The selenium-independent phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase from Theobroma cacao (TcPHGPX) protects plant cells against damages and cell death.

Proteins from the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family, such as GPX4 or PHGPX in animals, are extensively studied for their antioxidant functions and apoptosis inhibition. GPXs can be selenium-independent or selenium-dependent, with selenium acting as a potential cofactor for GPX activity. However, the relationship of plant GPXs to these functions remains unclear. Recent research indicated an upregulation of Theobroma cacao phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene (TcPHGPX) expression during early witches' broom disease stages, suggesting the use of antioxidant mechanisms as a plant defense strategy to reduce disease progression. Witches' broom disease, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, induces cell death through elicitors like MpNEP2 in advanced infection stages. In this context, in silico and in vitro analyses of TcPHGPX's physicochemical and functional characteristics may elucidate its antioxidant potential and effects against cell death, enhancing understanding of plant GPXs and informing strategies to control witches' broom disease. Results indicated TcPHGPX interaction with selenium compounds, mainly sodium selenite, but without improving the protein function. Protein-protein interaction network suggested cacao GPXs association with glutathione and thioredoxin metabolism, engaging in pathways like signaling, peroxide detection for ABA pathway components, and anthocyanin transport. Tests on tobacco cells revealed that TcPHGPX reduced cell death, associated with decreased membrane damage and H2O2 production induced by MpNEP2. This study is the first functional analysis of TcPHGPX, contributing to knowledge about plant GPXs and supporting studies for witches' broom disease control.

For birds and humans: challenges and benefits of rat eradication from an inhabited island (Ventotene, central Italy).

BACKGROUND: Rat eradication from islands is a very effective tool that can free entire ecosystems from the pressure of alien predators. In this study we present the case study of Ventotene (Ponziane Archipelago, central Italy), which to date is the island with by far the greatest number of human inhabitants ever freed from the negative implications of rats. Rat eradication was carried out in the framework of the Life PonDerat project, co-financed by the European Union. Besides considering the conservation benefits due to the removal of rats, we also considered the socio-economic and pathogenic impacts from introduced rats. RESULTS: The overall economic cost of the rats was quantified to be at least €18 500 per year to the residents of the island. Several zoonotic pathogens were detected in the rat population prior to eradication. A reduction in the rodenticide distributed over time on the island was also estimated. Identifying the origin of the rat population allowed for the development of more targeted and effective biosecurity measures. The eradication effort was challenged by the presence of domestic animals and variability in support for baiting in urbanised areas. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study open up new perspectives on island restoration projects. We demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of the action, including ecosystem restoration, reduction of rat impacts in agricultural systems, and improving overall health and food safety. Our findings will have implications for similar interventions on other islands, potentially bringing significant benefits. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Causos e notas sobre uma trágica micropromoção da saúde / Stories and notes about a tragicmicro-promotion of health / Relatos y notas sobre una trágica micropromoción de la salud

Este escrito se vale de modos de pensar presentes na filosofia de Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) para explorar alguns sentidos trágicos que compõem formulações denominadas de "promoção da saúde", entre eles, a extravagante noção de qualidade de vida. Por meio de causos do trabalho em saúde, oferta falsos fragmentos de reais encontros de cuidado para anunciar uma trágica micropromoção da saúde como conceito-ferramenta para pensar a relação entre controle e risco, entre proteção e êxtase na produção da saúde. Por fim, a perspectiva da redução de danos é visualizada como possibilidade clínico-política para habitar e suportar criativamente o horror trágico da nossa condição humana em sua face sanitária. (AU)

This text uses ways of thinking present in the philosophy of Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) to explore some tragic meanings that compose formulations denominated health promotion, including the extravagant notion of quality of life. Through health work stories, it offers false fragments of real encounters of care to announce a tragic micro-promotion of health as a tool-concept to think about the relationship between control and risk, between protection and ecstasy in health production. Lastly, the perspective of damage reduction is viewed as a clinical-political possibility to inhabit and creatively tolerate the tragic horror of our human condition in its sanitary face. (AU)

Resumen Este escrito se vale de maneras de pensar presentes en la filosofía de Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) para explorar algunos sentidos trágicos que componen formulas denominadas de promoción de la salud, entre ellos, la extravagante noción de calidad de vida. Por medio de relatos del trabajo en salud, ofrece falsos fragmentos de encuentros de cuidado reales para anunciar una trágica micropromoción de la salud como concepto-herramienta para pensar la relación entre control y riesgo, entre protección y éxtasis en la producción de la salud. Finalmente, la perspectiva de la reducción de daños es visualizada como posibilidad clínico-política para habitar y soportar creativamente el horror trágico de nuestra condición humana en su aspecto sanitario. (AU)

High-intensity resistance exercise and Schinus terenbinthifolius supplementation attenuate oxidative stress and muscle damage biomarkers / El ejercicio de resistencia de alta intensidad y la suplementación con Schinus terenbinthifolius atenúan los biomarcadores del estrés oxidativo y daño muscular

SUMMARY: High-intensity physical exercises can cause oxidative stress and muscle damage. Several medicinal plants have been used as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. The present study evaluated high-intensity resistance exercise (HIRE) associated with Schinus Terebentifholius ethanolic extract (EE) on oxidative parameters and muscle damage in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into 04 groups (n=10/group): 1. Control (CG) - animals that did not undergo HIRE and were treated with vehicle (distilled water, orally); 2. Acute exercise (AE) - animals submitted to acute exercise session; 3. Exercise + vehicle (EV) - animals that underwent HIRE and were treated with vehicle and 4. Exercise + extract (EX) animals administered with Schinus terebenthifolius EE (100mg/Kg, orally) and submitted to the exercise session. Schinus terebenthifolius EE showed high in vitro antioxidant activity (13.88 ± 0.36 mg/mL). Before the experimental period, lactate was measured at pre and post moments of AE (p<0.0001) and EX (p<0.0001) groups. After the acute session, the following were evaluated: oxidative stress {malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl groups (SH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)}, muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In the in vivo analyses of the EX group compared to AE and EV groups, respectively: hepatic (MDA: p<0.0001 and SH: p=0.0033, in both; FRAP: p=0.0011 and p=0.0047), muscle (MDA, SH and FRAP: p<0.0001, in both; CK: p=0.0001 and p<0.0001; LDH: p<0.0001, in both), serum levels (MDA: p=0.0003, p=0.0012, SH: p=0.0056, p=0.0200, FRAP: p=0.0017 and p=0.0165) were significant. There was no significant difference in ALT and AST markers. It could be concluded that Schinus terebenthifolius EE associated with HIRE attenuated oxidative stress and muscle damage in rats.

RESUMEN: Los ejercicios físicos de alta intensidad pueden causar estrés oxidativo y daño muscular. Varias plantas medicinales se han utilizado como agentes antioxidantes y antiinflamatorios. El presente estudio evaluó el ejercicio de resistencia de alta intensidad (HIRE) asociado con el extracto etanólico (EE) de Schinus terebentifholius sobre los parámetros oxidativos y el daño muscular en ratas Wistar. Los animales se dividieron en 4 grupos (n=10/grupo): 1. Control (GC) - animales que no se sometieron a HIRE y fueron tratados con vehículo (agua destilada, por vía oral); 2. Ejercicio agudo (AE) - animales sometidos a sesión de ejercicio agudo; 3. Ejercicio + vehículo (EV) - animales que se sometieron a HIRE y fueron tratados con vehículo y 4. Ejercicio + extracto (EX) animales administrados con Schinus terebenthifolius EE (100 mg/kg, por vía oral) y sometidos a la sesión de ejercicio. Schinus terebenthifolius EE mostró una alta actividad antioxidante in vitro (13,88 ± 0,36 mg/mL). Antes del período experimental, se midió el lactato en los momentos pre y post de los grupos AE (p<0,0001) y EX (p<0,0001). Tras la sesión aguda, se evaluaron: el estrés oxidativo malondialdehído (MDA), grupos sulfhidrilo (SH) y poder antioxidante reductor férrico (FRAP), daño muscular (creatina quinasa (CK) y lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)), alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) y aspartato aminotransferasa (AST). En los análisis in vivo del grupo EX frente a los grupos AE y EV, respectivamente: hepático (MDA: p<0,0001 y SH: p=0,0033, en ambos; FRAP: p=0,0011 y p=0,0047), muscular (MDA, SH y FRAP: p<0,0001, en ambos; CK: p=0,0001 y p<0,0001; LDH: p<0,0001, en ambos), niveles séricos (MDA: p=0,0003, p=0,0012, SH: p=0,0056, p=0,0200, FRAP: p=0,0017 y p=0,0165) fueron significativas. No hubo diferencia significativa en los marcadores ALT y AST. Se podría concluir que Schinus terebenthifolius EE asociado con HIRE atenuó el estrés oxidativo y el daño muscular en ratas.

Caracterização de atores e práticas de Redução de Danos na região Sul do país / Characterization of actors and practices of Harm Reduction in the South region of Brazil

Resumo O uso de conceitos e práticas de Redução de Danos (RD) na atenção às pessoas que usam drogas foi iniciado no Brasil nos anos 1990, como resposta preventiva à propagação do HIV/aids. Ao longo dos anos, ganhou espaço em outros campos de ação, como a saúde mental e a proteção social. Em 2019, com as mudanças no governo federal, esta prática foi retirada da definição da política sobre drogas. Com foco nos reflexos dessas mudanças, este estudo visou caracterizar quem atua e quais ações são desenvolvidas junto às pessoas que usam drogas, sob a perspectiva da RD, em municípios da região Sul do Brasil (RS, SC e PR). Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo e transversal, que usou um questionário virtual composto por questões abertas, fechadas e métodos mistos de análise de dados. Os participantes foram recrutados por meio do método Snowball Sampling, de forma virtual, alcançando 72 questionários validados. Foi desenvolvida uma análise exploratória dos dados quantitativos. Para as respostas qualitativas foi usada a Análise Textual Discursiva e o software NVivo (versão 12). Os resultados demonstraram o perfil dos profissionais; mudanças ao longo dos anos e a necessidade de ampliar investimentos em pesquisas sobre RD.

Abstract Harm Reduction (HR) concepts and practices in the care of people who use drugs stared being used in Brazil in the 1990s, as a preventive response to the spread of HIV/AIDS. Over the years, it gained space in other fields, such as mental health and social protection. In 2019, with changes in the federal government, this practice was removed from the definitions of the drug policy. Focusing on the consequences of these changes, this study aimed to characterize who works and what actions are developed with the people who use drugs, in the HR perspective, in the southern region of Brazil. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional exploratory study, which used an online questionnaire with open and closed questions, and mixed methods of data analysis. Participants were recruited using the Snowball Sampling method, by virtual means, reaching 72 validated questionnaires. An exploratory analysis of the quantitative data was developed. For the qualitative data, the Discursive Textual Analysis and NVivo software (version 12) were used. The results showed the profile of professionals; the changes over the years; and the need to expand investments in HR research.

Investigation of Damage Reduction When Dry-Drilling Aramid Fiber-Reinforced Plastics Based on a Three-Point Step Drill.

Aramid fiber-reinforced plastic (AFRP) is widely used in bullet-proof and armor structures, and is difficult to drill because of the high-toughness aramid fibers with ductile fracturing-differently from carbon fiber. Therefore, drilling quality cannot be ensured by the drilling used for carbon fiber-reinforced plastic, and frequently, delamination and burrs occur in the drilling process. This article first established a two-dimensional cutting model for analyzing the fiber deformation and material interface cracking. According to the model, reducing the thrust force and the radial force of the edge on the fibers is an effective way to reduce the fiber deformation, and a three-point step drill is proposed further. Comparative experiments were carried out among twist drilling, candle core drilling and three-point step drilling under three drilling parameters. The results show that the three-point step drill changed the traditional cutting behavior on the drill-exit material into a compound process. Finally, the AFRP was cut effectively with the novel drill with a small thrust force, and the delamination and "burrs area" were reduced through different drilling parameters. In summary, the three-point step drill can drill the AFRP without delamination and burrs with 0.02 mm/rev, which provides a new solution of cost-effective production for AFRP manufacturers.

Piezoceramic-Based Damage Monitoring of Concrete Structure for Underwater Blasting.

This paper developed a piezoelectric-transducer-based damage detection of concrete materials after blasting. Two specimens (with or without an energy-relieving structure) were subjected to a 40 m deep-underwater blasting load in an underwater-explosion vessel, and their damage was detected by a multifunctional piezoelectric-signal-monitoring and -analysis system before and after the explosion. Statistical-data analysis of the piezoelectric signals revealed four zones: crushing, fracture, damage, and safe zones. The signal energy was analyzed and calculated by wavelet-packet analysis, and the blasting-damage index was obtained after the concrete specimen was subjected to the impact load of the underwater explosion. The damage of the two specimens gradually decreased from the blast hole to the bottom of the specimen. The damage index of the specimen with the energy-relieving structure differed for the fracture area and the damage area, and the damage protection of the energy-relieving structure was prominent at the bottom of the specimen. The piezoelectric-transducer-based damage monitoring of concrete materials is sensitive to underwater blasting, and with wavelet-packet-energy analysis, it can be used for postblasting damage detection and the evaluation of concrete materials.

Exploring trade-offs among the multiple benefits of green-blue-grey infrastructure for urban flood mitigation.

Climate change is presenting one of the main challenges to our planet. In parallel, all regions of the world are projected to urbanise further. Consequently, sustainable development challenges will be increasingly concentrated in cities. A resulting impact is the increment of expected urban flood risk in many areas around the globe. Adaptation to climate change is an opportunity to improve urban conditions through the implementation of green-blue infrastructures, which provide multiple benefits besides flood mitigation. However, this is not an easy task since urban drainage systems are complex structures. This work focuses on a method to analyse the trade-offs when different benefits are pursued in stormwater infrastructure planning. A hydrodynamic model was coupled with an evolutionary optimisation algorithm to evaluate different green-blue-grey measures combinations. This evaluation includes flood mitigation as well as the enhancement of co-benefits. We confirmed optimisation as a helpful decision-making tool to visualise trade-offs among flood management strategies. Our results show that considering co-benefits enhancement as an objective boosts the selection of green-blue infrastructure. However, flood mitigation effectiveness can be diminished when extra benefits are pursued. Finally, we proved that combining green-blue-grey measures is particularly important in urban spaces when several benefits are considered simultaneously.

Interleukin-10-1082A/G polymorphism is associated with renal parenchymal damage in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.

AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the functional IL10-1082A/G polymorphism exert a role in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in children. Also, the serum IL-10 and its association with genotype and renal parenchymal damage in CAKUT were explored. METHODS: In the current case-control study, 134 paediatric cases of CAKUT and 382 unrelated controls were included. The genotyping of IL10-1082A/G polymorphism was performed by amplification refractory mutation system-PCR and IL-10 serum level was determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Although, the genotype and allelic frequencies of IL10-1082 A/G polymorphism in cases and controls were similar (χ2 = 0.459; P = 0.79 and χ2 = 0.426; P = 0.51, respectively), significant different genotype distribution between patients with or without parenchymal damage/reduction was observed (χ2 = 6.9; P = 0.032). The GG-genotype was more frequent in cases with renal parenchymal damage/reduction compared to patients with preserved parenchyma (22% vs. 9%; OR = 2.987; 95% CI = 0.979-9.468; P = 0.031). On the contrary, the heterozygous genotype was less frequent among cases with parenchymal damage/reduction compared to cases with preserved parenchyma (39% vs. 59%; OR = 0.453; 95% CI = 0.214-0.958; P = 0.024). Additionally, the serum IL-10 was significantly higher in CAKUT patients compared to age-sex-matched controls (median 11.98; IQR: 7.14-31.6 vs. 5.92; IQR: 4.68-14.8; P = 0.0057). Among carriers of GG-genotype significantly higher IL-10 level was detected in cases with parenchymal damage/reduction, than cases with preserved parenchyma (P = 0.028). CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that the functional -1082A/G polymorphism in IL10 is associated with risk of renal parenchymal damage/reduction rather than genetic predisposition to CAKUT. Additionally, our study supposes that immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 might have a significant role in CAKUT.

Ações de redução de danos no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPS ad): pressupostos e práticas / Damage reduction actions in Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPS ad): assumptions and practices

O presente artigo é resultado de um estudo que visou identificar e avaliar as ações praticadas em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas (CAPS ad) à luz dos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e da Redução de Danos (RD). Tais políticas objetivam cuidar de possíveis complicações à saúde associadas ao consumo de substâncias psicoativas sem intervenções na oferta ou consumo, respeitando a liberdade de escolha. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo a fim de identificar as ações de redução de danos desenvolvidas nesse âmbito com profissionais de nível médio e superior do CAPS ad por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, posteriormente interpretadas pela análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Foram identificadas as ações de RD realizadas, os entraves e potencialidades nessa prática, os modos de operar e os contatos iniciais com a RD pelos profissionais.

This article is the result of a study that aimed to identify and evaluate actions taken in the context of mental health services Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPS ad) in accordance with the principles of the Unified Health System (SUS) and Damage Reduction (RD). These policies aim to take care of possible health complications associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances without interventions in supply or consumption, respecting freedom of choice. We conducted a field survey in order to identify the damage reduction actions developed in this area with mid-level and upper level CAPS ad professionals through semi-structured interview, later interpreted by Bardin content analysis. We identified the RD shares held, the obstacles and potential in this practice, the modes of operating the RD and the initial contacts with the RD professionals.

Structural damage reduction in protected gold clusters by electron diffraction methods.

The present work explores electron diffraction methods for studying the structure of metallic clusters stabilized with thiol groups, which are susceptible to structural damage caused by electron beam irradiation. There is a compromise between the electron dose used and the size of the clusters since they have small interaction volume with electrons and as a consequence weak reflections in the diffraction patterns. The common approach of recording individual clusters using nanobeam diffraction has the problem of an increased current density. Dosage can be reduced with the use of a smaller condenser aperture and a higher condenser lens excitation, but even with those set ups collection times tend to be high. For that reason, the methods reported herein collects in a faster way diffraction patterns through the scanning across the clusters under nanobeam diffraction mode. In this way, we are able to collect a map of diffraction patterns, in areas with dispersed clusters, with short exposure times (milliseconds) using a high sensitive CMOS camera. When these maps are compared with their theoretical counterparts, oscillations of the clusters can be observed. The stability of the patterns acquired demonstrates that our methods provide a systematic and precise way to unveil the structure of atomic clusters without extensive detrimental damage of their crystallinity.

Impactos da ação de agentes redutores de danos segundo profissionais da rede SUS / Impacts of reduction action according to SUS / Professionals acción de impacto agentes de reducción de daños segundos profesionales en el SUS

Este trabalho discorre sobre os impactos causados pela ação de agentes redutores de danos (rds) na rede pública de saúde da cidade de Uberlândia-MG, de acordo com a perspectiva de profissionais que compõem parte desta rede de atenção em saúde. O método utilizado para a coleta de dados desta pesquisa qualitativa é a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas nesses profissionais e, para análise dos dados, foi escolhida a Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que o trabalho dos rds na Rede de Saúde Pública de Uberlândia-MG contribui para que os serviços de saúde incorporem em sua rotina, práticas relacionadas com as diretrizes da reforma psiquiátrica, o que gera como impacto mudanças nas suas estratégias de funcionamento e na relação com que os usuários de drogas estabelecem com elas.(AU)

The purpose of this study is to discuss the impacts caused by damage reduction agents (rds) work in the city of Uberlândia-MG, according to the perspective of professionals who are part of the Attention network of the county. The method used to collect the data of this qualitative research was interviews with these professionals and, for the analysis of the data, was used the content analysis. The results shows that the work of the reduction agents in the Public Health Network in Uberlândia-MG contributes to the incorporation of guidelines from the psychiatric reform in the routine of the service, that generates strategy chances in the operations and in the relationship that drug user established with it.(AU)

El propósito de este estudio es analizar los impactos causados por agentes de reducción de daños (rds) que trabajan en la ciudad de Uberlândia-MG, según la perspectiva de los profesionales que forman parte de la red de atención de la provincia. El método utilizado para recoger los datos de esta investigación cualitativa es entrevistas con estos profesionales y, para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que el trabajo de los agentes de reducción en la Red de Salud Pública en Uberlândia-MG contribuye a la incorporación de las directrices de la reforma psiquiátrica en la rutina del servicio, que genera oportunidades de estrategia en las operaciones y en la relación que el usuario de drogas establecido con él.(AU)

Impactos da ação de agentes redutores de danos segundo profissionais da rede SUS / Impacts of reduction action according to SUS / Professionals acción de impacto agentes de reducción de daños segundos profesionales en el SUS

Este trabalho discorre sobre os impactos causados pela ação de agentes redutores de danos (rds) na rede pública de saúde da cidade de Uberlândia-MG, de acordo com a perspectiva de profissionais que compõem parte desta rede de atenção em saúde. O método utilizado para a coleta de dados desta pesquisa qualitativa é a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas nesses profissionais e, para análise dos dados, foi escolhida a Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que o trabalho dos rds na Rede de Saúde Pública de Uberlândia-MG contribui para que os serviços de saúde incorporem em sua rotina, práticas relacionadas com as diretrizes da reforma psiquiátrica, o que gera como impacto mudanças nas suas estratégias de funcionamento e na relação com que os usuários de drogas estabelecem com elas.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the impacts caused by damage reduction agents (rds) work in the city of Uberlândia-MG, according to the perspective of professionals who are part of the Attention network of the county. The method used to collect the data of this qualitative research was interviews with these professionals and, for the analysis of the data, was used the content analysis. The results shows that the work of the reduction agents in the Public Health Network in Uberlândia-MG contributes to the incorporation of guidelines from the psychiatric reform in the routine of the service, that generates strategy chances in the operations and in the relationship that drug user established with it.

El propósito de este estudio es analizar los impactos causados por agentes de reducción de daños (rds) que trabajan en la ciudad de Uberlândia-MG, según la perspectiva de los profesionales que forman parte de la red de atención de la provincia. El método utilizado para recoger los datos de esta investigación cualitativa es entrevistas con estos profesionales y, para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que el trabajo de los agentes de reducción en la Red de Salud Pública en Uberlândia-MG contribuye a la incorporación de las directrices de la reforma psiquiátrica en la rutina del servicio, que genera oportunidades de estrategia en las operaciones y en la relación que el usuario de drogas establecido con él.

Nalmefene: a new approach to the treatment of alcohol dependence.

Reduction of alcohol consumption is not yet a widely accepted treatment objective for alcohol-dependent patients, as abstinence is often considered to be the only possible objective in this situation. However, various studies have demonstrated the value of proposing these two options to such patients. Firstly, reduction of alcohol consumption very significantly reduces the risk of alcohol-related damage, and also modifies the patient's and the doctor's perception of the disease, resulting in improved access to care and better patient adherence with the proposed treatment objective and consequently better clinical results. Recent studies have shown that some medicinal products can help patients reduce their alcohol consumption. One such product, nalmefene, has been granted European marketing authorization and is now being released onto the market in various countries. The ESENSE 1 and 2 studies in alcohol-dependent patients showed that, in combination with BRENDA, a psychosocial intervention focusing on reinforcement of motivation and treatment adherence, nalmefene significantly reduced the number of heavy drinking days and mean daily total alcohol consumption versus placebo. This reduction was more marked in the marketing authorization target population, ie, patients with a high or very high drinking risk level according to World Health Organization criteria. Another original feature of this molecule is that it can be used as needed if the patient perceives a risk of drinking, which is a more flexible approach and more likely to ensure the patient's active involvement in the treatment of his/her disease. This molecule opens up interesting and original therapeutic prospects in the treatment of alcohol dependence.

Infância e adolescência e redução de danos/intervenção precoce: diretrizes para intervenção / Childhood and adolescence and harm reduction/precocious intervention: ways to the intervention

O presente artigo visa discutir a articulação de três noções que entendemos ser de fundamental importância no que se refere ao problema do uso de álcool e outras drogas por crianças e adolescentes. Nesse sentido, será discutida a noção de violência estrutural como agente propagador da violação dos direitos da população citada; esta relacionada ao conceito de desenvolvimento no território. Em seguida, será trabalhada a introdução da noção de intervenção precoce como um modo de se alcançar a estratégia da Redução de Danos como direção de trabalho para os dispositivos assistenciais e de saúde que acolhem esse público. E, por fim, será abordada a própria estratégia da Redução de Danos e o modo como ela se insere no contexto das políticas públicas. Assim, objetivamos apresentar uma reflexão acerca de um determinado contexto – de exclusão, vulnerabilidade e desassistência – em que tais crianças e adolescentes em envolvimento com drogas estão inseridos.

This article focuses on discussing the articulation of three concepts that we believe are of fundamental importance to the problem of alcohol and other drugs by children and adolescents. Thus, we discuss the notion of structural violence as an agent of the violation of rights of the public mentioned, which is related to the concept of development in the territory. Will introduce the concept of early intervention as a means of achieving harm reduction as a working direction for health care devices and hosting this public. Finally, we address the strategy of harm reduction and how it fits into the context of policy public. Thus, we attempt to present a reflection on a particular context – of exclusion, vulnerability and lack of assistance – like the case of children and adolescents involved with drugs are located.

Pesquisa-intervenção em um CAPSad - Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas / Research-intervention in a CAPSad - Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs

O presente artigo irá traçar um processo de pesquisa-intervenção realizado ao longo de um ano em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial - Álcool e Drogas (CAPSad). Esta pesquisa se deu a partir de práticas baseadas nos conceitos que envolvem a Análise Institucional, preconizando, assim, um trabalho de análise da complexa rede de relações de saber e poder presentes em tal serviço, bem como da dinâmica institucional que faz circular ali forças produtivas, ou instituintes, além de forças que tendem a perpetuarem-se ao que está instituído. Utilizamos o método de pesquisaintervenção por ser um método de pesquisa que indissocia o pesquisar do intervir, fazendo com que o percurso desta pesquisa se trace na processualidade e complexidade dos acontecimentos investigados. Nesse processo investigativo-interventivo, problematizou-se a clínica da Redução de Danos por se constituir como uma diretriz das políticas públicas nessa área(AU)

This article will outline a process of research-intervention carried out over a year in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad). This research took place on practices based on concepts that involve the Institutional Analysis, thus advocating a job analysis of the complex network of knowledge and power relations present in such service, as well as of the institutional dynamics which causes productive or instituting forces to circulate there, in addition to forces which tend to perpetuate themselves to what is established. We have used the method of research-intervention, for it is a method of research which dissociates the act of researching from the act of intervening, causing the route of this research to be traced in the processuality and complexity of the events investigated. In this investigative-intervening process, the clinic of the Damage Reduction became an issue, for it is a guideline for the public policies in this area(AU)

Pesquisa-intervenção em um CAPSad - Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas / Research-intervention in a CAPSad - Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs

O presente artigo irá traçar um processo de pesquisa-intervenção realizado ao longo de um ano em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial - Álcool e Drogas (CAPSad). Esta pesquisa se deu a partir de práticas baseadas nos conceitos que envolvem a Análise Institucional, preconizando, assim, um trabalho de análise da complexa rede de relações de saber e poder presentes em tal serviço, bem como da dinâmica institucional que faz circular ali forças produtivas, ou instituintes, além de forças que tendem a perpetuarem-se ao que está instituído. Utilizamos o método de pesquisaintervenção por ser um método de pesquisa que indissocia o pesquisar do intervir, fazendo com que o percurso desta pesquisa se trace na processualidade e complexidade dos acontecimentos investigados. Nesse processo investigativo-interventivo, problematizou-se a clínica da Redução de Danos por se constituir como uma diretriz das políticas públicas nessa área.

This article will outline a process of research-intervention carried out over a year in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad). This research took place on practices based on concepts that involve the Institutional Analysis, thus advocating a job analysis of the complex network of knowledge and power relations present in such service, as well as of the institutional dynamics which causes productive or instituting forces to circulate there, in addition to forces which tend to perpetuate themselves to what is established. We have used the method of research-intervention, for it is a method of research which dissociates the act of researching from the act of intervening, causing the route of this research to be traced in the processuality and complexity of the events investigated. In this investigative-intervening process, the clinic of the Damage Reduction became an issue, for it is a guideline for the public policies in this area.