Characterisation of the novel HLA-C*15:274 allele using short and long-read sequencing technologies.

The novel HLA-C*15:274 allele, first described in a potential bone marrow donor from Brazil.

Glowing wonders: exploring the diversity and ecological significance of bioluminescent organisms in Brazil.

Bioluminescence, the emission of light by living organisms, is a captivating and widespread phenomenon with diverse ecological functions. This comprehensive review explores the biodiversity, mechanisms, ecological roles, and conservation challenges of bioluminescent organisms in Brazil, a country known for its vast and diverse ecosystems. From the enchanting glow of fireflies and glow-in-the-dark mushrooms to the mesmerizing displays of marine dinoflagellates and cnidarians, Brazil showcases a remarkable array of bioluminescent species. Understanding the biochemical mechanisms and enzymes involved in bioluminescence enhances our knowledge of their evolutionary adaptations and ecological functions. However, habitat loss, climate change, and photopollution pose significant threats to these bioluminescent organisms. Conservation measures, interdisciplinary collaborations, and responsible lighting practices are crucial for their survival. Future research should focus on identifying endemic species, studying environmental factors influencing bioluminescence, and developing effective conservation strategies. Through interdisciplinary collaborations, advanced technologies, and increased funding, Brazil can unravel the mysteries of its bioluminescent biodiversity, drive scientific advancements, and ensure the long-term preservation of these captivating organisms.

Land-use homogenization reduces the occurrence and diversity of frugivorous birds in a tropical biodiversity hotspot.

Understanding how human-modified landscapes maintain biodiversity and provide ecosystem services is crucial for establishing conservation practices. Given that responses to land-use are species-specific, it is crucial to understand how land-use changes may shape patterns of species diversity and persistence in human-modified landscapes. Here, we used a comprehensive data set on bird distribution from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest to understand how species richness and individual occurrences of frugivorous bird species responded to land-use spatial predictors and, subsequently, assess how ecological traits and phylogeny modulated these responses. Using Bayesian hierarchical modeling, we reveal that the richness of frugivorous birds was positively associated with the amount of native forest and negatively with both agriculture and pasture amount at the landscape scale. Conversely, the effect of these predictors on species occurrence and ecological traits was highly variable and presented a weak phylogenetic signal. Furthermore, land-use homogenization (i.e., the conversion of forest to pasture or agriculture) led to pervasive consequences for forest-dependent bird species, whereas several generalist species thrived in deforested areas, replacing those sensitive to habitat disturbances.

Occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders, burnout, and psychological suffering in Brazilian nursing workers: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) pose a pervasive concern among nursing professionals due to the high physical workload. Simultaneously, the complex relationship between MSDs and mental health outcomes in this population remains an area of significant interest and importance. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of MSDs and their relationships with burnout and psychological suffering within the nursing workforce. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 involving 291 nursing professionals in Brazil. Standardized questionnaires were employed to gather information on MSDs, mental health outcomes, and pertinent work-related factors. Robust statistical analyses were conducted to ascertain the prevalence of MSDs, establish associations between MSDs and mental health outcomes, and delineate the influence of work-related factors on these associations. Statistical analysis was performed using the R software. Results: The study revealed a significant prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) among nursing workers, focusing on regions that include the lower back, upper back, neck, and shoulders. Individuals with MSIs in the lower back showed a marked increase in emotional exhaustion (p = 0.02), as did those with MSIs in the upper back (p <0.01) and depersonalization (p = 0.07). On the other hand, nursing professionals who reported MSIs in the neck and shoulders had considerably higher scores in emotional exhaustion (p <0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively) and depersonalization (p = 0.05 and p = 0.05, respectively). However, no significant correlations emerged between MSIs and depression or work-related factors. Conclusions: This study highlights the urgency of implementing proactive measures to prevent and manage MSDs within the nursing profession. Moreover, it emphasizes the critical need to enhance working conditions and provide robust support mechanisms to safeguard the mental health of nursing professionals.Open AccessOpen Access.

First Record of the Genus Trochiliphagus Carriker 1960 (Amblycera: Ricinidae) Infesting a Hummingbird from Brazil.

Four genera and at least fifty species of chewing lice have been recorded infesting hummingbirds (Trochilidae). Here, we record for the first time, the genus Trochiliphagus in Brazil, as well as, a new host record for Trochiliphagus mellivorus Carriker, the fork-tailed woodnymph, Thalurania furcata.

Characterisation of the novel HLA-C*08:275 allele, first identified in a Brazilian individual.

The novel HLA-C*08:275 allele, first described in a potential bone marrow donor from Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the activities of the Schistosomiasis Control Program in Brazil: is the goal of controlling the disease by 2030 at risk?

BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis continues to represent a serious public health problem in Brazil. With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several control strategies were suspended, probably compromising the goals of eradicating the disease in the country. We aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE) actions in all endemic states of Brazil. METHODS: We performed an ecological study using spatial analysis techniques. The PCE variables assessed were the population surveyed, the number of Kato-Katz tests, positive cases of schistosomiasis and the percentage of cases treated between 2015 and 2021. The percent change was calculated to verify if there was an increase or decrease in 2020 and 2021, along with time trend analyses provided by the Joinpoint model. Spatial distribution maps were elaborated considering the percent change. RESULTS: The surveyed population decreased in 2020 (-65.38%) and 2021 (-37.94%) across Brazil. There was a proportional reduction in the number of Kato-Katz tests (2020, -67.48%; 2021, -40.52%), a decrease in the percentage of positive cases (2020, -71.16%; 2021, -40.5%) and a reduction in the percentage of treated cases (2020, -72.09%; 2021, -41.67%). Time trend analyses showed a decreasing trend in most PCE variables. CONCLUSIONS: The PCE activities were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and PCE strategies must be urgently reviewed, focusing on investments in all endemic areas.

Dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and stable C isotope ratios (δ13CDIC) in a tropical watershed with diversified land use in São Paulo State, Brazil.

The fluvial transport of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is an important component of the global carbon cycle. Herein, we assessed the dynamics of DIC and the C stable isotopic composition (δ13CDIC) in a watershed with diversified land use in São Paulo State (Brazil), more specifically in the Sorocaba River basin (SRB) and considered the temporal and spatial scales. For this purpose, twelve fluvial samples at each sampling point (e.g., S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) were collected in the SRB, from June 2009 to May 2010, which represented one complete hydrological cycle that included the extremes of the rainfall and discharge regimes. In addition, the δ13CDIC values were also characterized in the wet and dry season at all sampling points to verify their seasonal variability. The results reflected the seasonal variation in discharges, water temperatures, and electrical conductivities. Most of the DIC was transported in the wet season at all sampling points, where the less negative δ13CDIC values were characterized. The natural sources of DIC are associated with atmospheric/soil CO2 consumption. The anthropogenic impacts on both [DIC] and δ13CDIC are linked to untreated urban sewage that is discharged directly into the Sorocaba River, as well as to aquatic photosynthesis in the Itupararanga Reservoir. From 1970 to 2020, the modeling proposed in this study indicated that the annual flux of DIC (Friver) varied from 9.0 to 78.7 t km-2 a-1, confirming that the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) controlled Friver in the SRB, with higher and lower Friver values occurring during strong El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN) years. The average Friver value was 20 t km-2 a-1, which is higher than those obtained in natural several temperate and tropical watersheds due to the influences of urban areas on [DIC] in the SRB.

Development and application of the Rapha® device for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.

INTRODUCTION: Transforming medical research into real-world healthcare solutions is a complex endeavor that may benefit from the synergy between academic research, governmental support, and industry innovation. OBJECTIVES: In this article we delve into the framework of Translational Medical Research (TMR) in Brazil, elucidating the possible interplay between public universities and other pivotal stakeholders in the translational journey. METHODS: Our focal point is the Rapha® device, an innovative medical technology, as we explore its ethical and regulatory journey. We seek to understand the environment that shapes healthcare technology development through a mixed-methods research design, combining policy analysis with stakeholder interviews. RESULTS: The research begins by examining public policies, aiming to carve out a socially inclusive and advantageous ecosystem. We then highlight the pivotal components-steps, milestones, stakeholders, and policies that underpin the TMR process. Our findings reveal that while TMR frequently culminates in patents and technology transfer agreements, specific regulatory and production challenges exist, particularly during transitioning from the T3 (clinical trials) to T4 (public health practice) phase. We provide insights into its translational progression by tracing the developmental stages from foundational research (T0) to clinical trials (T3) for the Rapha® device. CONCLUSION: Ultimately, this study underscores TMR's vital role in advancing healthcare access and posits that academic institutions can significantly influence the creation of ethically robust, regulated, and impactful medical innovations, contributing meaningfully to global healthcare.

HAS THE AGING OF BRAZILIANS IMPACTED THE OCCURRENCE OF OSTEO-CARTILAGINOUS NEOPLASMS?

Cancer cases and survival have increased significantly in recent decades. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we sought to evidence whether bone, joint and cartilage neoplasms are increasing with the aging of the Brazilian population, using the analysis of the DATASUS and IBGE databases, between 1979 and 2020. METHODS: We compared the means and the proportion of death in Brazil, to observe the confidence interval overlaps, separated by region. Comparison between genders, age group, death and specific rate were compared via proportion tests and the trend was investigated via time series analysis. RESULTS: Through the analyses, we can see that there is an increasing trend of cases, about 2.5 times in the period. Separated by region, the Southeast stands out, with a number of deaths about 6 times higher than other regions. CONCLUSION: Metastatic carcinoma is the most common neoplasm treated by orthopedic surgeons, and it is essential to adapt to this future projection, with cases of pathological bone involvement resulting from metastatic carcinomas, increasingly present in the routine of orthopedic surgeons. Level of Evidence IV, Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Os casos oncológicos e a sobrevida aumentaram expressivamente nas últimas décadas. Objetivo: Investigar se as neoplasias de osso, articulação e cartilagem estão aumentando com o envelhecimento da população brasileira, por meio da análise das bases de dado do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), entre os anos de 1979 e 2020. Métodos: Realizamos a comparação de médias e de proporção de morte entre as regiões do Brasil para observar as sobreposições de intervalo de confiança em cada região. A comparação entre sexo, faixa etária, óbito e taxa específica foi feita via testes de proporção, e a tendência foi investigada via análise de séries temporais. Resultados: Foi evidenciada uma tendência crescente dos casos de neoplasia, com um aumento de cerca de 2,5 vezes no período analisado. Entre as regiões do Brasil, destacou-se o Sudeste, com número de mortes cerca de seis vezes maior que outras regiões. Conclusão: O carcinoma metastático é a neoplasia mais comum tratada pelos cirurgiões ortopédicos, e é fundamental nos adequarmos a essa projeção futura, com casos de comprometimento ósseo patológicos decorrentes de carcinomas metastáticos cada vez mais presentes na rotina do cirurgião ortopédico. Nível de Evidência IV, Estudo Observacional Transversal.

Prevalence and risk factors of gastrointestinal helminths infection in Brazilian horses: A retrospective study of a 12-year (2008-2019) diagnostic data.

Understanding gastrointestinal parasite distribution is crucial for effective control programs in horses. This study reports the prevalence of helminth infections in horses and selected risk factors (i.e., breed, age, climate, season) by analyzing 19,276 fecal samples from the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, in Curitiba, Southern Brazil. The analyses were carried out from 2008 to 2019, coming from 153 stud farms located in 60 municipalities of nine Brazilian states. The parasite prevalence was 73.3%, with 72.1% present in the adult population and 80.6% in young horses. Strongyles were present in 100% horse farms. Strongyles had a prevalence of 72.1% with a mean FEC of 453.53 (+/- 717.6). Parascaris spp. had a prevalence of 5.8% and a FEC of 17.11 (+/- 149.2). The tropical wet/monsoon climate (Am) showed the lowest FEC for strongyles and Parascaris spp. when compared to the other climates. In the logistic regression analysis, young horses exhibited 4.6 times higher odds ratio (OR) (3.9-5.5) of Parascaris spp. and 1.2 (1.1-1.4) times higher OR of strongyles egg shedding when compared to adults (P < 0.001). Summer presented a higher risk for Parascaris spp. and Strongyles eggs when compared to the other seasons (P < 0.001). Mangalarga Marchador, Criollo, and Crossbred breeds were identified with higher OR of Parascaris spp. egg shedding than Thoroughbred. The extensive prevalence of strongyles across ages, seasons, breeds, and climates alerts for the risk of clinical manifestations in equines raised on pastures designing optimal health management and parasite control strategies worldwide.

Characterisation of the novel HLA-B*35:593 allele using short and long-read sequencing technologies.

The novel HLA-B*35:593 allele, first described in a potential bone marrow donor from Brazil.

Understanding the municipal-level design and adaptation of pay-for-performance schemes across two states of Brazil.

The design of complex health systems interventions, such as pay for performance (P4P), can be critical to determining such programmes' success. In P4P programmes, the design of financial incentives is crucial in shaping how these programmes work. However, the design of such schemes is usually homogenous across providers within a given scheme. Consequently, there is a limited understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of P4P design elements from the implementers' perspective. This study takes advantage of the unique context of Brazil, where municipalities adapted the federal incentive design, resulting in variations in incentive design across municipalities. The study aims to understand why municipalities in Brazil chose certain P4P design features, the associated challenges, and the local adaptations made to address problems in scheme design. This study was a multiple-case study design relying on qualitative data from twenty municipalities from two states in northeastern Brazil. We conducted two key informant interviews with municipal-level stakeholders and focus group discussions with primary care providers. We also reviewed municipal PMAQ laws in each municipality. We found substantial variation in the design choices made by municipalities regarding 'who was incentivised', the 'payment size' and 'frequency'. Design choices affected relationships within municipalities and within teams. Challenges were chiefly associated with fairness relating to 'who received the incentive', 'what is incentivised', and the 'incentive size'. Adaptations were made to improve fairness, mostly in response to pressure from the healthcare workers. The significant variation in design choices across municipalities and providers' response to them highlights the importance of considering local context in the design and implementation of P4P schemes and ensuring flexibility to accommodate local preferences and emerging needs. Attention is needed to ensure the choice of 'who is incentivised' and the 'size of incentives' are inclusive and fair, and the allocation and 'use of funds' are transparent.

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 infection among prisoners of a major penitentiary complex of Goiás State, Central-West Brazil.

Introduction: Studies on human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) infection are scarce in incarcerated population. Therefore, this study estimated the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among prisoners of the major penitentiary complex of Goiás State, Central-West Brazil, comparing it with available data from other Brazilian regions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 910 prisoners of the major penitentiary complex in the State of Goiás, Central-West Brazil. All participants were interviewed, and their serum samples were tested for anti-HTLV-1/2 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Murex HTLV-I + II, DiaSorin, Dartford, UK). Seropositive samples were submitted for confirmation by a line immunoassay (INNO-LIA HTLV I/II, Fujirebio, Europe N.V., Belgium). Results: The majority of participants were males (83.1%), between 25 and 39 years old (56.1%; mean age: 31.98 years), self-reported brown ethnicity (56.2%) and reported 9 years or less of formal education (41.4%). Most reported using non-injectable illicit drugs and various sexual behaviors that present risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The prevalence of anti-HTLV-1/2 was 0.33% (95% CI: 0.07-0.96), HTLV-1 (0.22%) and HTLV-2 (0.11%). The two HTLV-1 seropositive prisoners reported high-risk sexual behaviors, and the HTLV-2 seropositive individual was breastfed during childhood (> 6 months) by her mother and three other women. Conclusion: These data revealed a relatively low seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 in prisoners in Central-West Brazil, and evidence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 circulation in the major penitentiary complex of Goiás State. Given the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors, there is a crucial need to intensify education and health programs in prisons to effectively control and prevent HTLV-1/2 and other STIs.

Addressing Mental Health Needs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: The case of São Caetano do Sul, Brazil.

São Caetano do Sul, a city in southeastern Brazil, boasts exemplary social indicators and healthcare services, with a population of 162,763 and a density of 9,736.03 inhabitants/km². Allocating 25% of its budget to healthcare, the city's mental healthcare services adhere to the National Mental Health Policy. Structured services include a CAPS-II, CAPS-AD, outpatient teams, and teams in various locations. Initiatives since 2000 include inaugurating a CAPS-AD in 2006, a psychiatric emergency service in 2010, and a CAPS-II in 2016, relocating CAPS-AD in 2019, and establishing the Cuca Legal Project in 2022. São Caetano do Sul has a Mental Health Risk Classification Protocol to aid clinical decision-making. Developing care lines for various groups, it offers programs like smoking prevention, school psychology, and obesity support. Collaborating with community centers, these facilities serve as teaching environments. The mental health care network focuses on five axes: Communication, Care, Prevention, Management, and Education, with specific proposed actions and competencies. Despite progress, challenges remain. Expanding access, reducing stigma, and implementing robust monitoring are crucial. São Caetano do Sul's experience offers valuable insights for similar urban settings in LMICs developing mental health programs.

Advancing nursing education in Brazil: A systematic literature review of curricular evolution and emerging challenges.

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses changes and challenges within the nursing curriculum in the Brazilian context, focusing on addressing contemporary professional and societal demands. DESIGN: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify and analyze the changes in Brazil's nursing curricula over time. DATA SOURCES: Articles published between 1987 and 2023 were selected from Scopus and Web of Science databases for the systematic review. REVIEW METHODS: A hybrid review approach was employed, integrating Systematic Literature Review (SLR), Bibliometrics, and metanarrative. The study adhered to the SPAR-4-SLR (Scientific Procedures and Rationale for Systematic Literature Reviews) protocol, involving three main stages: (i) aggregation, (ii) organization, and (iii) evaluation. The analysis primarily focused on identifying emerging trends and evaluating curricular changes over the specified timeframe. RESULTS: Analysis of the selected literature identified four principal thematic groups that emerged during the review period: (i) longitudinal curriculum assessment, (ii) biological and health sciences, (iii) human and social sciences, and (iv) nursing sciences. Noteworthy trends included the integration of emerging topics like mental health and care for victims of violence, coupled with a notable increase in emphasis on transformative and competency-based education. Nevertheless, significant gaps were observed in the existing literature, particularly concerning the absence of perspectives from students and recent graduates and limited research on vulnerabilities within the curriculum structure. CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the imperative for flexible and adaptable nursing curricula that effectively address Brazil's diverse regional and social realities. It emphasizes the significance of adopting a holistic and inclusive approach to nursing education, preparing professionals to confront contemporary health challenges in a nation characterized by extensive cultural diversity and vast geographical dimensions. Further research and input from students and recent graduates are indispensable to rectify the gaps and ensure the continuous evolution of nursing education in Brazil.

Biocultural heritage of the Caatinga: a systematic review of Myrtaceae and its multiple uses.

The Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome, stands as a reservoir of remarkable biodiversity. Its significance transcends ecological dimensions, given the direct reliance of the local population on its resources for sustenance and healthcare. While Myrtaceae, a pivotal botanical family within the Brazilian flora, has been extensively explored for its medicinal and nutritional attributes, scant attention has been directed towards its contextual relevance within the Caatinga's local communities. Consequently, this inaugural systematic review addresses the ethnobotanical roles of Myrtaceae within the Caatinga, meticulously anchored in the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched Scopus, MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scielo, and LILIACS. No date-range filter was applied. An initial pool of 203 articles was carefully scrutinized, ultimately yielding 31 pertinent ethnobotanical studies elucidating the utility of Myrtaceae amongst the Caatinga's indigenous populations. Collectively, they revealed seven distinct utilization categories spanning ~54 species and 11 genera. Psidium and Eugenia were the genera with the most applications. The most cited categories of use were food (27 species) and medicinal (22 species). The importance of accurate species identification was highlighted, as many studies did not provide enough information for reliable identification. Additionally, the potential contribution of Myrtaceae fruits to food security and human health was explored. The diversity of uses demonstrates how this family is a valuable resource for local communities, providing sources of food, medicine, energy, and construction materials. This systematic review also highlights the need for more ethnobotanical studies to understand fully the relevance of Myrtaceae species in the Caatinga, promoting biodiversity conservation, as well as support for local populations.

Forensic Geochemistry Reveals International Ship Dumping as a Source of New Oil Spill in Brazil's Coastline (Bahia) in Late 2023.

In the present study, we applied forensic geochemistry to investigate the origin and fate of spilled oils like tarballs stranded at the beaches of Bahia, in northeastern Brazil, in September 2023, based on their fingerprints. Saturated and aromatic compounds were assessed by gas chromatography, and the oceanic surface circulation patterns were deciphered to determine the geographic origin of the spill. Contamination by petroleum represents an enormous threat to the unique, species-rich ecosystems of the study area. The geochemical fingerprint of the oil spilled in 2023 did not correlate with those of previous events, including the one in 2019, the one in early 2022 in Ceará, and an extensive spill across the Brazilian Northeast in late 2022. However, the fingerprint did correlate with crude oils produced by Middle Eastern countries, most likely Kuwait. The oil of the 2023 spill had a carbonate marine origin from early mature source rocks. These findings, together with the moderate weathering of the 2023 tarballs and the ocean circulation patterns at the time of the event, indicate that the oil was discharged close to the shore of Brazil, to the east or southeast of Salvador, by a tanker on an international route in the South Atlantic.

Use of Digital Tools for the Assessment of Food Consumption in Brazil: A Scoping Review.

This is a scoping review on mapping the use of digital tools to assess food consumption in Brazil. Searches were carried out in nine electronic databases (Medline, Lilacs, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, Ovid, Free Medical Journal and Crossref) to select studies published from October 2020 to December 2023. This review identified forty-eight digital tools in the 94 publications analyzed, the most frequent being web-based technologies (60%) and mobile devices (40%). Among these studies, 55% (n = 52) adopted a population-based approach, while 45% (n = 42) focused on specific regions. The predominant study design observed was cross-sectional (n = 63). A notable trend observed was the increasing frequency of validation studies in recent years. Although the use of digital tools in the assessment of food consumption in Brazil has grown in recent years, studies did not describe the process of creating and validating the tools, which would contribute to the improvement of data quality. Investments that allow the expansion of the use of the internet and mobile devices; the improvement of digital literacy; and the development of open-access tools, especially in the North and Northeast regions, are challenges that require a concerted effort towards providing equal opportunities, fostering encouragement, and delving deeper into the potential of digital tools within studies pertaining to food consumption in Brazil.

Cutaneous Mucormycosis in Buffalos in the Brazilian Amazon Biome.

This is the first description of cutaneous mucormycosis in buffalo in the Brazilian Amazon biome. All buffalo showed apathy, inappetence, weight loss, reluctance to move, and prolonged sternal decubitus. Of the four affected animals, two died 15 and 30 days after the appearance of clinical signs. In the initial phase, the skin lesions were rounded areas with dry central regions, sensitive to palpation, with protruding edges and diameters ranging from 8 cm to 15 cm. These areas of necrosis were isolated or coalescing and present mainly on the limbs and sides. In an advanced stage of the disease, there was detachment of the skin from the necrotic areas with extensive wound formation, which sometimes exposed the subcutaneous tissue. The histopathology of the skin showed a multifocal inflammatory infiltrate composed of intact and degenerated eosinophils surrounded by epithelioid macrophages. At the center of these areas was a focally extensive area of epidermal ulceration characterized by intact and degenerated neutrophils, the necrosis of epithelial cells, and the accumulation of fibrin and erythrocytes. The mycological culture was positive for Rhizopus sp. The diagnosis of cutaneous dermatitis caused by Rhizopus sp. was based on clinical signs, macroscopic and histopathological findings, and the identification of the fungus by mycological and molecular techniques.