B. The most frequently isolated biotype, independently of the sample of origin, was 8A with (44 strains, 73.3%). The less frequently isolated biotype was 4B (two strains 3.3%). The biotyping method used results to be simple, easy to handle and yields stable results. Therefore, it might be rescued to be used as a phenotypic tool for epidemiological marking of A. butzleri.

Arcobacter butzleri é um patógeno emergente, zoonótico e de transmissão alimentar, associado a enterite e, ocasionalmente, a bacteremia em seres humanos. A biotipagem desta bactéria é importante para estabelecer os biótipos circulantes e suas rotas de disseminação. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar os biótipos de A. butzleri circulantes em alimentos de origem aviar para consumo humano, no sul do Chile, explorando a possibilidade de introduzir o método de biotipagem proposto por Lior e Woodward como uma ferramenta de rotina no laboratório. Entre as 60 cepas estudadas, os biótipos 8A, 8B, 7A e 4B foram os mais prevalentes. O biótipo mais frequentemente isolado, independentemente da amostra de origem, foi o biótipo 8A (44 cepas, 73,3%). O biótipo 4B apresentou a menor frequência de isolamento (duas cepas, 3,3%). O método de biotipagem utilizado resultou ser simples de executar, fácil de manusear e produz resultados estáveis. Portanto, pode ser resgatado para ser usado como uma ferramenta fenotípica para marcação epidemiológica de A. butzleri.

Arcobacter butzleri survives within trophozoite of Acanthamoeba castellanii.

The survival of three Arcobacter butzleri strains inside Acanthamoeba castellanii was assessed using axenic cultures of A. castellanii that were inoculated with the tested strains and incubated at 26°C under aerobic conditions for 240h. The behavior of bacteria in contact with amoebae was monitored using phase contrast microscopy. The bacterial survival rate within amoebae was assessed through counting colony forming units, using the gentamicin protection assay. All A. butzleri strains were able to survive during 240h within the amoebae, thus suggesting that (i) A. butzleri resists the amoebic digestion processes at least for the analyzed time; (ii) that A. castellanii could serve as an environmental reservoir for this bacterium, probably acting as a transmission vehicle for A. butzleri.

Arcobacter butzleri: first isolation report from chicken carcasses in costa rica

Arcobacter butzleri isolation from chicken carcasses in Costa Rica is reported for the first time. The isolated strains (P and R) were presumptively identified by their phenotypic characteristics. Definitive identification was made using a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and identification of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii. These first isolations indicate the necessity of further investigation about the prevalence, distribution, ecology and interactions with human beings of this and other Arcobacter species.

Arcobacter butzleri: first isolation report from chicken carcasses in costa rica.

Arcobacter butzleri isolation from chicken carcasses in Costa Rica is reported for the first time. The isolated strains (P and R) were presumptively identified by their phenotypic characteristics. Definitive identification was made using a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and identification of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii. These first isolations indicate the necessity of further investigation about the prevalence, distribution, ecology and interactions with human beings of this and other Arcobacter species.

Arcobacter butzleri: first isolation report from chicken carcasses in costa rica

Arcobacter butzleri isolation from chicken carcasses in Costa Rica is reported for the first time. The isolated strains (P and R) were presumptively identified by their phenotypic characteristics. Definitive identification was made using a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and identification of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii. These first isolations indicate the necessity of further investigation about the prevalence, distribution, ecology and interactions with human beings of this and other Arcobacter species.

Arcobacter butzleri strains isolated from different sources display adhesive capacity to epithelial cells in vitro

Background:  :  :  : The genus Arcobacter, belonging to the family Campylobacteraceae, includes polar flagellated, curved or spiral rod shaped bacteria firstly described as Vibrio/Spirillum organisms and later as aerotolerant Campylobacterlike microorganisms. Currently, this genus comprises nine validated species and a candidatus. Among Arcobacter species, Arcobacter butzleri is recognized as a zoonotic agent and the most common species of the genus isolated from environmental water, food and clinical samples. Recently, this species was considered a serious hazard to human health. However, their pathological properties, potential virulence factors as well as their clinical significance remain uncertain or not completely defined. The aim of this study was to establish the ability of 78 A. butzleri strains isolated from different sources to adhere to HEp-2 cells in vitro. Materials, Methods & Results: All the strains were isolated using first an enrichment medium incubated aerobically at 26 ºc for 48 h. after that, 100 ?l of the broth were streaked onto Arcobacter selective agar plates and incubated at 26 c for 72 h. all the strains were identified phenotypically using standard assays. Definitive identification was achieved using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Adhesive capacity was determined infecting hep-2 cells with the strains under study following scaletskys et

Arcobacter butzleri strains isolated from different sources display adhesive capacity to epithelial cells in vitro

Background:  :  :  : The genus Arcobacter, belonging to the family Campylobacteraceae, includes polar flagellated, curved or spiral rod shaped bacteria firstly described as Vibrio/Spirillum organisms and later as aerotolerant Campylobacterlike microorganisms. Currently, this genus comprises nine validated species and a candidatus. Among Arcobacter species, Arcobacter butzleri is recognized as a zoonotic agent and the most common species of the genus isolated from environmental water, food and clinical samples. Recently, this species was considered a serious hazard to human health. However, their pathological properties, potential virulence factors as well as their clinical significance remain uncertain or not completely defined. The aim of this study was to establish the ability of 78 A. butzleri strains isolated from different sources to adhere to HEp-2 cells in vitro. Materials, Methods & Results: All the strains were isolated using first an enrichment medium incubated aerobically at 26 ºc for 48 h. after that, 100 ?l of the broth were streaked onto Arcobacter selective agar plates and incubated at 26 c for 72 h. all the strains were identified phenotypically using standard assays. Definitive identification was achieved using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Adhesive capacity was determined infecting hep-2 cells with the strains under study following scaletskys et

Arcobacter butzleri Strains Isolated from Different Sources Display Adhesive Capacity to Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Background: The genus Arcobacter, belonging to the family Campylobacteraceae, includes polar flagellated, curved or spiral rod shaped bacteria firstly described as Vibrio/Spirillum organisms and later as aerotolerant Campylobacter-like microorganisms. Currently, this genus comprises nine validated species and a candidatus. Among Arcobacter species, Arcobacter butzleri is recognized as a zoonotic agent and the most common species of the genus isolated from environmental water, food and clinical samples. Recently, this species was considered a serious hazard to human health. However, their pathological properties, potential virulence factors as well as their clinical significance remain uncertain or not completely defined. The aim of this study was to establish the ability of 78 A. butzleri strains isolated from different sources to adhere to HEp-2 cells in vitro. Materials, Methods & Results: All the strains were isolated using first an enrichment medium incubated aerobically at 26ºC for 48h. After that, 100 μL of the broth were streaked onto Arcobacter selective agar plates and incubated at 26°C for 72h. All the strains were identified phenotypically using standard assays. Definitive identification was achieved using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Adhesive capacity was determined infecting HEp-2 cells with the strains under study following Skaletsky et al. protocol, with slight modifications. An adherent Escherichia coli isolate was included as a positive control, whereas uninoculated cell lines were used as negative controls. Adhesion results were expressed as the percentage of HEp-2 cells showing adhering bacteria and the number of bacteria (± SD) adhered to cells was determined. Strains were considered as adherent, if at least 20% of HEp-2 cells showed one ore more adhered bacteria.(...)(AU)

Arcobacter butzleri Strains Isolated from Different Sources Display Adhesive Capacity to Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Background: The genus Arcobacter, belonging to the family Campylobacteraceae, includes polar flagellated, curved or spiral rod shaped bacteria firstly described as Vibrio/Spirillum organisms and later as aerotolerant Campylobacter-like microorganisms. Currently, this genus comprises nine validated species and a candidatus. Among Arcobacter species, Arcobacter butzleri is recognized as a zoonotic agent and the most common species of the genus isolated from environmental water, food and clinical samples. Recently, this species was considered a serious hazard to human health. However, their pathological properties, potential virulence factors as well as their clinical significance remain uncertain or not completely defined. The aim of this study was to establish the ability of 78 A. butzleri strains isolated from different sources to adhere to HEp-2 cells in vitro. Materials, Methods & Results: All the strains were isolated using first an enrichment medium incubated aerobically at 26ºC for 48h. After that, 100 μL of the broth were streaked onto Arcobacter selective agar plates and incubated at 26°C for 72h. All the strains were identified phenotypically using standard assays. Definitive identification was achieved using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Adhesive capacity was determined infecting HEp-2 cells with the strains under study following Skaletsky et al. protocol, with slight modifications. An adherent Escherichia coli isolate was included as a positive control, whereas uninoculated cell lines were used as negative controls. Adhesion results were expressed as the percentage of HEp-2 cells showing adhering bacteria and the number of bacteria (± SD) adhered to cells was determined. Strains were considered as adherent, if at least 20% of HEp-2 cells showed one ore more adhered bacteria.(...)

Persistence of Arcobacter butzleri CCUG 30484 on plastic, stainless steel and glass surfaces / Persistência de Arcobacter butzleri CCUG 30404 em superfícies de plástico, aço inox e vidro

The persistence of A. butzleri CCUG 30484 on various surfaces under 32 percent and 64 percent relative humidity suspended in physiological saline or nutrient broth to simulate relatively clean or soiled conditions was studied using various isolation techniques. Our study revealed that A. butzleri CCUG 30484 cells were able to survive for a considerable period of time, even after the droplet of suspending medium has been visibly dried. An extended survival on polypropylene coupons at both humidity levels was observed, particularly at soiled conditions.

Estudou-se a persistência de Arcobacter butzleri CCUG 30404 em várias superfícies de contato com alimentos a 32 por cento e 64 por cento de umidade relativa, suspenso em salina fisiológica e caldo nutriente para simular condições limpas e sujas. Nosso estudo indicou que A. butzleri CCUG 30404 foi capaz de sobreviver por longo tempo, mesmo após a secagem da gota. Observou-se que a sobrevivência for mais prolongada nos cupons de polipropileno, especialmente em condições sujas.

Persistence of Arcobacter butzleri CCUG 30484 on plastic, stainless steel and glass surfaces.

The persistence of A. butzleri CCUG 30484 on various surfaces under 32% and 64% relative humidity suspended in physiological saline or nutrient broth to simulate relatively clean or soiled conditions was studied using various isolation techniques. Our study revealed that A. butzleri CCUG 30484 cells were able to survive for a considerable period of time, even after the droplet of suspending medium has been visibly dried. An extended survival on polypropylene coupons at both humidity levels was observed, particularly at soiled conditions.

Persistence of Arcobacter butzleri CCUG 30484 on plastic, stainless steel and glass surfaces

The persistence of A. butzleri CCUG 30484 on various surfaces under 32% and 64% relative humidity suspended in physiological saline or nutrient broth to simulate relatively clean or soiled conditions was studied using various isolation techniques. Our study revealed that A. butzleri CCUG 30484 cells were able to survive for a considerable period of time, even after the droplet of suspending medium has been visibly dried. An extended survival on polypropylene coupons at both humidity levels was observed, particularly at soiled conditions.

Estudou-se a persistência de Arcobacter butzleri CCUG 30404 em várias superfícies de contato com alimentos a 32% e 64% de umidade relativa, suspenso em salina fisiológica e caldo nutriente para simular condições limpas e sujas. Nosso estudo indicou que A. butzleri CCUG 30404 foi capaz de sobreviver por longo tempo, mesmo após a secagem da gota. Observou-se que a sobrevivência for mais prolongada nos cupons de polipropileno, especialmente em condições sujas.

Susceptibility of Arcobacter butzleri to heavy metals

The susceptibility of 50 strains of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from chicken liver [12], mussels [18], river water [6] and bovine [5], duck [2] and pelicans [7] feces to mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and lead (Pb) was determined.All the strains were resistant to Mo, Mn, Ni, Co, Pb and Fe and susceptible to Hg, Ag and Cr. MIC values showed high variability, indicating a non homogeneous behavior among the strains.

Arcobacter butzleri é um bacilo Gram negativo de caráter zoonótico, pertencente à Família Campylobacteraceae, que tem sido associado a diarréia e septicemia no ser humano. A susceptibilidade de 50 amostras de A. butzleri isoladas de fígados de frango [12], mariscos [18], água de rio [6] e fezes de bovinos [5], patos [2] e pelicanos [7] aos metais pesados mercúrio (Hg), cromo (Cr), prata (Ag), níquel (Ni), cobalto Co), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), molibdênio (Mo) e chumbo (Pb) foi determinada.Todas as amostras foram resistentes a Mo, Mn, Ni, Co, Pb e Fe, sendo susceptíveis a Hg, Ag e Cr. Os valores das CIM apresentaram alta variabilidade indicando um comportamento não homogêneo entre as amostras.

Arcobacter butzleri an emerging enteropathogen: communication of two cases with chronic diarrhea

The first two cases of chronic diarrhea due to Arcobacter butzleri in Chile are reported. The clinical findings, the absence of other enteropathogens, virus or parasites, the epidemiological association between both patients, the treatment outcome and the fact that A. butzleri was the only bacteria isolated, support the assumption that it was the etiological agent of these chronic diarrhea cases.

Os primeiros dois casos de diarréia crônica por Arcobacter butzleri no sul do Chile são apresentados. As características clínicas, a ausência de outros enteropatógenos, vírus ou parasitas, o resultado do tratamento, bem como a associação epidemiológica entre ambos pacientes e o fato de A. butzleri ter sido a única bactéria isolada permitem assumir que este microrganismo seria o agente etiológico destes dois casos de diarréia crônica.

Isolamento de Arcobacter butzleri de músculos de carcaças de suínos de terminação e de matrizes descartadas abatidos em um matadouro no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Portions of muscle from carcasses of 74 fattening pigs and 150 culled sows were collected from abattoir in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The samples were inoculated into EMJH (Ellinghausen, MacCullough, Johnson & Harris) medium and the culture filtered through 0.45µm membrane on blood agar. Arcobacter sp were isolated, 69 isolates, typed by PCR as Arcobater butzleri, respectively from fattening pigs (21 isolates, 29.3%) and culled sows (48 isolates, 32%).

Foram colhidos fragmentos de músculos da carcaça de 74 suínos de abate e de 150 porcas descartadas de granjas de ciclo completo, abatidos em frigorífico no Rio Grande do Sul. Os materiais foram inoculados em meio EMJH (Ellinghausen, MacCullough, Johnson & Harris), incubados a 30ºC e o cultivo foi passado a placas de agar sangue através de membrana de 0,45µm. Foram obtidas 69 amostras de Arcobacter sp, classificadas por PCR como A. butzleri, respectivamente de suínos de abate (21 isolamentos, 29,3%) e matrizes descartadas (48 isolamentos, 32%).

Isolamento de Arcobacter butzleri de músculos de carcaças de suínos de terminação e de matrizes descartadas abatidos em um matadouro no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Portions of muscle from carcasses of 74 fattening pigs and 150 culled sows were collected from abattoir in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The samples were inoculated into EMJH (Ellinghausen, MacCullough, Johnson & Harris) medium and the culture filtered through 0.45µm membrane on blood agar. Arcobacter sp were isolated, 69 isolates, typed by PCR as Arcobater butzleri, respectively from fattening pigs (21 isolates, 29.3%) and culled sows (48 isolates, 32%).

Foram colhidos fragmentos de músculos da carcaça de 74 suínos de abate e de 150 porcas descartadas de granjas de ciclo completo, abatidos em frigorífico no Rio Grande do Sul. Os materiais foram inoculados em meio EMJH (Ellinghausen, MacCullough, Johnson & Harris), incubados a 30ºC e o cultivo foi passado a placas de agar sangue através de membrana de 0,45µm. Foram obtidas 69 amostras de Arcobacter sp, classificadas por PCR como A. butzleri, respectivamente de suínos de abate (21 isolamentos, 29,3%) e matrizes descartadas (48 isolamentos, 32%).