"When you live in a colony every act counts": Exploring engagement in and perceptions of diverse anti-colonial resistance strategies in Puerto Rico.

While social psychology has contributed much to our understanding of collective action, other forms of resistance are understudied. However, in contexts of long-standing oppression-such as ongoing colonialism-and past repression of liberation struggles, other resistance strategies are important considering the constraints on overt, collective action in such contexts. This paper reports findings from an interview study in Puerto Rico (N = 22) exploring anti-colonial resistance. We analysed participants' own resistance, future preferred strategies, and descriptive norms of other ingroup members' resistance. Through thematic analysis, we identified six distinct forms of anti-colonial resistance. Notably, none of the participants reported participating in collective action. Instead, participants engaged in different forms of symbolic everyday resistance to preserve a positive, distinct cultural identity, and raise critical consciousness of the group's oppression. Additionally, more tangible resistance strategies included staying on the land and building independent economies. Overall, this study illustrates the importance of considering a more comprehensive set of resistance strategies in contexts of long-standing colonial oppression to recognize oppressed groups' agency and provide a better understanding of how people undermine destructive power.

Blood transfusion in the Caribbean: Historical perspective in the context of Trinidad and Tobago.

To compare the historical development of blood transfusion in Britain and a former British West Indian colony. International transfusion bodies recommend national coordination and exclusively voluntary non-remunerated donation as essential pre-requisites for blood safety. These ideals have been achieved in high-income countries including Great Britain, the United States of America and Canada. However, most West Indian countries have fragmented, hospital-based blood services that rely on family replacement and remunerated donors. Comparative historical analysis of blood transfusion service development in Great Britain and Trinidad and Tobago was undertaken to provide insight into their dichotomous development and inform policy decisions to bridge the gap between the two types of transfusion service. The British National Blood Transfusion service was based on voluntary non-remunerated blood donation from its inception but achieved national coordination over 50 years that included a period of regional control during which incoordination contributed to a tainted blood scandal. Failure to establish community voluntary non-remunerated donation in Trinidad and Tobago during the colonial period, before independence in 1962, allowed regionally-controlled family replacement and remunerated blood donation to become entrenched then perpetuated by path dependence. A university-led programme has recently used historically-proven methods, drawing on the experiences of the British National Blood Transfusion Service, to establish a model for developing a voluntary non-remunerated programme. The programme aims to avoid historical pitfalls during its national extension. Historical analysis provided information for introducing voluntary non-remunerated blood donation and planning a nationally-coordinated blood transfusion service.

Colonialism as a Social Determinant of Health in Puerto Rico: Using the Socioecological Model to Examine How the Jones Act Impacted Health After Hurricane María.

INTRODUCTION: Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States, making Puerto Ricans vulnerable to damaging colonial policy. The purpose of this article is to utilize the socioecological model (SEM) to evaluate how the Jones Act impacted Puerto Rico after Hurricane María, examining colonialist policy as a social determinant of health (SDOH) in Puerto Rico. METHODS: Levels of the SEM used in this examination included: individual, institutional, community, policy, and context. RESULTS: Evaluation of the Jones Act using the model demonstrated relationships between all socioecological levels. The Jones Act caused delays and increased prices for goods needed to rebuild community utility infrastructure, which led to extended closures of institutions like workplaces, schools, and hospitals, and ultimately contributed to increased acute and chronic physical and mental illness among Puerto Ricans. DISCUSSION: This evaluation establishes that colonialist policy negatively impacts the health of Puerto Ricans, positioning colonialism as an SDOH.

Two cases of smallpox from 1540 CE circum-contact (early colonial) Northern Coastal Peru.

OBJECTIVE: This project seeks to create a differential diagnosis for lesions found on the skeletal remains of two children as a means to explore the presence of viral disease in 16th- century Peru. MATERIALS: Extremely well-preserved human remains of two children who died between the ages of 1-2 years old, recovered from the circum-contact (∼1540 CE) cemetery in Huanchaco, Peru. METHODS: Macroscopic and radiographic analysis. RESULTS: Both individuals present with cortical thickening, symmetrical destructive lesions, metaphyseal expansion, perforations, exposure of the medullary cavity, resorption of metaphyseal ends and necrosis of the long bones, and deposited reactive new bone. These features are consistent with osteomyelitis variolosa and bacterial osteomyelitis. CONCLUSIONS: Three features of Individuals IG-124 and IG-493 suggest a highly consistent diagnosis of osteomyelitis variolosa: multiple skeletal lesions, the historical context of the area, and the high mortality rate of non-adults in the circum-contact cemetery. SIGNIFICANCE: Although viral infections are ubiquitous and well documented historically, their etiologies are often difficult to determine in archaeological populations. Orthopoxvirus variola (smallpox) is one of the many viruses whose archaeological impact is still under explored in skeletal remains. LIMITATIONS: The absence of smallpox in other children from the Huanchaco cemetery creates difficulty in ascertaining true prevalence rates or information on potential outbreaks. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: Further research analyzing aDNA from calculus and/or residues using a DIP-GC-MS method might create a better understanding of how smallpox spread through the region.

The impact of colonialism on head and neck cancer in Brazil: a historical essay focussing on tobacco, alcohol and slavery.

Colonialism's enduring impact on Brazil has had significant implications for health and oncology outcomes. This historical essay delves into the profound changes brought about by the transatlantic slave trade from Africa to the Americas, particularly in terms of its influence on the economy, sociocultural habits, and health outcomes. This essay explores the enduring connections between the colonial period's operational dynamics in Brazil and the current epidemiological panorama of head and neck cancer (HNC). The examination provides original insights on the role of tobacco and alcohol production and consumption, alongside the investigation of structural racism, which contributes to disparities in access to diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for patients with HNC. This article presents novel visions and an analysis of evidence-based strategies to disrupt the adverse impact of colonialism's legacy on the epidemiology of HNC in Brazil.

Exploring professional theories, models, and frameworks for justice-oriented constructs: a scoping review / Explorando teorias, modelos e estruturas profissionais para construções orientadas para a justiça: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract Introduction The role of systemic marginalization in negatively impacting the health and wellbeing of individuals and populations is well-established. Although the profession has begun to address the impact of colonialism in clinical and educational contexts, these topics are less represented in the underpinning theories, models, and frameworks that guide research, practice, and education. Objective To identify and analyze peer-reviewed journal articles about professional theories, models, and frameworks describing justice-oriented constructs. Method We searched for journal articles published between 1971 and 2021 as indexed in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science. We used the Levac et al. methodology and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews extension (PRISMA-ScR) and the JBI Scoping Review Network. Included articles featured theories, models, frameworks that described justice-oriented constructs. Results Forty-five articles published from 1987 to 2021 met inclusion criteria. These included 19 models, 19 frameworks, five theories, and two paradigms. The majority of articles originated in Canada, the United States, and Australia and within the past 20 years. The most commonly described constructs were inclusion, culture, and occupational justice. Conclusion This scoping review provides an overview of publications describing theories, models, and frameworks in occupational therapy literature that include justice-oriented constructs. Although justice-oriented constructs were the central topic in 35 articles, the context was not explicitly connected to professional activity. Only seven articles discussed research, which reveals a major concern considering its foundational role in the profession.

Resumo Introdução O papel da marginalização sistémica no impacto negativo na saúde e no bem-estar dos indivíduos e das populações está bem estabelecido. Embora a profissão tenha começado a abordar o impacto do colonialismo em contextos clínicos e educacionais, estes tópicos estão menos representados nas teorias, modelos e enquadramentos subjacentes que orientam a investigação, a prática e a educação. Objetivo Identificar e analisar artigos de periódicos revisados ​​por pares sobre teorias, modelos e estruturas profissionais que descrevem construtos orientados para a justiça. Método Pesquisamos artigos de periódicos publicados entre 1971 e 2021 indexados em PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL e Web of Science. Usamos o Levac et al. metodologia e seguiumos a extensão Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses para extensão Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) e a JBI Scoping Review Network. Os artigos incluídos apresentavam teorias, modelos e estruturas que descreviam construções orientadas para a justiça. Resultados Quarenta e cinco artigos publicados de 1987 a 2021 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Estes incluíram 19 modelos, 19 estruturas, cinco teorias e dois paradigmas. A maioria dos artigos teve origem no Canadá, nos Estados Unidos e na Austrália nos últimos 20 anos. Os construtos mais comumente descritos foram inclusão, cultura e justiça ocupacional. Conclusão Esta revisão de escopo fornece uma visão geral das publicações que descrevem teorias, modelos e estruturas na literatura de terapia ocupacional que incluem construtos orientados para a justiça. Embora os construtos orientados para a justiça tenham sido o tema central em 35 artigos, o contexto não estava explicitamente ligado à atividade profissional. Apenas sete artigos discutiram a pesquisa, o que revela uma grande preocupação considerando o seu papel fundacional na profissão.

Solidariedade como política: Saúde Global e democracia / Solidarity as politics: Global Health and democracy

Resumo Garantir a democracia na constituição do campo da Saúde Global (SG) requer a inclusão de perspectivas e ações sanitárias do que se convencionou chamar de "local". Aproximando os referenciais do Encontro de Saberes ao de Colonialidade, abordamos a implementação de Quitandas Solidárias por iniciativa de pescadores artesanais, no sul da Bahia, no enfrentamento de questões socioeconômicas e de saúde ligadas à pandemia de COVID-19. A triangulação de métodos caracterizou os trabalhos de campo, baseados na etnografia, pesquisa-ação e parceria com agentes locais na análise do material. A busca de efeitos simultaneamente sanitários, socioeconômicos, ambientais e educativos possibilitou relativa superação dos riscos presentes nas ações de SG como os de humanitarismo, controlismo, neoliberalismo e colonialismo. A iniciativa foi gerida pela organização política dos moradores da reserva, que captaram e manejaram recursos do Estado e da sociedade civil com autonomia e solidariedade, aliando os saberes tradicionais aos conhecimentos institucionais e tecnológicos do território. As experiências ditas locais contêm uma visão completa de mundo que não devem ser submetidas a uma categoria totalizante. A Saúde Global pode se beneficiar da consideração dos diversos mundos que constituem o seu objeto.

Abstract Ensuring democracy in establishing Global Health (GH) requires including health perspectives and actions of what is conventionally called "local". Edging closer to the references of the Meeting of Knowledges to those of Coloniality, we address the implementation of Solidary Greengrocers by the initiative of small-scale fishermen in the South of Bahia, Brazil, in facing socioeconomic and health issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The triangulation of methods characterized the fieldwork based on ethnography, action research, and partnership with local stakeholders in analyzing the material. The search for simultaneous health, socioeconomic, environmental, and educational effects allowed for overcoming the risks in GH actions such as humanitarianism, controlism, neoliberalism, and colonialism. The initiative was managed by the political organization of the residents of the reserve, who raised and managed State and civil society resources with autonomy and solidarity, combining traditional knowledge with institutional and technological knowledge of the territory. So-called local experiences contain a complete vision of the world that should not be submitted to a totalizing category. Global Health can benefit from considering the several worlds underlying its object.

Zumbis e Distopia: Os Restos da Colonialidade e as Lutas de Libertação / Zombies and Dystopia: The Remains of Coloniality and Fights for Freedom / Zombis y Distopía: Los Restos de la Colonialidad y las Luchas de Liberación

Debatemos os rastros presentes na distopia de nossos laços sociais contemporâneos enquanto restos da colonialidade que sobrevivem em nossa cultura. Metodologicamente, recorremos a personagens do imaginário coletivo que interrogam o lugar do outro na cena social e na política. Compreendemos que os zumbis enquanto imagem mnêmica social trazem visibilidade às políticas de degradação do outro - sua dominação, seu extermínio, bem como da desmobilização política. A contextualização histórica e geográfica da origem e da construção desses personagens reforça a constatação da lógica colonizadora e escravagista ali presente, fundamentada nos modos de captura dos desejos, dos corpos e da vida dos sujeitos, culminando no efeito de obliteração das perspectivas de futuro. A figura do zumbi enquanto a lembrança encobridora do negro escravizado haitiano denuncia a desqualificação das lutas de libertação como nada mais que atos violentos de uma horda acéfala, bem como oferece a oportunidade de reinstituir a dignidade dos movimentos que visam à transformação social. Dentro de determinada perspectiva crítica, os zumbis passam a representar a imagem mnêmica social dos libertários que não cessam de lutar. Tornam-se a simbolização do impossível de governar; reagem ao destino certo da condição de mortos, recuperando a potência de construção de um comum na alteridade.

We discuss the traces present in the dystopia of our contemporary social ties as remnants of coloniality that survive in our culture. Methodologically, we resort to characters from the collective imaginary that question the place of the other in social and political scene. We understand that zombies as a social mnemic image bring visibility to the policies of degradation of the other­their domination, their extermination, as well as political demobilization. The historical and geographic contextualization of the origin and construction of these characters reinforces the presence of the colonizing and slavery logic there, based on the ways of capturing the subjects' desires, bodies and lives, culminating in the effect of obliterating the prospects for the future. The figure of the zombie as a screen-memory of the enslaved black-Haitian denounces the disqualification of liberation struggles as nothing more than violent acts by an acephalous horde, as well as offers the opportunity to bring back the dignity of movements that claims for social transformation. Within a certain critical perspective, the zombies come to represent the social mnemic image of libertarians who never stop fighting. They become the symbolization of the impossible to govern; they react to dead condition as a fate, recovering the power to build a common in otherness.

Discutimos los rastros presentes en la distopía de nuestros lazos sociales contemporáneos como restos de colonialidad que perviven en nuestra cultura. Metodológicamente, recurrimos a personajes del imaginario colectivo, que cuestionan el lugar del otro en la escena social y en la política. Entendemos que los zombis como imagen mnémica social visibilizan las políticas de degradación del otro - su dominación, su exterminio, así como la desmovilización política. La contextualización histórica y geográfica del origen y de construcción de estos personajes refuerza la constatación de la lógica colonizadora y esclavista allí presente, basada en los modos de captura de los deseos, cuerpos y vida de los sujetos, culminando en el efecto de obliteración de perspectivas futuras. La figura del zombi como recuerdo encubridor del negro haitiano esclavizado denuncia la descalificación de las luchas de liberación como nada más que actos violentos de una horda acéfala, además de ofrecer la oportunidad de restituir la dignidad de los movimientos que aspiran a la transformación social. Dentro de cierta perspectiva crítica, los zombis vienen a representar la imagen mnémica social de los libertarios que no cesan de luchar. Se convierten en la simbolización del imposible de gobernar; reaccionan ante el destino cierto de la condición de los muertos, recuperando la potencia de construir un común en la alteridad.

Reconciling a Broken Heritage: Developing Mental Health Social Work in Guyana.

Guyana's colonial past has left a trail of economic instability, racial polarization, and physical and mental trauma. Despite the progress made since Guyana's independence in 1966, the remnants of this colonial past continue to shape present-day Guyana. As a result, violence and trauma continue to impact the mental health of the population. This is manifest in endemic problems of domestic violence and racialized social divisions which have created the conditions for rates of suicide which are amongst the highest in the world. The formal mental health provision which exists in Guyana is based primarily on an individualized and largely biomedical model of care. Despite valuable attempts to develop this provision, the difficulty of physically accessing this for some people and the stigma which surround this means that the capacity of this system to address the serious problems which exist is limited. It is also the case that in times of emotional and psychic distress, and in the context of Guyana being a very religious country, many people turn to traditional supernatural healers and remedies for support. In this paper, we discuss what is known as "Obeah", noting that while this is widely practiced, it remains something of a taboo subject in Guyana. We consider the reasons why these practices and beliefs continue to be influential. However, what neither these biomedical or supernatural perceptions of mental health are able to address is the sociogenic nature of Guyana's mental health issues, which we argue emerges out of the historic trauma of Guyana's experience of colonialism and the violence which it engendered. We argue that profound forms of mental distress which exist in Guyana call for an integrative and holistic practice model that contextualizes these problems through a sociogenic lens. Social workers, working collaboratively with other health-related professions, can occupy a critical role in integrating these different conceptions through developing a rights-based model of mental health where the causes of mental ill-health are understood as socially determined.

Neo-Traditional and Industrialized Dietary Patterns Coexist and Are Differentially Associated with Cardiometabolic Health among Adults in Puerto Rico.

BACKGROUND: An increasingly industrialized food system has marginalized local, traditional food cultures in Puerto Rico (PR). Recent efforts to decolonize diets have promoted local food intake; however, how resulting dietary patterns may influence cardiometabolic disease remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to 1) identify dietary patterns in PR and 2) determine their associations with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. METHODS: Data were obtained from participants (30-75 y) in PROSPECT (PR Observational Study of Psychosocial, Environmental, and Chronic Disease Trends; n = 989). Dietary patterns were derived using partial least squares analysis with food frequency questionnaire data, using nutrients associated with local food purchasing (dietary fiber, magnesium, saturated fat) as response variables. MetS was classified using harmonized criteria from clinical and laboratory measures and medication use. Fully adjusted generalized linear models tested associations between tertiles of dietary patterns and MetS. RESULTS: Approximately half (52%) of the participants were classified with MetS. Four dietary patterns were revealed: conventional (legumes, coffee, and dairy), industrialized starch and meat-centric (red/processed meats, pasta, and starchy roots), industrialized sugar-centric (rice, sugary beverages, and refined grains), and neo-traditional (local plants and seafood). Individuals in the highest (compared with lowest) tertile of the industrialized starch and meat-centric dietary pattern had higher mean waist circumference (102 compared with 99 cm) (P = 0.01), fasting glucose (106 compared with 98 mg/dL) (P = 0.019), and systolic blood pressure (123 compared with 119 mmHg) (P = 0.022). Individuals in the highest (compared with lowest) tertile of the neo-traditional diet were 0.69 (0.49, 0.97) times less likely to have MetS (P = 0.035) and had 4.1 cm lower mean waist circumference (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Promoting a neo-traditional diet and curbing industrialized starch and meat-centric diets may improve cardiometabolic health in PR. Results can guide local food promotion as a healthful, decolonizing approach in island settings.

Situating commercial determinants of health in their historical context: a qualitative study of sugar-sweetened beverages in Jamaica.

BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality across the Caribbean and similar regions. Structural determinants include a marked increase in the dependency on food imports, and the proliferation of processed foods, including sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). We focused on Jamaica as a case study and the health challenge of SSBs, and situated contemporary actions, experiences and policies within their historical context to investigate underlying drivers of commercial determinants of health and attempts to counter them. We asked: how can a historical perspective of the drivers of high level SSB consumption in Jamaica contribute to an enhanced understanding of the context of public health policies aimed at reducing their intake? METHODS: An ethnographic approach with remote data collection included online semi-structured interviews and workshops with 22 local experts and practitioners of health, agriculture and nutrition in Jamaica and attending relevant regional public webinars on SSBs and NCD action in the Caribbean. Our analysis was situated within a review of historical studies of Caribbean food economies with focus on the twentieth century. Jamaican and UK-based researchers collected and ethnographically analysed the data, and discussed findings with the wider transdisciplinary team. RESULTS: We emphasise three key areas in which historical events have shaped contextual factors of SSB consumption. Trade privileged sugar as a cash crop over food production during Jamaica's long colonial history, and trade deregulation since the 1980s through structural adjustment opened markets to transnational companies. These changes increased Jamaican receptiveness to the mass advertisement and marketing of these companies, whilst long-standing power imbalances hampered taxation and regulation in contemporary public health actions. Civil society efforts were important for promoting structural changes to curb overconsumption of SSBs and decentring such entrenched power relations. CONCLUSION: The contemporary challenge of SSBs in Jamaica is a poignant case study of commercial determinants of health and the important context of global market-driven economies and the involvement of private sector interests in public health policies and governance. Historically contextualising these determinants is paramount to making sense of the sugar ecology in Jamaica today and can help elucidate entrenched power dynamics and their key actors.

Validation of an Abbreviated Scale of the CENVI Questionnaire to Evaluate the Perception of School Violence and Coexistence Management of Chilean Students: Differences between Pandemic and Post-Pandemic.

The objective of the study was to specify an abbreviated model of the school coexistence questionnaire for non-violence (CENVI) for students from 5th to 8th grade (9 to 14 years old), in order to determine the perception of violence and management of school coexistence, and the differences between Mapuche and non-Mapuche students. A total of 1870 students from schools in the city of Temuco (Chile) responded to the CENVI questionnaire. There were two samples: (1) Pandemic, with online, face-to-face and hybrid classes; and (2) Post-pandemic, with face-to-face classes. Sample 1 consisted of 848 students aged 9 to 15 years (M = 11.90; SD = 1.27). Sample 2 consisted of 1022 students aged 9 to 14 years (M = 11.46; SD = 1.14). The questionnaire was validated using expert inter-judgment and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A good fit of the proposed model to the data and good internal consistency measured according to the composite reliability were found, and convergent validity was demonstrated. Mapuche students perceived more physical violence and social exclusion. Cut-off points were proposed for the interpretation of the results. In the data, the effect of Coexistence Management on School Violence was null. The discussion approaches the findings from the literature on education in spaces of socio-cultural diversity in a Mapuche context.

Conceptualizing Puerto Rican migration to the United States.

Migration to the United States is an intricate part of Puerto Rican life ever since Puerto Rico became a colony of the United States in 1898. Our review of literature on Puerto Rican migration to the United States reveals that this migration is primarily associated with cycles of economic turmoil that result from over a century of U.S. colonialism in Puerto Rico. We also discuss how the pre- and post-migration context Puerto Ricans face influence their mental health. Emerging theory suggests that Puerto Rican migration to the United States should be conceptualized as colonial migration. Within this framework, researchers argue that U.S. colonialism in Puerto Rico not only creates the conditions that help explain why Puerto Ricans migrate to the United States but also the circumstances they encounter upon migration.

Height and standard of living in Puerto Rico from the Spanish enlightenment to annexation by the United States, 1770-1924.

This preliminary work presents a first series of heights of male adults in Puerto Rico. The sample, made up of 6000 prisoner records. the estimates were systematically assessed for selectivity, and we find that selectivity is quite negligible for the main results. The text studies the extreme dependence of the standard of living on the evolution of the price of sugar, a dependence which caused the progressive deterioration of material well-being in the country. Only between 1860 and 1880 did Puerto Ricans enjoy some improvement and a higher level of height. We measures the negative short-term effects of the 1898 annexation Puerto Rico by the United States.

The psychology of colonial ideologies: Decoupling pro-egalitarian and neo-colonial sources of support for Puerto Rico statehood.

Among Puerto Ricans, support for U.S. statehood (i.e. the complete annexation of Puerto Rico as the 51st state of the United States) has been linked to an internalized sense of inferiority, colonial system justification and political conservatism. However, no research has explored this question from the perspective of U.S. Americans. We analyse the role that the dual colonial ideologies of historical negation (of colonial injustices) and symbolic exclusion (of the colonial subjects) have in explaining support for Puerto Rico's statehood and other political status options for Puerto Rico among U.S. Americans, applying a decolonial adaptation of the Dark Duo Model of Post-Colonial Ideology (DDM). Confirmatory factor analyses validate the factor structure of our adaptation of the DDM scale in an MTurk sample (N = 435) and two student samples (N = 578; N = 381). Latent profile analyses uncover two distinct ideological groups that tend to support Puerto Rican statehood: a 'pro-egalitarian' group committed to both cultural inclusion and material aid for Puerto Rico and a 'neo-colonial' group equally open to cultural inclusion but opposed to material aid. We discuss how symbolic cultural politics, not an egalitarian commitment to material aid aimed at redressing colonial injustices, underlie support for the annexation of Puerto Rico among a significant group of U.S. Americans.

Colonialidade e saúde: olhares cruzados entre os diferentes campos / Coloniality and health: cross-looks between different fields

Resumo Elevada a um patamar de legitimidade juntamente com a ordem social global do capitalismo, a ciência moderna descreve e prescreve padrões sobre a ética do cuidado, a estética dos corpos e os desenhos das políticas de saúde. Este estudo objetiva analisar o campo da saúde à luz das teorias pós-coloniais e de políticas públicas, apresentando o desafio da interdisciplinaridade como contraponto ao establishment. Trata-se de uma revisão compreensiva de literatura sobre as políticas públicas e as teorias pós-coloniais, explorando produções da área com o intuito de desvelar dinâmicas e tendências atuais. Para as análises, adotou-se um referencial teórico decolonial visando explorar perspectivas da ética, estética e política no campo da saúde. A dimensão cuidadora do trabalho em saúde tem sido minimizada em detrimento de um profissionalismo permeado de distanciamento emocional e neutralidade, que está cada vez mais centrado em avanços tecnológicos. Na busca por "cuidado à saúde", os indivíduos carregam demandas social e cientificamente construídas, tendo seus saberes, muitas vezes, deslegitimados. Perante a agenda neoliberal em curso torna-se imperativo discernir os desafios que cercam o sistema saúde brasileiro e fortalecer os saberes culturais locais.

Abstract Raised to a level of legitimacy in synch with the global social order of capitalism, modern science describes and prescribes standards for the ethics of care, aesthetic consideration of bodies, and for the layouts of health policies. This study aims to analyze the health field in the light of postcolonial and public policy theories, presenting the challenge of interdisciplinarity as a counterpoint to the establishment. This is a comprehensive review of literature on public policies and postcolonial theories, exploring the main productions of the area in order to unveil current dynamics and trends. A decolonial theoretical framework was adopted to explore perspectives of ethics, aesthetics and politics in the health field. The caring practices dimension of health work has been minimized in detriment of a professionalism impregnated by emotional distancing and neutrality, which is increasingly focus on technological innovations. In search for "health care", the individuals carry socially and scientifically constructed demands, but their knowledge is often delegitimized. Given the current neoliberal agenda, it is imperative to discern the challenges surrounding the Brazilian health system and to strengthen local cultural knowledge.

International community of practice: learning from experiences of community development and social occupational therapy / Comunidade internacional de práticas: aprendendo com experiências de desenvolvimento comunitário e de terapia ocupacional social

Abstract Introduction Increasingly, occupational therapists and scientists across the globe are calling for a shift away from individualised western medical approaches, to working with communities and collectives, and in the social field. This signals the growing motivation to engage in socially responsive and transformative practices that address political structures and oppressive colonial systems. Objective The purpose of our Community of Practice (CoP) was to explore and describe the epistemologies, vocabularies, and understandings that underpin community development and social occupational therapy within diverse global contexts to advance theoretical perspectives and practices. Method As a CoP of occupational therapy and science scholars situated in four countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, and South Africa), we met virtually bi-monthly from March 2020 to January 2023. Scholarly work involved critical narrative literature reviews, reflexive presentations, group dialogues, and individual and collective reflections and analyses. Results Individual narratives, four thematic threads, and a selection of vocabularies and epistemologies are presented. The thematic threads were: Connecting and making space for decolonial praxis, Questioning the disconnect between occupational therapy practice and contexts, Examining vocabularies that shape contextually relevant practice, and Engaging a reflexive stance to work towards equity, justice and social rights. Conclusions Generating knowledge that supports ways of knowing, being and doing reflective of multiple languages, sciences, and contexts will strengthen occupational therapy. Maintaining the pluriversal and resisting 'one size fits all' approaches to human occupation/everyday life is essential. This paper offers practitioners a catalyst for initiating decolonising praxis for learning across global contexts.

Resumo Introdução De modo crescente, terapeutas ocupacionais mundialmente estão discutindo mudanças das abordagens médicas ocidentais individualizadas para o trabalho com comunidades, coletivos e no campo social. Isto sinaliza uma motivação crescente para se engajar em práticas socialmente responsivas e transformadoras que abordem estruturas políticas e sistemas coloniais opressores. Objetivo Explorar e descrever epistemologias, vocabulários e entendimentos que sustentam a teoria de desenvolvimento de comunidades e da terapia ocupacional social, em diversos contextos globais para avançar em perspectivas teóricas e práticas. Método A partir de uma Comunidade de Prática de terapeutas ocupacionais e acadêmicos situados em quatro países (Austrália, Brasil, Canadá e África do Sul), nos reunimos virtualmente bimestralmente de março de 2020 até janeiro de 2023. Nosso trabalho envolveu revisões narrativas críticas da literatura, apresentações reflexivas, diálogos em grupo e reflexões e análises individuais e coletivas. Resultados Foram escolhidos quatro fios temáticos e uma seleção de vocabulários e epistemologias: Conectando e abrindo espaço para a práxis decolonial, Questionando a desconexão entre a prática da terapia ocupacional e os contextos, Examinando vocabulários que moldam a prática contextualmente relevante e Engajando uma postura reflexiva para trabalhar em direção à equidade, justiça e direitos sociais. Conclusões A geração de conhecimento reflexivo que sustente formas de saber, ser e fazer requer múltiplas linguagens, ciências e contextos que fortalecem a terapia ocupacional. É essencial manter a pluriversalidade e resistir a abordagens únicas para trabalhar com a ocupação humana/vida cotidiana. Este artigo oferece um catalisador para iniciar uma práxis descolonizadora de aprendizado em contextos globais.

Por uma criminologia antirracista: chacinas policiais como persistência e reinvenções do controle racial brasileiro / Hacia una criminología antirracista: masacres policiales como persistencia y reinvenciones del control racial brasileño / Towards an anti-racist criminology: police massacres as persistence and reinventions of brazilian racial control

Resumo O estudo tem como objetivo explorar as persistências e reinvenções de um saber-poder que, através do racismo criminológico, vem operando pela estatização da morte da juventude negra e favelada. Neste sentido, o artigo analisa como o "medo branco" tem sido um histórico operador político que busca legitimar o controle racial no Brasil desde a abolição formal da escravatura, através de políticas criminais e urbanas. Com o objetivo de destacar a persistência do racismo criminológico, busca-se intercalar discussões sobre a necropolítica nas atuais racionalidades da segurança pública e o colonialismo presente nas chacinas policiais em territórios favelados e periféricos. Discute-se, assim, a necessidade de uma criminologia antirracista com a convocação da Psicologia Social a assumir seu irrecusável compromisso ético-político do antirracismo.

Resumen El estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la persistencia y las reinvenciones de un poder-conocimiento que, a través del racismo criminológico, ha operado mediante la nacionalización de la muerte de la juventud negra y chabolista. En este sentido, el artículo analiza cómo el "miedo blanco" ha sido un operador político histórico que busca legitimar el control racial en Brasil desde la abolición formal de la esclavitud, a través de políticas criminales y urbanas. Con el propósito de resaltar la persistencia del racismo criminológico, se busca intercalar discusiones sobre la necropolítica en las racionalidades actuales de la seguridad pública y el colonialismo presente en las masacres policiales en territorios chabolistas y periféricos. Así, se discute la necesidad de una criminología antirracista con el llamado a que la Psicología Social asuma su irrefutable compromiso ético-político con el antirracismo.

Abstract The study aims to explore the persistence and reinventions of a knowledge-power that, through criminological racism, has been operating towards the nationalization of the death of black and slum youth. In this sense, the article analyzes how "white fear" has been a historical political operator that seeks to legitimize racial control in Brazil since the formal abolition of slavery, through criminal and urban policies. With the purpose of highlighting the persistence of criminological racism, we seek to insert discussions about necropolitics in current rationalities of public security and the colonialism present in police massacres in slum and peripheral territories. Therefore, the need for an anti-racist criminology is discussed with the call for Social Psychology to assume its irrefutable ethical-political commitment to anti-racism.

Pesquisa em atividade física e saúde: a urgência de uma epistemologia decolonial / Research in physical activity and health: the urgency of a decolonial epistemology / Investigación en actividad física y salud: la urgencia de una epistemología decolonial

RESUMO O objetivo do presente ensaio é refletir acerca da ideia de uma condição colonizada das investigações em atividade física e saúde, bem como, sobre a urgência de uma agenda decolonial para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas nesta área. Assumimos que o método epidemiológico hegemônico tem sido reproduzido acriticamente e de forma submissa. Propomos, assim, romper com a colonização deste saber epidemiológico do Norte global para resolvermos nossos próprios problemas de pesquisa. Para tanto, entendemos ser urgente refletirmos sobre uma epistemologia decolonial que não esteja atrelada à perspectiva dos fatores de risco, escute com as demandas das populações, bem como, contribua para superar as iniquidades nas quais as populações estão expostas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this essay is to reflect on the idea of a colonized condition of investigations in physical activity and health, as well as on the urgency of a decolonial agenda for the development of research in this area. We assume that the hegemonic epidemiological method has been reproduced uncritically and submissively. We propose, therefore, to break with the colonization of this epidemiological knowledge of the global North in order to solve our own research problems. Therefore, we understand that it is urgent to reflect on a decolonial epistemology that is not linked to the perspective of risk factors, listens to the demands of the populations, as well as contributes to overcoming the iniquities to which populations are exposed.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este ensayo es reflexionar sobre la idea de una condición colonizada de las investigaciones en actividad física y salud, así como sobre la urgencia de una agenda decolonial para el desarrollo de investigaciones en esta área. Suponemos que el método epidemiológico hegemónico ha sido reproducido acrítica y sumisamente. Proponemos, por tanto, romper con la colonización de este saber epidemiológico del Norte global para resolver nuestros propios problemas de investigación. Por tanto, entendemos que es urgente reflexionar sobre una epistemología decolonial que no se vincule a la perspectiva de los factores de riesgo, escuche las demandas de las poblaciones, así como contribuya a la superación de las iniquidades a las que están expuestas las poblaciones.

A decolonialidade na pesquisa e prática psicodramáticas: pela superação de epistemicídios históricos / Decoloniality in psychodramatic research and practice: overcoming historical epistemicides / La decolonialidad en la investigación y la práctica psicodramática: superando los epistemicidios históricos

RESUMO O presente artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o ancoramento científico da pesquisa e das práticas psicodramáticas, questionando a perspectiva colonial/moderna predominante no universo da ciência ocidental, e sugerindo uma aproximação com o pensamento decolonial que se desenvolve no século XXI, em que são retomadas epistemologias historicamente desconsideradas, como aquela em que se situam os princípios filosóficos morenianos. As questões discutidas acerca da pesquisa em Psicodrama podem ser transportadas para o campo das práticas, gerando questionamentos quanto ao lugar do psicodramatista na relação com o outro, a forma de elaboração dos problemas/hipóteses terapêuticas e o que se espera das intervenções, situando-as para além dos binarismos tradicionais modernos.

ABSTRACT This article reflects on the scientific anchoring of psychodramatic research and practice, questioning the colonial/modern perspective prevailing in the universe of Western science, and suggesting an approach to the decolonial thinking developed in the 21st century, in which historically disregarded epistemologies are resumed, such as the one in which the philosophical principles of Moreno's work are located. The questions discussed about research in Psychodrama can be transported to the field of practices, generating questions related to the place of the psychodramatist in the relationship with the other, the way of elaborating the therapeutic problems/hypotheses and what is expected of the interventions, placing them beyond traditional modern binarisms.

RESUMEN Este artículo reflexiona sobre el anclaje científico de la investigación y la práctica psicodramática, cuestionando la perspectiva colonial/moderna predominante en el universo de la ciencia occidental, y proponiendo una aproximación al pensamiento decolonial que se desarrolla en el siglo XXI, en el que se retoman epistemologías históricamente desconsideradas, como aquél en el que se ubican los principios filosóficos de la obra Moreniana. Las cuestiones discutidas sobre la investigación en Psicodrama pueden ser transportadas al campo de las prácticas, generando interrogantes sobre el lugar del psicodramatista en la relación con el otro, la forma de elaborar los problemas/hipótesis terapéuticas y lo que se espera de las intervenciones, ubicándolas más allá de los binarismos modernos tradicionales.