E-mmortal: Death Anxiety is Related to Selfie Behaviors.

Given the widespread phenomenon of selfies, numerous studies are examining the motivations behind taking and sharing selfies. The current paper suggests an additional possible motivation, namely, decreasing death anxiety. People are motivated to decrease their death anxiety by preserving a fake feeling of immortality. One known way to achieve this goal is by using photography. Therefore, we suggest that selfie behaviors are a way to fulfill the need to remain immortal. A hundred undergraduate students (Mage = 22.33) answered self-reported questionnaires regarding selfie motivations, selfie-taking frequency, selfie-sharing frequency, and death anxiety. All of those selfie measurements were indeed positively related to death anxiety. Moreover, many previous studies suggested that narcissism motivates selfie behaviors. In an exploratory approach, we examined whether death anxiety mediates this relationship. Indeed, death anxiety fully mediated the relationships between narcissism and selfie motivations and between narcissism and selfie-taking frequency, suggesting that the well-documented association between selfie behaviors and narcissism might be driven by death anxiety. Those preliminary results indicate that death anxiety is associated with selfie behaviors, opening new avenues for understanding the motivations underlying selfie behaviors.

The Psychopathological Predictors and Effects of Death Anxiety.

Death anxiety has been linked to several psychopathological conditions. However, the causes, comorbidity, and differential diagnosis of death anxiety is unexplored. This paper stands out by identifying common predictors of death anxiety and exploring the potential of death anxiety as a predictor for other psychological conditions. The paper reports the findings of four consecutive studies that involved a total of 2291 conveniently selected participants including 861 men and 1430 women. We focused on clarifying both the predictors of death anxiety and the psychopathological consequences emerging from it. Our findings established depression, anxiety, stress, fear of aging, and reduced life satisfaction as predictors of death anxiety. Psychosocial illness, sleep disturbances, aggression, and daily hassles were established as the adverse outcomes of death anxiety. Fear of aging was the most significant predictor of death anxiety and daily hassles emerged as the most significant adverse consequence of death anxiety.

Impact of Death Anxiety on Psychological Well-Being and Successful Aging of Older Adults With Chronic Illness.

Comorbidities due to aging and the COVID-19 pandemic together are expected to cause death anxiety among older adults. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of death anxiety and its impact on psychological well-being and successful aging of older adults with chronic illness. A cross-sectional correlational survey was conducted on 79 older adults with chronic illness, drawn with a stratified random sampling method. Self-report measures were used to assess death anxiety, psychological well-being, and successful aging. A high prevalence of death anxiety was reported among older adults. Psychological well-being and successful aging in these older adults were significantly and negatively associated with death anxiety. Further, death anxiety showed substantial predictive valence for psychological well-being and successful aging of older adults with chronic illness. Findings strongly advocate and call for timely intervention programs for chronically ill older adults to reduce their death anxiety for enhanced psychological well-being and promote successful aging.

Hypnobirthing Training for First-Time Mothers: Pain, Anxiety and Postpartum Wellbeing.

Purpose: Childbirth represents a significant life event, bringing about both physical and emotional transformations in a woman's life. Among other psychological aspects associated with childbirth, labor pain, death anxiety, and postpartum depression have garnered significant attention in the field of maternal and reproductive health. This study is intended to evaluate how the effectiveness of hypnobirthing training alleviates labor pain, mitigates death anxiety enhances postpartum well-being reduces labor hours, and how anxiety exacerbates the duration of labor. Methods: Data were collected from (N = 50) young and middle-aged postpartum women in the outpatient obstetrics and gynecology departments of the Civil Hospital, Waseer Gynecology Hospital and Basic Health Unit Jalal Ballagan in Gujranwala, Pakistan, by using the convenience sampling technique. Out of 50, women were divided into a control (N = 25) and an experimental group (N = 25). They were recruited during their 33 weeks of pregnancy until childbirth for hypnobirthing training. Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to collect participants' responses. Results: Findings proved hypnobirthing training as a catalyst in significantly reducing labor pain, death anxiety, and postpartum depression. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that death anxiety exacerbates the labor duration hours and hypnobirthing decreases the labor hours in the experimental group of women. Conclusion: It sheds light on the effectiveness of hypnobirthing training to enhance the birthing process. Findings underscore the significance of collaboration between obstetricians, psychologists, and mental health professionals to develop integrated care plans that address both physical and psychological aspects of childbirth.

The moderating effect of religiosity between climate change anxiety and death anxiety among a sample of Lebanese adults.

BACKGROUND: Acknowledging the increasing worry over climate change and its psychological effects, the aim of this research is to clarify the dynamics between religiosity, climate anxiety and death anxiety, seeking to figure out the way religiosity mitigates the psychological effects of existential anxieties and climate related anxiety. METHODS: Using Google Forms, a questionnaire was developed and disseminated through a variety of messaging platforms, such as WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook Messenger. Through a snowball sampling technique, 763 participants were recruited in this cross-sectional during September 2023. RESULTS: The subsequent variables were adjusted in the moderation analysis: age, gender, and place of living. The results suggested that religiosity levels moderated the association between climate anxiety and death anxiety (Beta = 0.02, t = 1.97, p = .05, 95% CI 0.001, 0.035). At low, moderate, and high levels of religiosity, higher climate anxiety was significantly associated with more death anxiety. In addition, at low levels of climate anxiety, individuals with higher levels of religiosity (22.66) had more decreased levels of death anxiety compared to those with lower levels of religiosity (11.99). As climate anxiety levels increase, inverted patterns can be observed, with highly religious individuals showing higher levels of death anxiety than those with lower levels of religiosity. Overall, the relationship between climate anxiety and death anxiety was found to be weakest at low levels of religiosity and strongest at high levels of religiosity. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a possible beneficial effect of high religiosity at low levels of climate anxiety. This effect is reversed as climate anxiety starts to increase. Therefore, clinicians and policy-makers should bear in mind these complex interactions when designing strategies to mitigate mental health problems in the context of climate crisis.

Death anxiety in patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers.

CONTEXT: Death anxiety is associated with fears of suffering and uncertainty at the end of life. It is also relevant to patients' family caregivers, who can experience fears about the patients' death and dying. OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the prevalence of death anxiety in advanced cancer patients and their family caregivers and its association with sociodemographic and medical characteristics. METHODS: We recruited patients with UICC stage IV solid tumors from in- and outpatient oncology and palliative care settings. We administered the Death and Dying Distress Scale to assess clinically significant death anxiety. We analyzed its association with sociodemographic and medical characteristics using simultaneous multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Death anxiety was prevalent in 37% of patients (N = 481) and 75% of family caregivers (N = 140). Most frequent death anxiety concerns were "feeling distressed about the impact of one's own death on loved ones" (52% patients) and "feeling distressed about running out of time with their loved one" (69% family caregivers). Patients who experienced high death anxiety were more likely to be younger (standardized ß = -0.1; p = .005) and have known about their diagnosis for less time (standardized ß = -0.10; p = .046). Being female predicted higher death anxiety in patients (ß = 0.12; p = .041) and family caregivers (ß = 0.32; p = .002). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that death anxiety is a common, clinically significant problem in patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers, emphasizing the need for targeted psychological support.

Mortality Salience and Death Anxiety: The Moderating Roles of Self-Esteem and Religiosity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mortality salience, death anxiety, and two moderating variables: self-esteem and religiosity. A total of 174 undergraduate students from the Mindanao State University-Main Campus in the Philippines were selected via convenience sampling. Specifically, the study was carried out to determine if both self-esteem and religiosity moderate the relationship between mortality salience and death anxiety. The results revealed that mortality salience was positively correlated with death anxiety among undergraduate students. Moreover, self-esteem significantly moderated the relationship between mortality salience and death anxiety, with low self-esteem enhancing this relationship. However, religiosity was found to be a non-significant moderator of the link between mortality salience and death anxiety. Overall, the findings of this study have implications for understanding these relationships and offer recommendations for further research.

Exploring Death Anxiety Among Older Adults: An Integrative Review of Associated Factors and Interventions.

With the aging of the population and the substantial surge of individuals above the age of 60, psychological concerns particular to this population have come to hold more weight on the healthcare and social levels. One of the concerns of older adults, which can significantly influence their psychological well-being, is the fear of inevitable mortality or death anxiety. This integrative review tackles the subject of death anxiety among older adults by providing a comprehensive synthesis of the factors associated with death anxiety and the effective interventions to mitigate it. A systematic screening of relevant articles was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. Content and thematic analysis of 46 selected articles were performed, from which five key themes emerged: demographic factors, psychological and psychosocial factors, spiritual and religious factors, death reminders, and effective interventions. The review contributes to the field of thanatology and offers clinical insights into the care of older adults.

The Inevitability of Death: Mental Simulation Moderates the Effect of Death Anxiety on Older Adults' Vulnerability to Fraud.

Death anxiety arousal is a common tactic in fraud targeting older adults; however, little is known about its impact on vulnerability to fraud and the moderating role of mental simulation. Two experiments were conducted using the mortality salience task. Experiment 1 employed a mortality salience manipulation to examine the causality of death anxiety arousal affecting older adults' vulnerability to fraud using a behavioral experiment. Experiment 2 used the imaginary priming paradigm to manipulate different types of mental simulation to address whether mental simulation could moderate the relationship between death anxiety and vulnerability to fraud. The results showed that death anxiety significantly increased the vulnerability to fraud. Process and downward outcome simulation buffered this effect, while upward outcome simulation exacerbated it. Clinicians may focus on relieving death anxiety, decreasing upward outcome simulation, and enhancing process or downward outcome simulation as promising pathways to protect older adults against fraud.

Effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy on Death Anxiety and Depression During the COVID-19 Disease: A Historical Approach.

This research study investigated the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) on depression and anxiety during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Nigeria. REBT is used in correcting irrational beliefs and behaviors. This study adopted a randomized pretest, post-test, control group design. Two trial-tested instruments covering; depression, anxiety, and irrational beliefs were for data collection. Data obtained with the instruments were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and analysis of variance. The study revealed that REBT was effective in reducing depression and death anxiety in COVID-19 patients. The result of this study also showed that the introduction of REBT helped to curb the spread of COVID-19 disease by letting Nigerians to know that the existence, mode of spread, and consequences of the disease is real and not a myth.

Ideological Rigidity and Political Conservatism in Relation to Death Anxiety and Reactions to Those With Different Beliefs.

This research tested the assumptions of Terror Management Theory (Pyszczynski et al., 2015) and conservatism as motivated social cognition (Jost et al., 2003) regarding how belief systems relate to existential anxiety. Conservatism as motivated social cognition posits that politically conservative ideologies are uniquely capable of minimizing fears about death. In contrast, TMT asserts that ideological rigidity is associated with less fear of death but it also promotes aggression and intolerance against those with different beliefs. The relation of ideological rigidity and political conservatism to death anxiety and intolerance of those who have differing worldviews was explored in a sample of American university students (n = 134) and of American respondents from the Prolific crowdsourcing platform (n = 199). The results from both samples supported the hypothesis that ideological rigidity was associated with more negative reactions to people with different beliefs. The results regarding death anxiety were more complicated. In the student sample, personal need for structure was the best predictor of death anxiety, with higher scores on personal need for structure being associated with more death anxiety. In the crowdsourcing sample, social conservatism was the best predictor of death anxiety, with more conservatism being associated with less death anxiety.

Quality of life and death anxiety among caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: the mediating effect of trait anxious personality and the moderating effect of social support.

PURPOSE: To explore the mediating role of trait anxious personality in the association between quality of life (QoL) and death anxiety (DA), as well as to test the moderating effect of social support in the mediation model. METHODS: The Death Anxiety Scale, Quality of Life Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale were used to measure 588 family caregivers of advanced cancer patients. We then constructed a moderated mediation model. RESULTS: The presence of QoL was negatively associated with DA (ß = - 0.67, p < 0.01). Trait anxious personality partially mediated the relationship between QoL and DA (indirect effect ß = - 0.08, p < 0.01). Social support moderated both the antecedent and subsequent segments of the mediating paths of "QoL → trait anxious personality → DA" and the direct relationship between QoL and DA. Among caregivers with a low level of social support, the mediating effect coefficient of trait anxious personality was higher at 0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.059-0.182), in contrast to caregivers with a high level of social support, where the mediating effect coefficient of trait anxious personality was 0.11 (95% CI: 0.029-0.072). CONCLUSION: QoL is directly associated with an increased risk of DA and indirectly related to DA by increasing the risk of trait anxious personality among caregivers. Social support can moderate the mediating effect of trait anxious personality and the relationship between QoL and DA. The intervention strategy for preventing DA among caregivers who have encountered QoL reduction should focus on reducing trait anxious personality and social support.

Death anxiety among caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: a cross-sectional survey.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate death anxiety (DA) in caregivers of patients with advanced cancer and identify associated factors in the context of Chinese culture. METHODS: Caregivers (N = 588) of advanced cancer patients in a tertiary cancer hospital completed anonymous questionnaire surveys. Measures included the Chinese version of the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (C-T-DAS), the Quality-of-Life Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation test, and linear regression. RESULTS: Respondents returned 588 (93.03%) of the 632 questionnaires. The total C-T-DAS score was 7.92 ± 2.68 points. The top-scoring dimension was "Stress and pain" (3.19 ± 1.29 points), followed by "Emotion" (2.28 ± 1.31 points) and "Cognition" (1.40 ± 0.94 points). In contrast, the lowest-scoring dimension was "Time" (1.06 ± 0.77 points). Factors associated with DA (R2 = 0.274, F = 13.348, p < 0.001) included quality of life (QoL), trait anxious personality, social support, caregiver length of care, caregiver gender, and patients' level of activities of daily living (ADL). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated high levels of DA in caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. Generally, female caregivers and those with low social support had high DA. Caregivers caring for patients with low ADL levels or with a low QoL and trait anxious personality reported high DA. Certain associated factors help to reduce caregivers DA. Social interventions are recommended to improve the end-of-life transition and trait anxious personality as well as quality of life for caregivers.

Systematic review on attitudes towards death and dying in adults 50 years and older living in countries with community transmission of COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored older adults' vulnerability to severe illness or death. Increased public awareness of mortality, with daily reminders of preventive measures, spurred interest in understanding the impact on death-related thoughts. This systematic review analyses existing literature on death attitudes among individuals aged 50 and older during the COVID-19 pandemic and focuses on associated factors. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using the WHO COVID database without any language limit, up until April 2023. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Included studies were systematically analysed and summarized using a predefined data extraction sheet. RESULTS: Of the 2297 studies identified, 9 met inclusion criteria. The review showed moderate to high levels of death anxiety during the pandemic, linked to direct health risks from COVID-19 rather than mitigation measures. The impact of health and personal factors on older people's death anxiety was complex, with a range of health and personal factors such as chronic conditions, loss of capacity, loneliness, occupation, and resilience associated with it, suggesting potential intervention avenues. CONCLUSION: The systematic review shows a significant link between COVID-19 and heightened death anxiety among individuals aged 50 and above. Negative attitudes to death can harm physical and mental health, diminish life satisfaction, increase avoidance behaviour, impair coping mechanism and undermine end-of-life decision making. Findings underscore the need for further research into risk and protective factors (personal, health, and environmental) and the importance of standardized data collection to guide interventions and public health strategies aimed at mitigating death anxiety.

Differential Anxiety Responses in Acute Myocardial Infarction vs. COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients.

Background and Objectives: Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns about the psychological impact of disease-related anxiety on public health have risen. This study aims to compare general and death anxiety levels between acute coronary artery syndrome and COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 132 individuals, including acute myocardial infarction (MI), COVID-19 pneumonia patients, and healthy volunteers from Trakya University Hospital (Turkey), was analyzed. Validated scales like the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form, and Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety Scale (TPDAS) were employed. Demographic data such as age, gender, income levels, employment status, presence of a close relative with COVID-19, and whether participants followed COVID-19-related news were collected and compared across groups with significance level of 0.05 set for all analyses. Results: Among 41 COVID-19, 41 MI, and 50 healthy subjects, the pneumonia group showed highest COVID-19 anxiety (p = 0.01) and BAI scores (p = 0.008). Both COVID-19 and MI patients had significantly higher BAI and TPDAS scores compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). Factors like female gender (p = 0.004), low education (p = 0.003), current employment (p = 0.008), and low income (p = 0.002) correlated with higher BAI scores. Low income (p = 0.001) and COVID-19 news exposure (p = 0.002) correlated with higher TPDAS scores. Males and married patients had lower anxiety scores (p = 0.008). High income, education, and employment reduced anxiety levels (p = 0.008). TPDAS scores decreased with higher income (p = 0.001), but increased in the MI group (p = 0.002) with COVID-19 news exposure. The multivariate linear regression analysis found that MI and COVID-19 pneumonia were associated with TPDAS; female gender, university education, and COVID-19 pneumonia with the Beck scale; and COVID-19 pneumonia with anxiety scores on the COVID-19 Anxiety scale. Conclusions: This research showcases differing anxiety patterns between illnesses such as MI and COVID-19 pneumonia amidst the pandemic, emphasizing the amplifying influence of media coverage on death-related anxieties. It underscores the imperative of targeted interventions and socioeconomic considerations in managing psychological consequences and formulating responsive public health strategies.

Harmony found: Serenity's crucial role in alleviating death anxiety through attachment styles among community-dwelling older adults.

OBJECTIVE: Explore the mediating effect of serenity in the relationships between attachment styles and death anxiety among older adults DESIGN: A descriptive correlational research design following Strengthening Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. METHODS: Data were collected from 250 older adults attending three clubs. TOOLS: Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety, Brief Serenity Scale, and Revised Adult Attachment Scale were used to collect data. RESULTS: Most participants exhibited high levels of serenity, with varying degrees of attachment styles and death anxiety. Correlation analysis indicates significant negative associations between death anxiety and serenity, as well as attachment styles. Secure attachment styles were positively correlated with serenity and negatively with death anxiety. Path analysis revealed that serenity partially mediated the relationship between attachment styles and death anxiety. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Fostering secure attachments and promoting serenity to mitigate death anxiety in older adults, enhancing later-life psychological well-being through informed interventions.

Death anxiety and religiosity in a multicultural sample: a pilot study examining curvilinearity, age and gender in Singapore.

This study investigated the association between multidimensional death anxiety and religiosity in multicultural Singapore by examining potential variations by age and gender. We also explored the possibility of a curvilinear effect, where highly religious or non-religious individuals report lower death anxiety than moderately religious people, forming an inverted U-curve pattern. Data were collected from 110 participants using questionnaires that assessed death anxiety and religiosity. Parametric and non-parametric tests were then conducted. The findings showed that women had significantly higher death anxiety and religiosity than men, and highly and moderately religious people had significantly higher death anxiety than non-religious people. People of all age groups had similar levels of death anxiety. These findings highlight the importance of developing targeted death anxiety interventions that integrate spiritual aspects in Singapore so that clinicians can provide culturally competent care.

The relationship between fear of cancer recurrence and death anxiety among Chinese cancer patients: the serial mediation model.

AIMS: This study aims to investigate the association between fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and death anxiety (DA) among Chinese cancer patients, while considering the mediating effects of experiential avoidance (EA) and meaning in life (MIL). METHODS: From February to June 2023, convenience sampling was used to select newly diagnosed cancer patients in a tertiary Cancer Hospital in Chinese Hunan Province as the survey objects. A total of 436 cancer patients completed the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, and the Templer's death anxiety scale. Descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS 28.0 software. Serial mediation analysis was performed by Hayes' PROCESS macro. RESULTS: Gender, age, educational level, marital status, residence, occupation, per capita monthly household income, tumor type, and cancer stage were controlled in the model. The results revealed that fear of cancer recurrence had a significant direct effect on death anxiety (Effect = 0.075, 95% CI: 0.064 to 0.087). Additionally, three indirect pathways were identified: (1) through experiential avoidance (Effect = 0.037, 95% CI: 0.026 to 0.049), (2) through meaning in life (Effect = 0.022, 95% CI: 0.014 to 0.031), and (3) through the serial mediators involving meaning in life and experiential avoidance (Effect = 0.016, 95% CI: 0.010 to 0.023). The total indirect effect of the three mediation paths was 63.56%. CONCLUSION: Fear of cancer recurrence is a significant psychological distress experienced by cancer patients, which not only directly contributes to death anxiety but also may triggers changes, such as experiential avoidance and meaning in life. Ultimately, this comprehensive psychological distress leads to death anxiety.

Correlation of death anxiety with coping strategies among Palestinian women with breast cancer: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Death anxiety and maladaptive coping accompany breast cancer diagnoses. The coping mechanisms and death anxiety among Palestinian patients with breast cancer have not been studied. Aim: To assess the prevalence of death anxiety and its relationship with coping strategies among Palestinian women with breast cancer who are treated in Beit Jala Governmental Hospital in Bethlehem. Method: A cross-sectional design was used, and 214 breast cancer patients who visited the Beit Jala Governmental Hospital in Bethlehem were recruited. Templer's Death Anxiety Scale and the Brief COPE Scale were used. To investigate the relationship between coping strategies and death anxiety, frequency, percentages, chi-square tests, and Pearson's correlation tests were utilized. Results: The results indicated that 58.40% of the patients experienced death anxiety. The participants who used positive reframing (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.487, p = < 0.026), self-blame (AOR = 1.309, p = < 0.023), and religion (AOR = 1.260, p = < 0.031) as coping mechanisms were more likely to experience death anxiety. Conversely, the participants who adopted substance use (AOR = 0.657, p < 0.005) and active coping (AOR = 0.629, p < 0.007) as coping strategies had a lower likelihood of experiencing death anxiety. Conclusion: The study revealed that breast cancer patients tended to use a combination of functional and emotional coping strategies and that a significant proportion of these patients (58.4%) experienced symptoms of death anxiety. This study emphasizes the significance of screening for death anxiety and understanding the coping strategies utilized by the patients. Gaining this understanding will assist in identifying patients who need more guidance and support.

Mediating effect of meaning in life on death anxiety and attitude toward palliative care among undergraduate nursing students.

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the mediating effect of meaning in life between death anxiety and attitude toward palliative care among nursing students. METHODS: We enrolled 363 undergraduate nursing students using a convenience sampling method as the respondents and conducted a survey using general information about nursing students, the Chinese version of the FATCOD-B Scale, the Chinese version of the Death Anxiety Scale, and the Chinese version of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. The SPSS25.0 statistical software was used to analyze the mediating effect. RESULTS: The mean total attitude score toward palliative care was (104.72 ± 10.62). Death anxiety had a significant negative predictive effect on the attitude toward palliative care (ß = -0.520, P < 0.01). When the mediating variable of the presence of meaning in life was included, the negative predictive effect of death anxiety on attitude toward palliative care remained significant (ß = -0.379, P = 0.036); the mediating effect (-0.141) accounted for 27.12% of the total impact (-0.520). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of meaning in life mediates the relationship between death anxiety and attitude toward palliative care. This implies that nursing educators, through their role in educating nursing students about the meaning of life, can significantly influence the development of a positive attitude toward palliative care.