RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI) have been associated with different phenotypes including: harlequin ichthyosis (HI), congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE), and lamellar ichthyosis (LI). While pathogenic variants in all ARCI genes are associated with LI and CIE phenotypes, the unique gene associated with HI is ABCA12. In HI, the most severe ARCI form, pathogenic variants in both ABCA12 gene alleles usually have a severe impact on protein function. The presence of at least one non-truncating variant frequently causes a less severe congenital ichthyosis phenotype (LI and CIE). METHODS: We report the case of a 4-year-old Ecuadorian boy with a severe skin disease. Genetic diagnosis was performed by NGS. In silico predictions were performed using Alamut software v2.11. A review of the literature was carried out to identify all patients carrying ABCA12 splice-site and missense variants, and to explore their genotype-phenotype correlations. RESULTS: Genetic testing revealed a nonsense substitution, p.(Arg2204*), and a new missense variant, p.(Val1927Leu), in the ABCA12 gene. After performing in silico analysis and a comprehensive review of the literature, we conclude that p.(Val1927Leu) affects a well conserved residue which could either disturb the protein function or alter the splicing process, both alternatives could explain the severe phenotype of our patient. CONCLUSION: This case expands the spectrum of ABCA12 reported disease-causing variants which is important to unravel genotype-phenotype correlations and highlights the importance of missense variants in the development of HI.
Asunto(s)
Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Ictiosis Lamelar/genética , Mutación con Pérdida de Función , Fenotipo , Preescolar , Codón sin Sentido , Humanos , Ictiosis Lamelar/patología , Masculino , Mutación Missense , Sitios de Empalme de ARNRESUMEN
Fundamento: La eritrodermia ictiosiforme congénita no ampollosa es una genodermatosis que está presente desde el nacimiento y el pénfigo vegetante es una enfermedad ampollar que aparece en edades tempranas de la vida, las manifestaciones clínicas de estas entidades son diferentes, ambas son infrecuentes cuando se presentan aisladamente, mucho más cuando aparecen en un mismo paciente. Objetivo: Describir el caso de un paciente con eritrodermia ictiosiforme congénita no ampollosa y pénfigo vegetante por ser una situación clínica rara por su incidencia. Presentación de caso: Paciente de 28 años, con antecedentes de padecer de eritrodermia ictiosiforme congénita no ampollosa, que comenzó a desarrollar ampollas y al romperse dejaban erosiones que más tarde dieron lugar a vegetaciones hipertróficas y papilomatosas. Para arribar al diagnóstico se tuvo en cuenta el criterio clínico y la histopatología. Conclusiones: La eritrodermia ictiosiforme congénita no ampollosa y el pénfigo vegetante son entidades infrecuentes en la práctica médica, mucho más cuando se presenten ambas en un mismo paciente.
Background: The non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma is a genodermatosis that is present from the birth and the vegetating pemphigus is a bullous disease that occurs at early ages of life, the clinical manifestations of these entities are different, both are uncommon when they are presented in isolation, much more when they appear in a patient Objective: To describe the case of a patient with a non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and vegetating pemphigus a strange clinical situation for their incidence. Case presentation: Patient of 28 years, with antecedents of suffering of non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma that began to develop blisters and when breaking they left erosions that later gave place to hypertrophic and papillomatous vegetation. To arrive to the diagnosis was kept in mind the clinical approach and the histopathology. Conclusions: The non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and the vegetating pemphigus are uncommon entities in the medical practice, much more when both are presented in a patient.
Asunto(s)
Ictiosis Lamelar/diagnóstico , Penfigoide Ampolloso/diagnósticoRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: La ictiosis tipo laminar es una enfermedad dermatológica infrecuente perteneciente al grupo de las llamadas genodermatosis. Es una forma de ictiosis congénita que es evidente desde el nacimiento. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Recién nacido por cesárea, sexo masculino, de 36 semanas de gestación, adecuado para la edad gestacional y con APGAR 8. Antecedentes familiares: padres no consanguíneos y hermano con ictiosis tipo laminar. Luego de nacer es hospitalizado en la Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital de San Fernando, por presentar piel de aspecto rojo brillante, engrosada en cara y parte anterior de tronco con algunas fisuras en zona torácica, sin presencia de láminas de queratina, por lo que estableció el diagnóstico clínico de ictiosis tipo laminar. Se manejó con precauciones de contacto, analgesia, lubricación de la piel y suplementación con ácido retinoico. Evolucionó con descamación y aumento delas fisuras, las que posteriormente empezaron a disminuir quedando una membrana residual y con una adecuada hidratación de piel. Durante su estadía presentó alzas febriles intermitentes por lo que se realizó un hemocultivo que fue positivo a Staphylococcus aureus y cultivos de axilas, ombligo y zona inguinal que resultaron positivos para Enterococcus y Staphylococcus aureus, iniciando tratamiento con Vancomicina. Luego de 7 días de tratamiento, evolucionó favorablemente con disminución de sus lesiones dermatológicas por lo que se dio alta médica. DISCUSIÓN: El diagnóstico oportuno en base al cuadro clínico y manejo adecuado de este paciente ha permitido una adecuada evolución en ausencia de complicaciones.
INTRODUCTION: Lamellar Ichthyosis is a rare skin diseases belonging to the Group of the so-called genodermatoses. It is a form of congenital ichthyosis evident at birth. CASE REPORT: Male neonate, born at 36 weeks of gestation via cesarian section, appropriate for gestational age and Apgar Score 8. Nonconsanguineous parents. Affected brother with Ichthyosis lamellar. Is hospitalized in the Neonatal Intermediary Care Unit of the Hospital of San Fernando due to presence of Glossy red skin, thicker in face and fissures in the chest without collodion membrane. The patient was diagnosed with Lamellar Ichthyosis. Treatment was initiated with insolations precautions, pain relievers and lubrication of the skin, as well as retinoic acid supplementation. Progressed with cracked skin and scaling that subsequently improves leaving a residual membrane and an adequate skin hydration. During his stay, he also presented intermittent fever. Blood culture was positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Skin cultures of Armpits, navel and groin were positive for Enterococcusand Staphylococcus aureus, so treatment with vancomycin was started. After 7 days of antibiotic treatment and a favourable evolution with evident improvement of his skin lesions, the patient was discharged from hospital for outpatient management. DISCUSSION: Early diagnosis based on clinical presentation and an appropriate management of this patient, allowed an adequate evolution in the absence of complications.