[The ethics of IA in medicine must be based on the practical ethics of the healthcare relationship]. / L'éthique de l'IA en médecine doit reposer sur l'éthique pratique de la relation de soin.

THE ETHICS OF IA IN MEDICINE MUST BE BASED ON THE PRACTICAL ETHICS OF THE HEALTHCARE RELATIONSHIP. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers more and more applications on the Internet, smartphones, computers, telemedicine. AI is growing rapidly in health. Transdisciplinary, AI must respect software engineering (reliability, robustness, security), knowledge obsolescence, law, ethics because a wide variety of algorithms, more or less opaque, process personal data help clinical decision. Hospital or city doctors and caregivers question the benefits/risks/costs of AI for the patient, the care relationship, deontology and medical ethics. Drawing on 30 years of experience in AI and medical ethics, the author proposes a first indicator of the ethical risks of AI (axis 1) evaluated by the surface of a radar diagram defined on the other 6 axes: Semantics, Opacity and acceptability, Complexity and autonomy, Target population, Actors (roles and motivations). Highly autonomous strong AI carries the most ethic risks.

L'ÉTHIQUE DE L'IA EN MÉDECINE DOIT REPOSER SUR L'ÉTHIQUE PRATIQUE DE LA RELATION DE SOIN. L'intelligence artificielle (IA) offre de plus en plus d'applications de santé sur smartphones, ordinateurs, télémédecine, internet des objets. Transdisciplinaire, l'IA doit respecter l'ingénierie logicielle (fiabilité, robustesse, sécurité), l'obsolescence des connaissances, le droit, l'éthique, car une grande variété d'algorithmes, plus ou moins opaques, traitent des données personnelles dans l'aide à la décision clinique. Médecins et soignants hospitaliers ou libéraux s'interrogent sur les bénéfices, risques, coûts de l'IA pour le patient, la relation de soin, la déontologie et l'éthique médicale. S'appuyant sur trente ans d'expérience en IA et en éthique médicale, cet article propose un premier indicateur des risques éthiques de l'IA (premier axe) défini par la surface du diagramme radar des autres axes (sémantique ; opacité et acceptabilité ; complexité et autonomie ; population cible ; acteurs [rôles et motivations]). L'IA forte autonome est celle qui comporte le plus de risques éthiques.

Barriers to ethical treatment of patients in clinical environments: A systematic narrative review.

Background and Aim: It is essential that healthcare providers display ethical behavior toward their patients. Despite development of codes of ethics for clinical practice, the occurrence of unethical behaviors toward patients is alarmingly high. The present study was conducted to identify the barriers to ethical treatment of patients in clinical environments. Methods: Through systematic narrative review, the present study investigated the barriers to ethical treatment of patients. This study was carried out in line with Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 and Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Ethical challenges in clinical environments can be classified into two categories: "organizational factors" and "personal factors." Organizational factors consist of three domains: managers and regulations, organizational environment, and human resources. Personal factors consist of two domains: factors related to patients and their families and factors related to care providers. Conclusion: Research shows that encouraging healthcare teams to adopt ethical behaviors through education and having them persistently observe ethics in their clinical practice will not completely bridge the gap between theory and practice: it seems that the clinical environment, the personal characteristics of healthcare team members and patients, and the organizational values of the healthcare system pose the greatest barrier to bridging this gap. Accordingly, in addition to raising healthcare providers' awareness of the existing issues in clinical ethics, measures should be taken to improve organizational culture and atmosphere.

Inhibitors and facilitators of compliance with professional ethics standards: nurses' perspective.

INTRODUCTION: The clinical practices of nurses should be in accordance with the principles of professional ethics. Respecting professional ethics principles depends on several factors. The present study was conducted to investigate the effective inhibitors and facilitators in compliance with professional ethics and their importance from the nurses' perspective. METHODS: During this cross-sectional descriptive study, 452 nurses were included by the census sampling method. The data were collected via the "inhibitors of compliance with professional ethics standards by the nurses' perspective" and "facilitators of compliance with professional ethics standards by the nurses' perspective" questionnaires. Additionally, by designing the "open-ended question" section, other inhibiting and facilitating factors of professional ethics standards from the nurses' perspective were investigated. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Wilcoxon signed ranks test). RESULTS: The individual care-related dimension as a facilitator had the highest mean score compared to the other dimensions (76.62 ± 4.92). Furthermore, seven items in the inhibitor section, 19 items in the facilitator section had higher scores. Among them, there were seven items in common. Strong or weak belief in compliance with ethical issues had the highest mean scores in the role of facilitator and inhibitor (90.54 ± 12.13 and 89.54 ± 14.88, respectively). CONCLUSION: Strong or weak belief in compliance with ethical issues was the most important inhibitor and facilitator from the nurses' perspective, which makes it necessary to examine individual beliefs about ethical issues among applicants to enter the nursing profession.

Use and impact of the ANA Code: a scoping review.

Adherence to professional ethics in nursing is fundamental for high-quality ethical care. However, analysis of the use and impact of nurses' codes of ethics as a part of professional ethics is limited. To fill this gap in knowledge, the aim of our review was to describe the use and impact of the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements published by the American Nurses Association as an example of one of the earliest and most extensive codes of ethics for nurses with their interpretative statements and constituting a strong basis for the International Council of Nurses' Code of Ethics for Nurses. We based our review on previous literature using a scoping review method. We included both non-scientific and scientific publications to provide an analysis of codes of ethics which can be utilized in development and revision of other nurses' codes of ethics. In the searches, we used CINAHL and PubMed databases limiting publications to texts with a connection to the Code of Ethics for Nurses published from January 2001 to November 2022 and written in English. Searches yielded 1739 references, from which 785 non-scientific and 71 scientific publications were included for analysis of the data. Although non-scientific and scientific publications addressed different number of categories, the results indicated that in the both groups the use and impact focused on professional ethics, nursing practice, and work environment and less on education, research, or social health issues. Nurses' ethical standards were not addressed in non-scientific publications, and clinical issues and leadership were not in focus in scientific publications. To increase evidence-based knowledge of the impact of codes of ethics additional research is needed. Good scientific conduct was followed.

Overview and Enlightenment of Codes of Ethics for Nurses at Home and Abroad / 中国医学伦理学

Formulating codes of ethics for nurses are not only the need of establishing nurses’ professional image and dignity, but also the demand of nursing discipline development. By combing the relevant documents of codes of ethics for nurses at home and abroad, this paper summarized the main contents and application of codes of ethics for nurses, found that codes of ethics for nurses were based on the basic principle of "patient-oriented", discussing the relationship between nurses and patients, collaborators, environment, society, specialty and personal development, and forming the constraint standard for nurses’ behavior in combination with the expectation of local cultural values for nursing industry. The codes of ethics for nurses in China need to further clarify the scope of nursing, formulate behavioral norms in various specialties, and through clinical evaluation, education, management and other aspects to promote its popularization and implementation.

Ethical considerations in implementing AI for mortality prediction in the emergency department: Linking theory and practice.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is predicted to be a solution for improving healthcare, increasing efficiency, and saving time and recourses. A lack of ethical principles for the use of AI in practice has been highlighted by several stakeholders due to the recent attention given to it. Research has shown an urgent need for more knowledge regarding the ethical implications of AI applications in healthcare. However, fundamental ethical principles may not be sufficient to describe ethical concerns associated with implementing AI applications. Objective: The aim of this study is twofold, (1) to use the implementation of AI applications to predict patient mortality in emergency departments as a setting to explore healthcare professionals' perspectives on ethical issues in relation to ethical principles and (2) to develop a model to guide ethical considerations in AI implementation in healthcare based on ethical theory. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants. The abductive approach used to analyze the empirical data consisted of four steps alternating between inductive and deductive analyses. Results: Our findings provide an ethical model demonstrating the need to address six ethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, explicability, and professional governance) in relation to ethical theories defined as virtue, deontology, and consequentialism when AI applications are to be implemented in clinical practice. Conclusions: Ethical aspects of AI applications are broader than the prima facie principles of medical ethics and the principle of explicability. Ethical aspects thus need to be viewed from a broader perspective to cover different situations that healthcare professionals, in general, and physicians, in particular, may face when using AI applications in clinical practice.

Professional values and nursing care quality: A descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Professional values are important in promoting healthy work environments, patient satisfaction, and quality of care. Magnet® hospitals are recognized for excellence in nursing care and as such, understanding the relationship between nurses' values and Magnet status is essential as healthcare organizations seek to improve patient outcomes. RESEARCH QUESTION/AIM/OBJECTIVES: The research question is: are there differences in individual values, professional values, and nursing care quality for nurses and nurse managers practicing in Magnet, Magnet journey, and non-Magnet direct patient care settings? RESEARCH DESIGN: This descriptive cross-sectional study is guided and informed by the conceptual framework of the Professional Values Model including individual values, professional values, and nursing care quality. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: Convenience sampling of registered nurses and nurse managers, responsible for direct patient care, was utilized in a non-profit healthcare system in the Midwest region of the United States. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Institutional review board approval was obtained. Participants were informed about the right to self-determine participation and assurance of anonymity. FINDINGS: 827 (n = 827) nurses and nurse managers responded to the survey. Significant differences were identified in individual values sub-scale: self-enhancement (p = 0.38), professional values (p = 0.037), practice environment: participation in hospital affairs (p = 0.00), foundations for quality care (p = 0.016), and resources adequacy (p = 0.012) and in nurse sensitive HCAHPS questions: nurses explained things understandably (p = 0.00), got help as soon as wanted (p = 0.00), and treated with courtesy and respect (p = 0.00). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that fostering individual and professional values may impact nursing practice, regardless of Magnet designation. Promoting professional values may contribute to improved work environments, enhancing patient satisfaction. Study results offer valuable insights for organizations striving to enhance nursing values, impacting quality of care provided to patients. MESH TERMS: Cross-Sectional Studies, Respect, Ethics Committees, Patient Satisfaction, Nurse Administrators, and Personal Satisfaction.

The effect of flipped-jigsaw learning models on ethical decision-making.

BACKGROUND: Ethical decision-making education in nursing can be taught effectively by combining different teaching models that support the visualisation of taught concepts and integrating theory into practice. OBJECTIVES: The study aims to examine the effect of flipped and jigsaw learning models on ethical decision-making and ethical sensitivity in nursing. RESEARCH DESIGN: We used a nested mixed design. A pretest-posttest single-group quasi-experimental design was used in the quantitative part, and a case study method was used in the qualitative part. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: This study was conducted in fall semester with second-year nursing students who studied an ethics course for the first time, using two different collaborative learning models. In the quantitative part, ethical dilemma and ethical sensitivity scales were made as pre-test with 117 and post-test with 128 students. In the qualitative part, a semi-structured three focus group interviews was conducted with 16 students. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: After obtaining the approval of the University's ethics committee, the study was carried out after obtaining participants' informed written and verbal consent. FINDINGS: Students' perspectives changed positively after training. This was related to six cases in section A of the Ethical Dilemma Scale. In part B, Practical Consideration (PC) and Principled Thinking (PT) mean scores were similar, showing no significant difference. For Familiarity in section C, it was determined that 68.4% of students in the pre-test and 77.3% in the post-test were familiar with similar dilemmas. The ethical sensitivity scale's total scores were in a similar range. In the qualitative stage, ethical decision-making, ethical sensitivity, ethical dilemma and the improvement process were obtained as a theme. CONCLUSIONS: There was an increase in the level of ethical sensitivity and familiarity with ethical dilemmas of nursing students after education. Flipped and jigsaw learning models can be used for nursing ethics courses.

Two cases of nursing older nursing home residents during COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: Two ethical challenges of nursing home nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden are discussed in this paper. BACKGROUND: Historically, the nurse's primary concern is for the person who is ill, which is the core of nurses' moral responsibility and identity. In Sweden, person-centered care is generally deemed important in nursing older nursing home residents. OBJECTIVE: To chart moral responsibilities of nursing home nurses in two cases involving older residents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. METHODS: We used Margaret Urban Walker's framework for moral responsibilities and the International Council of Nurses (ICN) code of ethics for nurses (2021) for our normative analysis. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Written and verbal consent was obtained before the interviews, and information was given that participation was entirely voluntary and possible to cancel at any time before the work was published. The Swedish Ethical Review Agency gave an advisory opinion stating that there were no ethical objections to this research project (Dnr. 2020-05649). FINDINGS: Case #1: a palliative older nursing home resident who was coercively tested for COVID-19, and case #2: a COVID-19-infected resident with dementia who was isolated using sedation. The decision that was finally made in the respective case was analyzed in the light of either consequentialist/utilitarian or non-consequentialist/deontological reasons. DISCUSSION: Empowerment of nurses as moral agents is required for the application of practical wisdom in the balancing of different care relationships (responsibilities), moral identities (professional virtues), and competing moral values. This requires resources and opens possibilities for profound ethical reflection in nursing education and at work. CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the moral and professional responsibility of nursing home nurses to deliver person-centered care was sometimes problematically abandoned in favor of a more utilitarian manner of ethical decision-making.

[Evolutions of the "framework of benefits" system]. / Évolutions du dispositif « encadrement des avantages ¼.

EVOLUTIONS OF THE "FRAMEWORK OF BENEFITS" SYSTEM. In the field of compliance, the last thirty years have been marked by an evolution of the regulatory framework in order to adapt an anti-corruption system to the whole ecosystem of health professionals and industrialists. Although the various developments now make the "framework of benefits" a solid legislative construction, the latest news shows the need to move towards a reinforcement of illegal practices as well as a framework of canvassing for promotion between industrialists and health professionals. However, the construction of this legal framework has given rise to concerns and questions, particularly from physicians' associations, concerning their training prospects and their search for funding.

ÉVOLUTIONS DU DISPOSITIF « ENCADREMENT DES AVANTAGES ¼. Dans le champ de la compliance (ou conformité), les trente dernières années ont été marquées par une évolution du cadre réglementaire afin d'adapter un dispositif anticorruption à l'ensemble d'un écosystème de professionnels de santé et d'industriels. Si les différentes évolutions font désormais du dispositif « Encadrement des avantages ¼ une construction législative solide, les dernières actualités montrent la nécessité de tendre vers un renforcement de l'encadrement des pratiques illégales ainsi qu'un encadrement du démarchage à la promotion entre les industriels et les professionnels de santé. La construction de ce cadre juridique a toutefois été à l'origine d'inquiétudes et de questionnements, notamment des associations de médecins concernant leurs perspectives de formation et leur recherche de financements.

Children First, a Debate on the Restrictions to Tackle COVID-19.

Sometimes, when a public health disaster strikes, mandatory freedom-limiting restrictions must be enforced in order to save lives. During the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, the customary and necessary exchange of ideas in academia drastically changed in most countries, and the absence of debate on the restrictions enforced became evident. Now that the pandemic seems to be drawing to an end, the aim of this article is to spark clinical and public debate on the ethical issues concerning pediatric COVID-19 mandates in an attempt to analyze what happened. With theoretical reflection, and not empirical inquiry, we address the mitigation measures which proved detrimental to children despite being beneficial to other segments of the population. We focus on three key points: (i) the sacrifice of fundamental children's rights for the greater good, (ii) the feasibility of cost-benefit analyses to make public health decisions and restrictions which affect children, and (iii) to analyze the impediments to allowing children's voices to be heard concerning their medical treatment.

The promises and limitations of codes of medical ethics as instruments of policy change.

Codes of medical ethics (codes) are part of a longstanding tradition in which physicians publicly state their core values and commitments to patients, peers, and the public. However, codes are not static. Using the historical evolution of the Canadian Medical Association's Code of Ethics as an illustrative case, we argue that codes are living, socio-historically situated documents that comprise a mix of prescriptive and aspirational content. Reflecting their socio-historical situation, we can expect the upheaval of the COVID-19 pandemic to prompt calls to revise codes. Indeed, Alex John London has argued in favour of specific modifications to the World Medical Association's International Code of Medical Ethics (which has since been revised) in light of moral and scientific failures that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Responding to London, we address the more general question: should codes be modified to reflect lessons drawn from the COVID-19 pandemic or future such upheavals? We caution that codes face limitations as instruments of policy change because they are inherently interpretive and 'multivocal', that is, they usually underdetermine or provide more than one answer to the question, 'What should I do now?' Nonetheless, as both prescriptive and aspirational documents, codes also serve as tools for reflection and deliberation-collective practices that are necessary to engaging with and addressing the moral and scientific uncertainties inherent to medicine.

Paramedic use and understanding of their professional code of conduct.

BACKGROUND: Paramedicine is a newly regulated profession in Australia and with the introduction of regulation in 2018 for this profession came increased responsibilities - including the introduction of a professional code of conduct. Several countries now have regulation of paramedicine and associated professional codes to guide ethical and professional behaviour. Despite this, there has been no published research into paramedic understanding and use of their professional codes. OBJECTIVES: To explore Australian paramedics' use and understanding of their professional code of conduct. Research design: This study used a qualitative descriptive design, underpinned by hermeneutic theory. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data and identify Australian paramedic perceptions surrounding the use of their code of conduct. RESULTS: 11 Registered Paramedics from several states and territories were interviewed. Participants were invited to interview by advertisement on social media and the Australasian College of Paramedicine Web site. Participants had varied professional backgrounds including clinical work, education providers and policymakers/managers. Four themes were identified as follows: Theme 1 - 'You don't know, what you can't know'; Theme 2 - 'I don't need the code - the code is for others'; Theme 3 - 'It's about time'; Theme 4 - 'Navigating the new profession'. Ethical considerations: Ethics approval was granted by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (MUHREC) Project ID: 28921. All participants provided informed consent. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that paramedics' knowledge and use of their code is limited, and participants appeared to mostly rely instead on 'common sense' morals. Participants did appear to want to understand the broad concepts of the code more and have this better integrated into the profession. The code was also interpreted as important to the paramedic profession and its new professional status, helping to legitimise it as a health profession in Australia.

Ethical principles in psychotherapy within a broad psychological and medical deontological framework: An international comparison / Principios éticos en psicoterapia dentro de un amplio marco deontológico psicológico y médico: una comparación internacional

Awareness of ethics codes and professional guidelines is crucial to a professional role in psychotherapy practice. Psychotherapy practice is increasingly heterogeneous, and there is much discussion about their effectiveness for clients. In some countries, psychotherapy is an autonomous profession. In others, is part of the professional features of psychologists and psychiatrists, and it is possible to find other health professionals working as psychotherapists in some countries. Considering that ethical principles are central to the performance of a profession, we intend to find connections between the ethical principles for psychotherapists and psychologists or psychiatrists. A critical review was done to promote an integrative vision of ethics codes in psychotherapy. Content analysis of the ethics codes in psychotherapy was per-formed. Confidentiality, competence, and integrity were the principles more frequently found. Psychotherapists seem to have a major concern with interpersonal relationshipsand are less linked to social responsibility. (AU)

El conocimiento de los códigos éticos y las directrices profesionales es crucial para desempeñar un papel profesional en la práctica de la psicoterapia. La práctica de la psicoterapia es cada vez más heterogénea y se discute mucho sobre su eficacia para los clientes. En algunos países, la psicoterapia es una profesión autónoma. En otros forma parte de las características profesionales de psicólogos y psiquiatras, y es posible encontrar a otros profesionales de la salud trabajando como psicoterapeutas en algunos países. Considerando que los principios éticos son centrales para el desempeño de una profesión, pretendemos encontrar conexiones entre los principios éticos para psicoterapeutas y psicólogos o psiquiatras. Se realizó una revisión crítica para promover una visión integradora de los códigos de ética en psicoterapia. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de los códigos de ética en psicoterapia. La confidencialidad, la competencia y la integridad fueron los principios más frecuentemente encontrados. Los psicoterapeutas parecen tener una mayor preocupación por las relaciones interpersonales y están me-nos vinculados a la responsabilidad social. (AU)

Ethical issues experienced by otolaryngologists: a conventional content analysis.

To deliver effective medical services and establish trust and psychological security in patients, care providers must prioritize ethical principles. Developing a comprehensive clinical education program for learners, along with specific ethical guidelines, and implementing managerial and executive interventions necessitates a thorough understanding of the ethical challenges within this field. This qualitative study aimed to elucidate the ethical issues faced by otolaryngologists. Sixteen otolaryngologists participated in the study, selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, and the analysis, conducted through conventional content analysis, revealed eight main categories and 38 subcategories encapsulating the identified ethical issues. The primary categories encompassed ethical issues faced by otolaryngologists concerning patients and companions, education, communication with the treatment team, physicians' rights, medical tourism, medical advertising, cultural considerations, and managerial challenges. resources and treatment approaches in alignment with Iranian cultural norms, address conflicts between treatment and education, and implement sound management plans to uphold rights of the treatment team. Additionally, the study suggests the necessity of ethical advertising programs and the strategic promotion of therapeutic tourism.

Media codes of ethics for health professionals and media professionals: a qualitative study.

Media is an opportunity for health professionals; however, it is not free of threats. Fixing the threats requires professional systematization through developing practical guidelines, which brings us to the goal this study was designed to achieve. The study was conducted qualitatively through literature review, semi-structured interviews, and a focus group discussion with health and media experts, as a result of which 486 codes were extracted and classified into 4 groups. The first group was addressed to media professionals and contained 126 codes in 5 categories: seeking and reporting the truth, harm minimization, integrity, independence, and respect for the rights of others. The second and third groups were addressed to health professionals, the former (150 codes) dealing with formal media, and the latter (190 codes) dealing with cyberspace. These groups were both categorized into 6 categories: scientific demeanor, beneficence, harm minimization, integrity, maintaining the dignity of the profession and professionals, and respect for the rights of others. The fourth group was addressed to the public audience and contained 20 codes categorized into 2 categories: ethics of belief, and ethics of (re-)publishing. Since the study was conducted during the pandemic/infodemic, the proposed codes can help reduce possible conflicts in similar future situations.

Academic Integrity for All: Building Better Professionals: Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF), June 25, 2022.

This conference was convened by the Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF) on June 25, 2022. This meeting provided a forum for the presentation of scholarly works in education theory and practice. This conference specifically focused on research related to academic integrity and professionalism. During the June 2022 CERF meeting, presenters and panelists took an in-depth look at how chiropractic programs work to address academic integrity.

A Hippocratic Oath for Mathematicians? Mapping the Landscape of Ethics in Mathematics.

While the consequences of mathematically-based software, algorithms and strategies have become ever wider and better appreciated, ethical reflection on mathematics has remained primitive. We review the somewhat disconnected suggestions of commentators in recent decades with a view to piecing together a coherent approach to ethics in mathematics. Calls for a Hippocratic Oath for mathematicians are examined and it is concluded that while lessons can be learned from the medical profession, the relation of mathematicians to those affected by their work is significantly different. There is something to be learned also from the codes of conduct of cognate but professionalised quantitative disciplines such as engineering and accountancy, as well as from legal principles bearing on professional work. We conclude with recommendations that professional societies in mathematics should sponsor an (international) code of ethics, institutional mission statements for mathematicians and syllabuses of ethics courses for incorporation into mathematics degrees.

Guaranteeing dignity and decent work for migrant nurses and health care workers beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

AIM(S): The main aim of this article is to outline the devastating aftereffects of COVID-19 in terms of ethical recruitment and the respect of dignity of nurses and health care professionals. BACKGROUND: Nations experience the ominous impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of an exacerbated shortage of nurses worldwide. In this situation, migration flows of nurses are skyrocketing and the respect of the migrant nurses' dignity as human beings should be guaranteed. EVALUATION: Data from reports elaborated by the International Centre on Nurse Migration (ICNM) were examined and outlined the central role of the respect of dignity of every nurse to prevent unethical exploitation of them. KEY ISSUE(S): The respect of human dignity is a complex concept. Human dignity denotes the inner nature of human beings but also their rights at work. CONCLUSION(S): In a post-COVID-19 world with increased flows of nurse migration, it is crucial to guarantee dignity at work for migrant nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse leaders should prioritize the ethical recruitment of health care workers and give a prominent role to the WHO 'Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel' which recognizes the ethical bedrocks of employment.