Functional plasticity of HCO3- uptake and CO2 fixation in Cupriavidus necator H16.

Despite its prominence, the ability to engineer Cupriavidus necator H16 for inorganic carbon uptake and fixation is underexplored. We tested the roles of endogenous and heterologous genes on C. necator inorganic carbon metabolism. Deletion of ß-carbonic anhydrase can had the most deleterious effect on C. necator autotrophic growth. Replacement of this native uptake system with several classes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) transporters from Cyanobacteria and chemolithoautotrophic bacteria recovered autotrophic growth and supported higher cell densities compared to wild-type (WT) C. necator in batch culture. Strains expressing Halothiobacillus neopolitanus DAB2 (hnDAB2) and diverse rubisco homologs grew in CO2 similarly to the wild-type strain. Our experiments suggest that the primary role of carbonic anhydrase during autotrophic growth is to support anaplerotic metabolism, and an array of DIC transporters can complement this function. This work demonstrates flexibility in HCO3- uptake and CO2 fixation in C. necator, providing new pathways for CO2-based biomanufacturing.

Immunoexpression Patterns of Megalin, Cubilin, Caveolin-1, Gipc1 and Dab2IP in the Embryonic and Postnatal Development of the Kidneys in Yotari (Dab1-/-) Mice.

Our study examines the immunoexpression patterns of Megalin, Cubilin, Caveolin-1, Gipc1 and Dab2IP in the embryonic development (E) and postnatal (P) mouse kidney, with a focus on differentiating patterns between wild-type (wt) and yotari, Dab1-/- (yot) mice. Immunofluorescence revealed raised immunoexpression of receptors Megalin and Cubilin at the ampulla/collecting ducts and convoluted tubules across all developmental stages, with the most prominent immunoexpression observed in the convoluted tubules and the parietal epithelium of the Bowman's capsule. Quantitative analysis showed a higher percentage of Megalin and Cubilin in wt compared to yot mice at E13.5. Co-expression of Megalin and Cubilin was observed at the apical membrane of convoluted tubules and the parietal layer of the Bowman's capsule. The staining intensity of Megalin varied across developmental stages, with the strongest reactivity observed at the ampulla and collecting ducts at embryonic day (E) 13.5 in wt mice. In contrast, Caveolin-1 exhibited high immunoexpression in the metanephric mesenchyme, blood vessels, and the border area between the metanephric mesenchyme and renal vesicle, with a decrease in immunoexpression as development progressed. Gipc1 showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining in metanephric mesenchyme, convoluted tubules and collecting ducts, with significant differences in immunoexpression between wild-type and yot mice at both investigated embryonic time points. Dab2IP immunofluorescent staining was most prominent in renal vesicle/glomeruli and ampulla/collecting ducts at E13.5, with mild staining intensity observed in the distal convoluted tubules postnatally. Our findings elucidate distinct immunoexpression of patterns and potential parts of these proteins in the development and function of the kidney, highlighting the importance of further investigation into their regulatory mechanisms.

CircFAM114A2 Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Colorectal Cancer Through Sponging miR-647 to Upregulate DAB2IP Expression.

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence had proved that some circular RNA (circRNA) exerted critical roles in tumors progression by functioning as "microRNAs (miRNAs) sponges" to regulate their targeted genes. METHODS: circFAM114A2 and miR-647 expression was measured in CRC tissues and cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the prognostic value of circFAM114A2 evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Subsequently, wounding healing and transwell assays were performed to assess cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the interactions between circFAM114A2, miR-647, and DAB2IP. RESULTS: CircFAM114A2 was notably downregulated in CRC tissues and cells, and low circFAM114A2 expression indicated the poor prognosis of CRC patients. Next, overexpression of circFAM114A2 suppressed CRC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and impede CRC tumor growth in vivo. Mechanically, circFAM114A2 competitively bound to miR-647 and upregulated its target gene DAB2IP expression in CRC cells. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that circFAM114A2/miR-647/DAP2IP axis played an important role in CRC progression, suggesting that circFAM114A2 might be a novel therapeutic target in patients with CRC.

DAB2IP associates with hereditary angioedema: Insights into the role of VEGF signaling in HAE pathophysiology.

BACKGROUND: In the recent years, there was an important improvement in the understanding of the pathogenesis of hereditary angioedema (HAE). Notwithstanding, in a large portion of patients with unknown mutation (HAE-UNK) the genetic cause remains to be identified. OBJECTIVES: To identify new genetic targets associated with HAE, a large Argentine family with HAE-UNK spanning 3 generations was studied. METHODS: Whole exome sequencing was performed on affected family members to identify potential genetic variants associated with HAE-UNK. In silico analyses and experimental studies were applied to assess the role of the identified gene variant. RESULTS: A missense variant (p.D239N) in DAB2IP was identified. The variant occurred in the C2-domain, the region interacting with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). It was found to be rare, and predicted to have a detrimental effect on the functionality of DAB2IP. Protein structure modeling predicted changes in the mutant p.D239N protein structure, impacting protein stability. The p.D239N variant affected the subcellular localization of VEGFR2. Cells transfected with the DAB2IP-239N transcript exhibited an intracellular distribution, and VEGFR2 remained associated with the cell membrane. The altered localization pattern indicated reduced colocalization of the mutant protein with VEGFR2, suggesting a diminished ability of VEGFR2 binding. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified a novel missense variant (p.D239N) in DAB2IP in a family with HAE-UNK and highlighted the role of dysregulated VEGF-mediated signaling in altered endothelial permeability. DAB2IP loss-of-function pathogenic variants lead to the impairment of the endothelial VEGF/VEGFR2 ligand system and represent a new pathophysiologic cause of HAE-UNK.

The scaffold protein disabled 2 (DAB2) and its role in tumor development and progression.

BACKGROUND: Disabled 2 (DAB2) is a multifunctional protein that has emerged as a critical component in the regulation of tumor growth. Its dysregulation is implicated in various types of cancer, underscoring its importance in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor development and progression. This review aims to unravel the intricate molecular mechanisms by which DAB2 exerts its tumor-suppressive functions within cancer signaling pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature focusing on the structure, expression, physiological functions, and tumor-suppressive roles of DAB2. We provide an overview of the structure, expression, and physiological functions of DAB2. Evidence supporting DAB2's role as a tumor suppressor is explored, highlighting its ability to inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and modulate key signaling pathways involved in tumor suppression. The interaction between DAB2 and key oncogenes is examined, elucidating the interplay between DAB2 and oncogenic signaling pathways. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying DAB2-mediated tumor suppression, including its involvement in DNA damage response and repair, regulation of cell cycle progression and senescence, and modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The review explores the regulatory networks involving DAB2, covering post-translational modifications, interactions with other tumor suppressors, and integration within complex signaling networks. We also highlight the prognostic significance of DAB2 and its role in pre-clinical studies of tumor suppression. CONCLUSION: This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which DAB2 exerts its tumor-suppressive functions. It emphasizes the significance of DAB2 in cancer signaling pathways and its potential as a target for future therapeutic interventions.

Dihydroartemisinin suppresses the tumorigenesis of esophageal carcinoma by elevating DAB2IP expression in a NFIC-dependent manner.

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been identified to have the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Disabled homolog 2 interacting protein (DAB2IP) is a well-recognized tumor suppressor. Both DHA and DAB2IP were proven to have suppressing effects on esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) tumorigenesis. However, whether DHA regulated ESCA cells via DAB2IP and its mechanism are still vague. Functional analyses were conducted using MTT, tube formation, sphere formation, and transwell assays in vitro as well as Tumor formation experiments in mice. Levels of genes and proteins were assayed by qRT-PCR and western blotting analyses. The interaction between DAB2IP and Nuclear Factor I C (NFIC) was confirmed using bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay. DHA treatment suppressed ESCA cell angiogenesis, stemmess, migration, and invasion. DAB2IP level was decreased in ESCA tissues and cells, and DHA elevated DAB2IP expression in ESCA cells. Functionally, DAB2IP overexpression impaired ESCA cell angiogenesis, stemmess, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, NFIC had binding sites on the promoter region and directly targeted DAB2IP. DHA could up-regulate DAB2IP expression via NFIC. Moreover, NFIC was also decreased in ESCA tissues and cells, and its overexpression had anticancer activity in ESCA cells. In addition, DAB2IP knockdown reversed the anticancer effects of NFIC or DHA on ESCA cells. In further in vivo analysis, DHA also suppressed ESCA growth by regulating DAB2IP expression. DHA suppressed the tumorigenesis of ESCA by elevating DAB2IP expression in an NFIC-dependent manner, suggesting the potential clinical application of DHA in ESCA treatment.

AIDA-1/ANKS1B Binds to the SynGAP Family RasGAPs with High Affinity and Specificity.

AIDA-1, encoded by ANKS1B, is an abundant postsynaptic scaffold protein essential for brain development. Mutations of ANKS1B are closely associated with various psychiatric disorders. However, very little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying AIDA-1's involvements under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we discovered an interaction between AIDA-1 and the SynGAP family Ras-GTPase activating protein (GAP) via affinity purification using AIDA-1d as the bait. Biochemical studies showed that the PTB domain of AIDA-1 binds to an extended NPx[F/Y]-motif of the SynGAP family proteins with high affinities. The high-resolution crystal structure of AIDA-1 PTB domain in complex with the SynGAP NPxF-motif revealed the molecular mechanism governing the specific interaction between AIDA-1 and SynGAP. Our study not only explains why patients with ANKS1B or SYNGAP1 mutations share overlapping clinical phenotypes, but also allows identification of new AIDA-1 binding targets such as Ras and Rab interactors.

Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates colonic injury in mice with DSS-induced acute colitis by blocking macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype switching via the HDAC5/DAB2 axis.

Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), a probiotic, has been linked to macrophage phenotypic polarization in different diseases. However, the role and mechanisms of A. muciniphila in regulating macrophage during ulcerative colitis (UC) are not clear. This research aimed to examine the impact of A. muciniphila on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis and elucidate the underlying mechanism related to macrophage phenotypic polarization. A. muciniphila inhibited weight loss, increased disease activity index, and ameliorated inflammatory injury in colonic tissues in mice induced with DSS. Furthermore, A. muciniphila reduced macrophage M1 polarization and ameliorated epithelial barrier damage in colonic tissues of DSS-induced mice through inhibition of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5). In contrast, the effect of A. muciniphila was compromised by HDAC5 overexpression. HDAC5 deacetylated H3K9ac modification of the disabled homolog 2 (DAB2) promoter, which led to repressed DAB2 expression. DAB2 overexpression blocked HDAC5-induced pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages, whereas knockdown of DAB2 resulted in the loss of effects of A. muciniphila against colonic injury in DSS-induced mice. Taken together, A. muciniphila-induced loss of HDAC5 hampered the deacetylation of DAB2 and enhanced the expression of DAB2. Our findings propose that A. muciniphila may be a possible probiotic agent for alleviating DSS-induced acute colitis.

Disable 2, A Versatile Tissue Matrix Multifunctional Scaffold Protein with Multifaceted Signaling: Unveiling Role in Breast Cancer for Therapeutic Revolution.

The Disabled-2 (DAB2) protein, found in 80-90% of various tumors, including breast cancer, has been identified as a potential tumor suppressor protein. On the contrary, some hypothesis suggests that DAB2 is associated with the modulation of the Ras/MAPK pathway by endocytosing the Grb/Sos1 signaling complex, which produces oncogenes and chemoresistance to anticancer drugs, leading to increased tumor growth and metastasis. DAB2 has multiple functions in several disorders and is typically under-regulated in several cancers, making it a potential target for treatment of cancer therapy. The primary function of DAB2 is the modulation of transforming growth factor- ß (TGF-ß) mediated endocytosis, which is involved in several mechanisms of cancer development, including tumor suppression through promoting apoptosis and suppressing cell proliferation. In this review, we will discuss in detail the mechanisms through which DAB2 leads to breast cancer and various advancements in employing DAB2 in the treatment of breast cancer. Additionally, we outlined its role in other diseases. We propose that upregulating DAB2 could be a novel approach to the therapeutics of breast cancer.

Identification of the role of DAB2 and CXCL8 in uterine spiral artery remodeling in early-onset preeclampsia.

Aberrant remodeling of uterine spiral arteries (SPA) is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE). However, the complexities of SPA transformation remain inadequately understood. We conducted a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of whole placental tissues derived from patients with EOPE and their corresponding controls, identified DAB2 as a key gene of interest and explored the mechanism underlying the communication between Extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) and decidual vascular smooth muscle cells (dVSMC) through cell models and a placenta-decidua coculture (PDC) model in vitro. DAB2 enhanced the motility and viability of HTR-8/SVneo cells. After exposure to conditioned medium (CM) from HTR-8/SVneoshNC cells, hVSMCs exhibited a rounded morphology, indicative of dedifferentiation, while CM-HTR-8/SVneoshDAB2 cells displayed a spindle-like morphology. Furthermore, the PDC model demonstrated that CM-HTR-8/SVneoshDAB2 was less conducive to vascular remodeling. Further in-depth mechanistic investigations revealed that C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8, also known as IL8) is a pivotal regulator governing the dedifferentiation of dVSMC. DAB2 expression in EVTs is critical for orchestrating the phenotypic transition and motility of dVSMC. These processes may be intricately linked to the CXCL8/PI3K/AKT pathway, underscoring its central role in intricate SPA remodeling.

Microbial Diversity Impacts Non-Protein Amino Acid Production in Cyanobacterial Bloom Cultures Collected from Lake Winnipeg.

Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada is heavily impacted by harmful algal blooms that contain non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) produced by cyanobacteria: N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG), ß-aminomethyl-L-alanine (BAMA), ß-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB). Our objective was to investigate the impact of microbial diversity on NPAA production by cyanobacteria using semi-purified crude cyanobacterial cultures established from field samples collected by the Lake Winnipeg Research Consortium between 2016 and 2021. NPAAs were detected and quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) using validated analytical methods, while Shannon and Simpson alpha diversity scores were determined from 16S rRNA metagenomic sequences. Alpha diversity in isolate cultures was significantly decreased compared to crude cyanobacterial cultures (p < 0.001), indicating successful semi-purification. BMAA and AEG concentrations were higher in crude compared to isolate cultures (p < 0.0001), and AEG concentrations were correlated to the alpha diversity in cultures (r = 0.554; p < 0.0001). BAMA concentrations were increased in isolate cultures (p < 0.05), while DAB concentrations were similar in crude and isolate cultures. These results demonstrate that microbial community complexity impacts NPAA production by cyanobacteria and related organisms.

ROS Detection and Quantification in Plant-Nematode Interactions.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is one of the earliest hallmarks upon successful pathogen recognition in plants. H2O2 is considered the most important ROS in plant defense considering its relatively high stability and capacity to cross long distances in the plant. However, ROS also play roles in cell development and could hence facilitate nematode feeding site development. Several methods to analyze the cellular redox state exist, among which ROS detection and quantification and the evaluation of ROS scavenging enzyme activity (peroxidase activity, catalase activity, etc.). Here, we describe DAB staining, which is used to detect and localize ROS in planta upon an external trigger. Furthermore, ROS quantification using the FOX assay is described. Both methods have been used extensively in research and yield repeatable results in various plants.

AMPK-upregulated microRNA-708 plays as a suppressor of cellular senescence and aging via downregulating disabled-2 and mTORC1 activation.

Senescence-associated microRNAs (SA-miRNAs) are important molecules for aging regulation. While many aging-promoting SA-miRNAs have been identified, confirmed aging-suppressive SA-miRNAs are rare, that impeded our full understanding on aging regulation. In this study, we verified that miR-708 expression is decreased in senescent cells and aged tissues and revealed that miR-708 overexpression can alleviate cellular senescence and aging performance. About the molecular cascade carrying the aging suppressive action of miR-708, we unraveled that miR-708 directly targets the 3'UTR of the disabled 2 (Dab2) gene and inhibits the expression of DAB2. Interestingly, miR-708-caused DAB2 downregulation blocks the aberrant mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, a driving metabolic event for senescence progression, and restores the impaired autophagy, a downstream event of aberrant mTORC1 activation. We also found that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation can upregulate miR-708 via the elevation of DICER expression, and miR-708 inhibitor is able to blunt the antiaging effect of AMPK. In summary, this study characterized miR-708 as an aging-suppressive SA-miRNA for the first time and uncovered a new signaling cascade, in which miR-708 links the DAB2/mTOR axis and AMPK/DICER axis together. These findings not only demonstrate the potential role of miR-708 in aging regulation, but also expand the signaling network connecting AMPK and mTORC1.

Effect of Fixatives and Fixation Period on Morphology and Immunohistochemistry of Feline Ovarian Tissue.

Fixatives and fixation protocol have a profound effect on both the morphology and epitope sensitivity of ovarian tissue, which hampers accurate ovarian tissue evaluation. We aimed to establish the most suitable fixation protocol for feline (Felis catus) ovarian tissue. Fragments (1.5 mm diameter) were punched from 1 mm-thick feline ovarian tissue, divided into three groups then fixed with three different fixatives (Bouin, neutral buffered formalin [NBF] and form acetic acid [new compound fixative formulation for ovarian tissue composed of 5% acetic acid in NBF]) for five fixation periods. Subsequently, fragments were processed and evaluated for the morphology and intensity of immunohistochemical signals against three antigens (Ki-67, MCM-7 and activated caspase-3). Proportions of grade 1 or morphologically intact follicles were significantly lower in NBF when compared with Bouin and form acetic acid fixatives. However, Bouin fixative had the lowest mean DAB intensity (p < 0.05) in all three antigen targets, while NBF had the highest (p < 0.05) in Ki-67 and caspase-3, but in MCM-7, it was no different from form acetic acid. In conclusion, form acetic acid maintained ovarian tissue architecture with excellent follicular morphology in the same manner as Bouin fixative, and it also maintained reasonable DAB signals similar to NBF, thus providing a better alternative for feline ovarian tissue studies.

STAT3-mediated up-regulation of DAB2 via SRC-YAP1 signaling axis promotes Helicobacter pylori-driven gastric tumorigenesis.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the primary cause of gastric cancer (GC). The role of Disabled-2 (DAB2) in GC remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of DAB2 in H pylori-mediated gastric tumorigenesis. METHODS: We screened various datasets of GC to analyze DAB2 expression and cell signaling pathways. DAB2 expression was assessed in human GC tissue microarrays. H pylori infection in vivo and in vitro models were further explored. Immunostaining, immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase reporter assays were performed in the current study. RESULTS: The bioinformatic analysis verified that DAB2 was 1 of the 8 genes contributed to tumorigenesis and associated with poor prognosis in GC. The median overall survival and disease-free survival rates in DAB2high group were significantly less than those in DAB2low group. These findings demonstrated that H pylori transcriptionally activated DAB2 expression via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent pathway. By bioinformatics analysis and knockdown or overexpression of DAB2, we found that DAB2 upregulated Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) transcriptional activity. Mechanistically, DAB2 served as a scaffold protein for integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) and SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase (SRC), facilitated the phosphorylation of SRC, promoted the small GTPase ras homolog family member A (RHOA) activation and phosphorylation of YAP1, and ultimately enhanced the YAP1 transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these findings indicated that DAB2 is a key mediator in STAT3-regulated translation of YAP1 and plays crucial roles in H pylori-mediated GC development. DAB2 might serve as a novel therapeutic target for GC.

Disabled-2, a versatile tissue matrix multifunctional scaffold protein with multifaceted signaling: Unveiling its potential in the cancer battle.

A multifunctional scaffold protein termed Disabled-2 (Dab2) has recently gained attention in the scientific community and has emerged as a promising candidate in the realm of cancer research. Dab2 protein is involved in a variety of signaling pathways, due to which its significance in the pathogenesis of several carcinomas has drawn considerable attention. Dab2 is essential for controlling the advancement of cancer because it engages in essential signaling pathways such as the Wnt/ß-catenin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) pathways. Dab2 can also repress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which is involved in tumor progression with metastatic expansion and adds another layer of significance to its possible impact on cancer spread. Furthermore, the role of Dab2 in processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis has been explored in certain investigative studies suggesting its significance. The present review examines the role of Dab2 in the pathogenesis of various cancer subtypes including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, prostate cancer, and bladder urothelial carcinoma and also sheds some light on its potential to act as a therapeutic target and a prognostic marker in the treatment of various carcinomas. By deciphering this protein's diverse signaling, we hope to provide useful insights that may pave the way for novel therapeutic techniques and tailored treatment approaches in cancer management. Preclinical and clinical trial data on the impact of Dab2 regulation in cancer have also been included, allowing us to delineate role of Dab2 in tumor suppressor function, as well as its correlation with disease stage classification and potential therapy options. However, we observed that there is very scarce data in the form of studies on the evaluation of Dab2 role and treatment function in carcinomas, and further research into this matter could prove beneficial in the generation of novel therapeutic agents for patient-centric and tailored therapy, as well as early prognosis of carcinomas.

Gingerol and/or sorafenib attenuates the DAB-induced HCC and hepatic portal vein dilatation via ATG4/CASP3 and COIIV/COX-2/NF-κB expression.

Ginger (Gin) has numerous therapeutic properties. One of Gin's most potent components is 6-gingerol, a naturally occurring phenol. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic impact of gingerol and/or sorafenib on the ATG4/CASP3 and COIIV/COX-2/NF-B Expression as a potential therapy for DAB-induced HCC. Gin was administered to HCC mice induced by p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) alone or combined with sorafenib (Sor). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as biochemical markers including AST, ALT, ALP, Albumin, and Bilirubin, were examined. The expression of oncogenes (COIIV, COX-2, NF-κB, and survivin) and tumor suppressor genes (ATG4 and CASP3) was evaluated using qPCR. According to the results, the levels of MDA have been markedly decreased, while SOD and CAT have been increased. Further, the expression levels of tumor suppressor genes were upregulated, whereas the expression levels of oncogene genes were downregulated. Furthermore, in a dose-dependent manner, gingerol has shown the potential to alleviate hepatic portal vein (PV) dilatation and could offer a reliable therapy for HCC. This suggests combining the two compounds may be more effective than alone and that Gin could be a promising therapeutic option for HCC. The binding of Gin and Sor to the active sites of the target genes prevents them from functioning normally, which in turn stops the pathways from carrying out their oncogenic functions. Additionally, COX-2 inhibition reduces the production of certain pro-inflammatory compounds, which further averts oncogenesis. Conclusively, this study indicated that Gin has cytoprotective properties and anti-cancer activity that may be related to controlling oxidative stress. This effect may be achieved by suppressing the COIIV/COX-2/NF-κB pathway and upregulating the ATG4 /CASP3 pathways.

m6A Methylation-Mediated Stabilization of LINC01106 Suppresses Bladder Cancer Progression by Regulating the miR-3148/DAB1 Axis.

BACKGROUND: The pivotal roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the realm of cancer biology, inclusive of bladder cancer (BCa), have been substantiated through various studies. Remarkably, RNA methylation, especially m6A modification, has demonstrated its influence on both coding and noncoding RNAs. Nonetheless, the explicit impact of RNA methylation on lncRNAs and its subsequent contribution to the progression of BCa remains to be elucidated. METHODS: In the present investigation, we scrutinized the expression and m6A methylation status of LINC01106, employing quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)-qPCR. To decipher the regulatory mechanism underpinning LINC01106, we utilized RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP)-qPCR, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) assays, and bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, the CRISPR/dCas13b-METTL3-METTL14 system was implemented to probe the function of LINC01106. RESULTS: The findings of our study indicated that LINC01106 is under expressed and exhibits diminished m6A methylation levels in BCa tissues when compared those of normal controls. A diminished expression of LINC01106 was associated with a less favorable prognosis in BCa patients. Intriguingly, CRISPR-mediated hypermethylation of LINC01106, facilitated by dCas13b-M3-M14, abolished the malignant phenotype of the BCa cells, an effect that could be inverted by Disabled-1 (DAB1) knockdown. From a mechanistic standpoint, we identified an m6A modification site on LINC01106 and highlighted YTHDC1 as a potential reader protein implicated in this process. Additionally, a positive correlation between DAB1 and LINC01106 expression was observed, with miR-3148 potentially acting as a mediator in this relationship. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our research unveils a suppressive regulatory role of the LINC01106/miR-3148/DAB1 axis in the progression of BCa and underscores the YTHDC1-mediated m6A modification mechanism in regards to LINC01106. These revelations propose a new therapeutic target for the management of BCa.

Using an embryo specific promoter to modify iron distribution pattern in Arabidopsis.

Iron is an essential micronutrient for life. During the development of the seed, iron accumulates during embryo maturation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, iron mainly accumulates in the vacuoles of only one cell type, the cell layer that surrounds provasculature in hypocotyl and cotyledons. Iron accumulation pattern in Arabidopsis is an exception in plant phylogeny, most part of the dicot embryos accumulate iron in several cell layers including cortex and, in some cases, even in protodermis. It remains unknown how does iron reach the internal cell layers of the embryo, and in particular, the molecular mechanisms responsible of this process. Here, we use transgenic approaches to modify the iron accumulation pattern in an Arabidopsis model. Using the SDH2-3 embryo-specific promoter, we were able to express VIT1 ectopically in both a wild type background and a mutant vit1 background lacking expression of this vacuolar iron transporter. These manipulations modify the iron distribution pattern in Arabidopsis from one cell layer to several cell layers, including protodermis, cortex cells, and the endodermis. Interestingly, total seed iron content was not modified compared with the wild type, suggesting that iron distribution in embryos is not involved in the control of the total iron amount accumulated in seeds. This experimental model can be used to study the processes involved in iron distribution patterning during embryo maturation and its evolution in dicot plants.

Effects of circTRIM33-12 on proliferation,apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of brain glioma cells by regulating miR-191/DAB2 axis / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of circTRIM33-12 on proliferation,apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of brain glioma cells by miR-191/DAB2 axis.Methods The expressions of circTRIM33-12,miR-191 and DAB2 in brain glioma cell CHG-5 and human normal brain glial epithelial cells HEB were detected by RT-PCR.The cultured CHG-5 cells were divided into the siRNA NC group,the circTRIM33-12 siRNA group,the DAB2 siRNA group;the mimics NC group,the miR-191 mimics group;the circTRIM33-12 WT+mimics NC group,the circTRIM33-12 WT+miR-191 mimics group,the circTRIM33-12 MUT+ mimics NC group,the circTRIM33-12 MUT+miR-191 mimics group;the inhibitor NC group,the miR-191 inhibitor group;the pcDNA+ mimics NC group,the pcDNA-TRIM33-12+mimics NC group,the pcDNA+miR-191 mimics group,the pcDNA-TRIM33-12+miR-191 mimics group;the DAB2 WT+mimics NC group,the DAB2 WT+miR-191mimis group,the DAB2 MUT+mimics NC group,the DAB2 MUT+ miR-191 mimis group.CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effects of the expressions of circTRIM33-12,miR-191 and DAB2 on the prolifera-tion ability of CHG-5 cells;flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of the expressions of circTRIM33-12,miR-191 and DAB2 on the apoptosis of CHG-5 cells;Western blot was used to detect the effects of the expressions of circTRIM33-12,miR-191 and DAB2 on EMT of CHG-5 cells.TargetScan database was used to analyze the correlations among miR-191,circTRIM33-12 and DAB2,and dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify their relationships;RT-qPCR was used to detect the effect of circTRIM33-12 on DAB2 expression through miR-191.Results Compared with HEB cells,the expression of circTRIM33-12 in CHG-5 cells was down-regulated(P<0.01),the expression of miR-191 was up-regulated(P<0.01),and the expression of DAB2 was down-regulated(P<0.01).Compared with the siRNA NC group,the proliferation activity and N-cadherin expression of CHG-5 cells in the circTRIM33-12 siRNA group and the DAB2 siRNA group were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the apoptosis rate and E-cadherin expression were decreased(P<0.01).circTRIM33-12 targeted miR-191,and miR-191 targeted DAB2.Compared with the inhibitor NC group,the proliferation activity and N-cadherin expression of CHG-5 cells in the miR-191 inhibitor group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the apoptosis rate and E-cadherin expression were increased(P<0.01).circTRIM33-12 overexpression inhibited CHG-5 cell proliferation and EMT through miR-191.Conclusion circTRIM33-12 may regulate the proliferation,apoptosis and EMT of brain glioma cells through the miR-191/DAB2 axis.