Consumption of a Byproduct of Chia Seed Oil Extraction by Cold Pressing Ameliorates Cardiovascular Risks Factors in an Experimental Model of Metabolically Unhealthy Normal Weight.

The byproduct of Salvia hispanica (chia) seed oil extraction by cold pressing, also known as expeller, possesses a high nutritional value. It is rich in proteins, fibers, minerals, and has a residual oil content of 7-11%, which is rich in omega 3 linolenic acid (ALA). However, this byproduct has been historically undervalued. Thus, the aim of current work was to study the effects of consuming of a rich in chia expeller diet on a rabbit model of metabolically unhealthy normal weight to validate their use as a functional food. Rabbits were fed different diets for a period of 6 weeks: a standard diet (CD), a high-fat diet (HFD), a rich in expeller CD (Exp-CD) and a rich in expeller HFD (Exp-HFD). The Exp-HFD attenuated the rise in basal glucose, TyG index, triglycerides, cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol induced by the HFD. Both rich in expeller diets reduced mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and increase liver and fat ALA levels compared to their respective controls. Furthermore, the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was lower in the lungs of animals fed on rich in expeller diets compared to their respective controls. In vitro studies showed that ALA inhibited ACE activity. The evaluation of vascular reactivity revealed that rich in expeller diets improved angiotensin II affinity and reduced contractile response to noradrenaline. In conclusion, the consumption of rich in expeller diets showed beneficial effects in preventing cardiovascular risk factors such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and MAP. Therefore, its use as functional ingredient holds significant promise.

Causal relationship between dyslipidemia and risk of facial aging: Insights from Mendelian randomization in East Asian populations.

BACKGROUND: Emerging observational studies showed an association between dyslipidemia and aging. However, it remains unclear whether this association is causal, particularly in the case of Asians, which are aging more rapidly than other continents. Given the visible manifestations of aging often include changes in facial appearance, the objective of this study is to assess the causal relationship between dyslipidemia and facial aging in East Asian populations. METHODS: SNPs related to dyslipidemia in East Asian people such as Total cholesterol (TC), High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), Low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and Triglyceride (TG) along with outcomes data on facial aging, were extracted from public genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was then performed using publicly available GWAS data to investigate the potential causal relationship. The effect estimates were primarily calculated using the fixed-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. RESULTS: Totally, 88 SNPs related to HDL among 70657 East Asian participants in GWAS. Based on the primary causal effects model using MR analyses with the IVW method, high HDL level was demonstrated as significantly related to the risk of facial aging (OR, 1.060; 95% CI, 1.005-1.119, p = 0.034), while high TC level (OR, 0.995; 95% CI, 0.920-1.076, p = 0.903), high LDL level (OR, 0.980, 95% CI, 0.924-1.041, p = 0.515), as well as high TG level (OR, 0.999, 95% CI, 0.932-1.071, p = 0.974), showed no significant correlation with facial aging. CONCLUSIONS: The two-sample MR analysis conducted in this study revealed a positive causal relationship between high HDL levels and facial aging. In contrast, facial aging demonstrated no significant correlation with high levels of TC, LDL, or TG. Further large-sample prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and to provide appropriate recommendations regarding nutrition management to delay the aging process among old patients in East Asia.

The Role of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Metabolic Syndrome: Does It Affect the Outcomes?

Background Of all fatalities occurring globally each year caused by noncommunicable diseases, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity are associated with an increased risk of sudden death and cardiovascular mortality. Metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities are linked to OSA. The three essential elements of the metabolic syndrome are improper lipid metabolism, hypertension, and insulin resistance. The effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on metabolic syndrome elements and related symptoms and whether CPAP therapy helps reverse the syndrome was studied. Methods The present study is prospective pre-post research conducted at a tertiary care center in Nagpur, Hingna, India. The cases included were of moderate to severe or worse OSA, older than 18 years, willing for CPAP therapy with no previous or current CPAP therapy. They had a history of excessive drowsiness during the day. The cases excluded from the study were those with an active, persistent breathing ailment requiring treatment, intervention, or diagnosis of dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension, past or present, or evidence of damage to the vital end organs. Components of the metabolic syndrome were assessed at the beginning and end of three months of CPAP therapy. Findings Eighty-five cases were enrolled in the study, of which 79 completed it. The majority of cases were male, comprising 48 individuals, accounting for 60.8% of the total cohort. Additionally, 54 cases, representing 68.4% of the group, had hypertension. The average age of the participants was 53.95 years ± 6.84 years. The BMI mean was 30.4 kg/m2 ± 4.642, with a waist-hip ratio of 0.964 ± 0.056 and a neck circumference of 40.66 cm ± 3.37. The study population scored 12.53 ± 2,616 on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The study population's apnea-hypopnea index/respiratory disturbance index ratio was 16.118 ± 4.868, a moderate risk score. After three months of CPAP therapy, there was a significant improvement in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), tetraiodothyronine (T4), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and oxygen desaturation, and they were also statistically significant. In the study group, there was a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 2.21 mm Hg and 0.26 mm Hg, respectively. Other indicators, including HbA1c, fasting and post-meal blood sugar, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol, were significantly lower. We observed in the less than 50-year-old age group better improvement in systolic blood pressure of 0.49 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure improvement of 0.32 mm Hg, and fasting blood sugar improvement of 14.59 mg/dl, and in the age group of more than 50, better improvements in post-meal blood sugar of 9.7 mg/dl, along with a statistically significant change in triglyceride with an improvement of 16.26 mg/dl, P value less than 0.05. Interpretation After three months of CPAP therapy, there was a significant improvement in HbA1c, T4, HDL, and oxygen desaturation, and they were also statistically significant. Fourteen (17.72%) cases of post-CPAP therapy no longer met the requirements for the syndrome. There was an improvement in the blood pressure's diastolic and systolic values, fasting and post-prandial sugar levels, HbA1C, and triglyceride levels. Patients over 50 years old showed better improvement in post-meal and triglyceride levels. Females improved blood pressure and triglycerides, whereas males responded better to blood sugar levels.

Association between genetic variants of GRM7 (rs1396409 and rs9883258) and treatment outcomes in Schizophrenic Egyptian patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study evaluated the association between rs1396409 and rs9883258 and the risk of schizophrenia (SCZ) and treatment outcomes in Egyptian patients. METHODS: This study included 88 patients with SCZ and 88 healthy controls. Lipid profile was assayed. Genotyping of rs1396409 and rs9883258 polymorphisms was analyzed using real-time PCR. RESULTS: The rs1396409 AG genotype frequency was significantly associated with SCZ risk (p = 0.002). Also, significant increased risk of SCZ was observed under allelic (p = 0.001), dominant (p = 0.001) and overdominant (p = 0.001) genetic model of rs1396409. However, rs9883258 AA genotype revealed nonsignificant association with SCZ. Cases with the rs1396409AG genotype exhibited hypertriglyceridemia (p < 0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.001). In total, 72.3% and 74.5% of the cases presented with rs1396409 AG have negative symptoms (p = 0.022) and exhibited poor drug response (p = 0.023), respectively; all cases with rs1396409 GG genotype attempted suicide (p = 0.002) and are drug-free (p = 0.003). SCZ patients with negative symptoms had hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.008) mainly low-density lipoproteins (LDLc) (p = 0.016), and those with cognitive symptoms presented with low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDLc) (p = 0.023). Moreover, the multivariate regression analysis revealed that both rs1396409 G allele and HDLc were predictors of SCZ (p = 0.003 and 0.001, resp.). CONCLUSION: The current study concluded that metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (GRM7) rs1396409 AG could be a potential biomarker for SCZ diagnosis. It also revealed an independent association between the GRM7 rs1396409 G allele, HDLc and SCZ development.

Association of healthy lifestyle factors with the risk of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and their comorbidity in Korea: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2021.

Objectives: We investigated the association of individual healthy lifestyle factors (HLFs) and their combined healthy lifestyle score (HLS) with hypertension and/or dyslipidemia. Methods: We analyzed data from 10,693 adults aged ≥19 from the 2019 to 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. HLS was evaluated based on smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), diet, and physical activity. Using logistic regression models, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the associations of HLFs and HLS with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and their comorbidity. Results: The prevalence of hypertension alone, dyslipidemia alone, and their comorbidity was 8.69%, 24.6%, and 15.0%, respectively. Multivariable models showed an inverse association of hypertension (OR, 0.37; 95% CI; 0.30-0.46) and dyslipidemia (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.32-0.41) with healthy BMI. Hypertension was inversely associated with healthy alcohol consumption (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.35-0.61) and diet (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-0.99), whereas dyslipidemia was inversely associated with non-smoking (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.43-0.60). Physical activity was inversely associated with their comorbidity (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.85). Adherence to HLS was associated with significantly lower odds of hypertension (81%), dyslipidemia (66%), and their conditions (89%) (all ptrend<0.001). Stratified analyses consistently showed inverse associations between HLS and hypertension and/or dyslipidemia independently of demographic factors (pinteractions>0.05). Conclusion: HLFs were associated with lower risk for hypertension and/or dyslipidemia. Obesity may contribute significantly to the risk of these conditions, while relevant HLFs for individual chronic diseases may vary significantly.

Dyslipidemia, Cholangitis and Fatty Liver Disease: The Close Underexplored Relationship: A Narrative Review.

In assessing individual cardiovascular risk, dyslipidemia is known for emerging as a pivotal factor significantly contributing to major cardiovascular events. However, dyslipidemic patients frequently present with concurrent medical conditions, each with varying frequencies of occurrence; cholangitis, whether acute or chronic, and hepatic steatosis, along with associated conditions, are strongly associated with specific forms of dyslipidemia, and these associations are reasonably well elucidated. Conversely, evidence linking biliary disease to hepatic steatosis is comparatively scant. This narrative review aims to bridge this gap in knowledge concerning the interplay between dyslipidemia, cholangitis, and hepatic steatosis. By addressing this gap, clinicians can better identify patients at heightened risk of future major cardiovascular events, facilitating more targeted interventions and management strategies. The review delves into the intricate relationships between dyslipidemia and these hepatic and biliary clinical conditions, shedding light on potential mechanisms underlying their associations. Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for optimizing cardiovascular risk assessment as well and devising tailored treatment approaches for patients with dyslipidemia and associated hepatic disorders. Moreover, elucidating these connections empowers clinicians with the knowledge needed to navigate the multifaceted landscape of cardiovascular risk assessment and management effectively. By exploring the intricate relationships between dyslipidemia, cholangitis, and hepatic steatosis (without forgetting the possible clinical consequences of hepatic steatosis itself), this review not only contributes to the existing body of knowledge but also offers insights into potential avenues for further research and clinical practice. Thus, it serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals striving to enhance patient care and outcomes in the context of cardiovascular disease and associated hepatic conditions.

Gender Differences in Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dyslipidemia in Initial-Treatment and Drug-Naïve Schizophrenia Patients.

Background: Dyslipidemia is frequently comorbid with schizophrenia (SCZ), and both conditions often demonstrate significant gender differences in their clinical features. This study specifically focuses on investigating the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the factors that contribute to it in initial-treatment and drug-naïve (ITDN) SCZ patients, specifically focusing on gender differences. Methods: A total of 224 male ITDN SCZ patients and 424 female ITDN SCZ patients were included in this study. Socio-demographic and general clinical data of the patients were collected, and routine biochemical parameters, such as lipid levels, fasting blood glucose, thyroid function, renal function, and blood cell counts, were measured. Patients were also assessed for psychopathology and disease severity using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale - Severity of Illness (CGI-SI), respectively. In addition, a lipids score was calculated for assessing the severity of dyslipidemia. Results: The study revealed that the prevalence of dyslipidemia in male patients was 34.02% (83/224), whereas 33.25% (141/424) in females, indicating no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 0.04, p = 0.841). For males, the risk factors for dyslipidemia were high education levels and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), while red blood cell count (RBC) as a protective factor. Additionally, DBP was identified as a risk factor for dyslipidemia score. In females, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was identified as a risk factor for dyslipidemia, while being married and creatinine (CRE) levels were found to be protective factors. Moreover, SBP was revealed as a risk factor for dyslipidemia score. Conclusion: No significant gender differences were observed in the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the ITDN SCZ patients. However, notable gender differences were identified in the factors influencing dyslipidemia and its severity within this group. These findings suggest the necessity of implementing gender-specific interventions to address the potential risk factors associated with dyslipidemia.

Connecting impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia.

A State of the Art lecture entitled "Connecting Fibrinolysis and Dyslipidemia" was presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress 2023. Hemostasis balances the consequences of blood clotting and bleeding. This balance relies on the proper formation of blood clots, as well as the breakdown of blood clots. The primary mechanism that breaks down blood clots is fibrinolysis, where the fibrin net becomes lysed and the blood clot dissolves. Dyslipidemia is a condition where blood lipid and lipoprotein levels are abnormal. Here, we review studies that observed connections between impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia. We also summarize the different correlations between thrombosis and dyslipidemia in different racial and ethnic groups. Finally, we summarize relevant and new findings on this topic presented during the 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress. More studies are needed to investigate the mechanistic connections between impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia and whether these mechanisms differ in racially and ethnically diverse populations.

Effect of metformin adjunct therapy on cardiometabolic parameters in Indian adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Insulin resistance is being increasingly reported in type-1 Diabetes (T1D) and is known to accelerate microvascular complications. The Asian Indian population has a higher risk of double diabetes development compared to Caucasians. Hence, we studied the effect of adding Metformin to standard insulin therapy on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity (IS), cardiometabolic parameters and body composition in Indian adolescents with T1D. Methods: A Randomized controlled trial was conducted spanning 9 months (Registration number:CTRI/2019/11/022126). Inclusion: Age 10-19 years, T1D duration>1year, HbA1c>8% Exclusion: Uncontrolled vascular complications/comorbidities, Metformin intolerance, concomitant drugs affecting insulin sensitivity. Participants were randomized to Metformin/Placebo (n=41 each) groups and age, sex, duration-matched. Assessments were performed at baseline, 3 and 9 months. Results: 82 participants aged 14.7 ± 3years (40 females) were enrolled, with a mean diabetes duration of 5.2 ± 2.3 years. Over 9 months, HbA1c decreased significantly by 0.8 (95% confidence interval: -1.2 to -0.3) from 9.8 ± 1.8% to 9.1 ± 1.7% on Metformin but remained largely unchanged (difference of 0.2, 95% confidence interval: -0.7 to 0.2) i.e. 9.9 ± 1.6% and 9.7 ± 2.2% on placebo. HbA1c improvement correlated negatively with baseline IS (EGDR:r= -0.3;SEARCH:r = -0.24, p<0.05) implying better HbA1c-lowering in those with decreased initial IS. CGM-based glycemic variability (standard deviation) reduced by 6.3 mg/dL (95% confidence interval: -12.9 to 0.2) from 100.2 ± 19.1 mg/dL to 93.7 ± 19.9 mg/dL in those on Metformin (p=0.05) but not placebo (94.0 ± 20.5; 90.0 ± 22.6 mg/dL). Insulin sensitivity: CACTIexa & SEARCH scores demonstrated no change with Metformin but significant worsening on placebo. Significant increase in LDL-C(42%), total cholesterol(133.6 to 151.1 mg/dL), triglyceride (60.0 to 88.0 mg/dL) and carotid intima-media thickness was noted on placebo but not Metformin. Weight, BMI, fat Z-scores increased significantly on placebo but not Metformin. Adverse events (AE) were minor; AE, compliance and safety parameters were similar between the two groups. Conclusion: Metformin as an adjunct to insulin in Asian Indian adolescents with T1D demonstrated beneficial effect on glycemic control, glycemic variability, IS, lipid profile, vascular function, weight and body fat, with a good safety profile when administered for 9 months.

Evaluation of a Lipid Profile in Normoglycemic and Pre-diabetic Saudi Office Employees in Makka Region: A Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a significant health challenge worldwide. The impact of a sedentary lifestyle in predicting and managing complications of diabetes represents an urgent need for health strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile among normoglycemic and prediabetic Saudi office workers. METHODS: The research was a case-control study carried out in Makkah al-Mukarramah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA). Seventy-five office worker volunteers between the ages of 19 and 45 years were recruited for the study. The participants were divided into two groups: a control group of non-diabetic normal subjects (NGT) and prediabetic subjects with impaired fasting plasma glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), based on the American Diabetes Association recommendations. Measurements of glucose, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were performed using standard procedures and commercial kits. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the lipid profile in the two groups, and a P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A proportion (58.7%) of the office workers are prediabetics; prediabetic office workers had higher total cholesterol compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Triglyceride levels were higher in office workers with prediabetes compared to the normoglycemic group (p < 0.05). LDL levels were elevated in the prediabetic office workers compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Office employees with prediabetes exhibit elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL. The disturbance in lipid profile may be linked to impaired glucose tolerance in individuals with a sedentary lifestyle, such as office workers.

The Effect of BMI and Lipid Metabolism on Pregnancy Outcomes of PCOS Patients Treated with ICSI_IVF.

Background and Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a highly prevalent and important cause of infertility. This complication demonstrates relationships with obesity, increased androgen production, and insulin resistance. The typical pattern of dyslipidemia in women with PCOS is a decrease in high-density lipoprotein and an increase in triglycerides. On the other hand, fat people are at a higher risk of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and infertility compared to ordinary people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 patients under 40 years suffering from PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria, who were candidates for in vitro fertilization (IVF), were examined at Yas Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from April to September 2022. In addition to demographic information, lipid profile, body mass index, obstetric, fasting blood sugar (FBS), beta HCG (negative or positive), and ultrasound were also checked and pregnancy status was checked six weeks later. Results: The rate of clinical and chemical pregnancy in women with a normal BMI was about two times that of women with a BMI above 25 kg/m2. In addition, the pregnancy rate in women with dyslipidemia was significantly lower than that in ordinary women. The amount of FBS was substantially lower in people with positive pregnancies. Conclusion: The probability of pregnancy in PCOS women with a BMI is higher than normal women, and dyslipidemia is lower than that in ordinary people. Therefore, enhancing BMI and dyslipidemia in these women before starting infertility treatment is recommended.

Relationship of serum and dietary vitamin D with high cardiometabolic risk in Mexican systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A cross-sectional study.

Objetive: Serum and dietary vitamin D could influence clinical disease activity and cardiometabolic outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to assess the relationship of serum and dietary vitamin D with cardiometabolic risk in Mexican SLE patients and healthy subjects (HS).Methods: 224 SLE patients and 201 HS were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum calcidiol was measured using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Vitamin D dietary intake was assessed by collecting three 24h food records. Dietary patterns (DPs) were identified using principal component analysis (PCA). Cardiometabolic status was analyzed through biochemical measurements and cardiometabolic indexes.Results: Calcidiol deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was associated with 1.66-fold higher risk of excess weight by body mass index (BMI) (≥25 kg/m2) (p = .02), 2.25-fold higher risk to low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (<40 mg/dL) (p < .001), and 1.74-fold higher risk to high triglycerides (TG) ≥150 mg/dL (p = .02). Inadequate vitamin D dietary intake was associated with 1.92-fold higher risk of presenting non-healthy waist circumference (WC) (>80 cm) (p < .01), 2.05-fold higher risk of android waist to hip ratio (WHR ≥85) (p < .01), and 1.72-fold higher risk to excess weight (p = .02). Non-adherence to a DP rich in vitamin D food sources was associated with higher WC, WHR, triglycerides, and lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C); furthermore, in HS, non-adherence to the DP rich in vitamin D food sources provided 2.11-fold higher risk to calcidiol deficiency.In Cconclusion: A pattern of Calcidiol deficiency, inadequate vitamin D dietary intake, and non-adherence to a DP rich in vitamin D food sources was related to high cardiometabolic risk in SLE patients and HS.

Association of atherosclerosis indices, serum uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and triglycerides-glucose index with hypertension: A gender-disaggregated analysis.

This study assessed the association between atherosclerosis indices, serum uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the prevalence of hypertension among MASHAD cohort participants. In this cross-sectional study, the participants were divided into hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects. The atherosclerosis indices, UHR and TyG index of the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations of these indices with hypertension in both sex. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to establish the cut-off values for differentiating hypertensive from non-hypertensive subjects. p-values < .05 were considered statistically significant. Data related to 9675 subjects (3035 hypertensive and 6640 non-hypertensive) were analyzed. The mean values of atherosclerosis indices, UHR and TyG index were significantly higher (p < .001) in the hypertensives compared to non-hypertensives. After adjustment for potential confounders, among men, the TyG index (OR = 1.360; 95% CI: 1.210-1.530; p < .001) remained an independent factor for hypertension. Among women, atherogenic index of plasma (OR = 1.005; 95% CI: 1.002-1.007; p < .001), UHR (OR = 1.043; 95% CI: 1.026-1.060; p < .001) and TyG index (OR = 1.519; 95% CI: 1.376-1.677; p < .001) remained independent factors for hypertension. ROC curve analysis revealed that compare to the other indices, TyG index had a better predictive value for hypertension in both sex, especially in women.

Lipid Profile Perturbations Associated With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Descriptive Study.

Background Hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with dyslipidemia, which increases cardiovascular risk. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and their correlation in a diverse population. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional retrospective analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with SCH. Data were collected over 19 months from the Clinical Biochemistry Department of a Moroccan university hospital. A total of 447 patients were included based on comprehensive lipid profile and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) assessments, and normal free thyroxine (FT4) levels. Lipid profile and TSH measurements followed standardized procedures using the Cobas Roche® 6000 system (Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Indianapolis, USA). Dyslipidemia and SCH were defined according to established thresholds recommended by reputable organizations. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA) and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA), with significance set at p < 0.05. Results In the total population (447 individuals), the prevalence of dyslipidemia was approximately 42.05% (N = 188), with hypoHDLemia being most prevalent at approximately 31.31% (N = 140). The prevalence of SCH was approximately 12.75% (N = 57), with women constituting approximately 7.6% and men approximately 5.15%. In the euthyroid group 1 (N = 390), the prevalence of dyslipidemia was approximately 40.76% (159 individuals), while in the hypothyroid group 2 (N = 57), it increased to approximately 50.87% (N = 29). Hypertriglyceridemia was more prevalent in Group 2, with a prevalence of approximately 21.05% (N = 12), compared to Group 1, which had a prevalence of approximately 13.84% (N = 54). Additionally, hypoHDLemia was notably higher in Group 2, with a prevalence of approximately 38.59% (N = 22), compared to Group 1, which had a prevalence of approximately 30.25% ( N = 118). The chi-square test revealed a significant association between SCH and dyslipidemia (χ2 = 1.427, p < 0.05). The calculated odds ratio (OR) of 1.5 (p < 0.05) indicates that individuals with SCH are 1.5 times more likely to have dyslipidemia compared to those without SCH. Conclusion In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with SCH in our patient population. We observed a notable prevalence of dyslipidemia among individuals with SCH, characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Importantly, while chi-square tests revealed a significant association between SCH and dyslipidemia, logistic regression analyses did not confirm a statistically significant correlation after adjusting for potential confounders.

The Impact of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery on Apo B100 Levels in Individuals with high BMI: A Multi-Centric Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic and Bariatric surgery (MBS) leads to significant weight loss and improvements in obesity-related comorbidities. However, the impact of MBS on Apolipoprotein B100 (Apo-B100) regulation is unclear. Apo-B100 is essential for the assembly and secretion of serum lipoprotein particles. Elevated levels of these factors can accelerate the development of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels. This study aimed to evaluate changes in Apo-B100 levels following MBS. METHODS: 121 participants from the Iranian National Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Database (INOSD) underwent Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) (n = 43), One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) (n = 70) or Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) (n = 8). Serum Apo-B100, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, and fasting glucose were measured preoperatively and six months postoperatively. RESULTS: Apo-B100 levels significantly decreased from 94.63 ± 14.35 mg/dL preoperatively to 62.97 ± 19.97 mg/dL after six months (p < 0.01), alongside reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, AST, and ALT (p < 0.05). Greater Apo-B100 reductions occurred in non-diabetics versus people with diabetes (p = 0.012) and strongly correlated with baseline Apo-B100 (r = 0.455, p < 0.01) and LDL levels (r = 0.413, p < 0.01). However, surgery type did not impact Apo-B100 changes in multivariate analysis (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery leads to a significant reduction in Apo-B100 levels and improvements in lipid profiles and liver enzymes, indicating a positive impact on dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in individuals with high BMI.

Dyslipidemia in children with chronic kidney disease-findings from the Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease (4C) study.

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is an important and modifiable risk factor for CVD in children with CKD. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of baseline serum lipid levels in a large prospective cohort study of children with stage 3-5 (predialysis) CKD, frequencies of abnormal lipid levels and types of dyslipidemia were analyzed in the entire cohort and in subpopulations defined by fasting status or by the presence of nephrotic range proteinuria. Associated clinical and laboratory characteristics were determined by multivariable linear regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 681 patients aged 12.2 ± 3.3 years with a mean eGFR of 26.9 ± 11.6 ml/min/1.73 m2 were included. Kidney diagnosis was classified as CAKUT in 69%, glomerulopathy in 8.4%, and other disorders in 22.6% of patients. Nephrotic range proteinuria (defined by a urinary albumin/creatinine ratio > 1.1 g/g) was present in 26.9%. Dyslipidemia was found in 71.8%, and high triglyceride (TG) levels were the most common abnormality (54.7%). Fasting status (38.9%) had no effect on dyslipidemia status. Except for a significant increase in TG in more advanced CKD, lipid levels and frequencies of dyslipidemia were not significantly different between CKD stages. Hypertriglyceridemia was associated with younger age, lower eGFR, shorter duration of CKD, higher body mass index (BMI-SDS), lower serum albumin, and higher diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidemia involving all lipid fractions, but mainly TG, is present in the majority of patients with CKD irrespective of CKD stage or fasting status and is significantly associated with other cardiovascular risk factors.

Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Master Paralympic Athletes, a High-Risk Undertreated Population: A Cross-Sectional Longitudinal Study.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, European Society of Cardiology (ESC) validated a prediction model to estimate 10-year fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease risk (CVDR) in individuals (aged 40-60 years) without previous cardiovascular disease or diabetes (ESC-SCORE2) and to provide indications for treatment. At present, data describing the CVDR in Paralympic athletes (PAs) are scarce and inconsistent. Therefore, we sought to assess the prevalence of risk factors in PAs to estimate their CVDR through SCORE2. METHODS: We enrolled 99 PAs aged ≥ 40 y.o., who participated at 2012-2022 Paralympic Games, competing in 22 different sport disciplines classified according to sport type (power, skills, endurance and mixed) and disabilities: spinal cord injuries (SCI) and non-SCI. CVDR factors, anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected. RESULTS: Among the 99 PAs (78% males, mean age 45.7 ± 4.7 y.o.), 52.5% had SCI; 54% were dyslipidemic and 23% were smokers. According to ESC-SCORE2, 29% had high and 1% very-high CVDR. Women (compared to men) and endurance (compared to other sport) exhibited better CV profile. SCI showed no differences when compared with non-SCI for CVDR, excepted for a lower HDL and lower exercise performance. None of the dyslipidemic athlete was on pharmacologically treatment, despite the altered lipid profile had already been detected at younger age. CONCLUSION: PAs are a selected population, presenting a high CV risk profile, with 30% showing either high or very-high CVDR according to ESC-SCORE2. Dyslipidemia was the most common risk factor, underestimated and undertreated, emphasizing the need for specific preventive strategies in this special setting of athletes.

The abnormalities of lipid metabolism in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder and relationship with suicidal ideation and attempted suicide.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a widespread health issue in many countries, which has an extremely negative impact on the health of children and adolescents in particular. In the context of depression and metabolic disorders, dyslipidemia and metabolism-related problems become more prominent comorbidities. However, they continue to be the main barrier to the successful recovery of the clinical progress. In this study we investigated the rate of dyslipidemia, additional risk factors among Chinese children and adolescents with MDD, and association of the suicidal behavior with lipid levels. Methods: The study took 756 people from the Third People's Hospital of Fuyang between January 2020 and December 2021, aged between 8 and 18, with major depressive disorders diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). We determined the FBG (fasting blood glucose) and lipid parameters in all subjects and also investigated the history of suicidal ideation, the cases of attempted suicide, and the scores of depressive symptoms. Sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered and analyzed using the SPSS-23.0 version. Results: The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-C, and low HDL-C were 5.42 % (41/756), 10.58 % (80/756), 3.84 % (29/756) and 5.42 % (41/756) respectively. For hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, they were positive associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, and the positive correlation is shown between low HDL-C levels and suicide attempts. Nevertheless, non-ideation and inversely suicidal attempts were not discovered among high-LDL-C subjects. Logistic analysis showed that high levels of FBG (OR = 2.86, 95 % CI: 1.31-6.25, P = 0.008) and worse LDL-C (OR = 357.82, 95 % CI: 66.16-1935.10, P < 0.001) are the independent associated factors for hypercholesterolemia. More hospitalizations (OR = 1.89, 95 % CI: 1.07-3.35, P = 0.028), obesity (OR = 2.55, 95 % CI: 1.25-5.18, P = 0.010), high levels of TC (OR = 2.15, 95 % CI: 1.03-4.48, P = 0.042), and higher doses of antidepressants (OR = 1.02, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.04, P = 0.029) were independently associated factors for hypertriglyceridemia, while high levels of HDL-C (OR = 0.11, 95 % CI: 0.04-0.31, P < 0.001) were protective factors. In addition, high levels of TC (OR = 113.94, 95 % CI: 20.01-648.85) were statistically different (P < 0.001) and suggested that the factor was significantly related to high LDL-C. Meanwhile, older age (OR = 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.52, P = 0.030) and high levels of TG (OR = 3.00, 95 % CI: 1.98-4.55, P < 0.001) were independent factors contributing to low HDL-C. Conclusion: The high prevalence of dyslipidemia in childhood and adolescence among children and adolescents with depressive disorder has become a public health issue. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia showed a positive correlation with suicidal thoughts and suicidal attempts. Monitoring the incidence of suicidal thoughts and attempts among them would carry some predictor meaning in therapy and for jumping back to health.

Associations between dietary diversity and dyslipidemia among Japanese workers: cross-sectional study and longitudinal study findings.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the associations between dietary diversity and risk of dyslipidemia in Japanese workers. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 1399 participants aged 20-63 years and the longitudinal study included 751 participants aged 20-60 years in 2012-2013 (baseline) who participated at least once from 2013 to 2017 with cumulative participation times of 4.9 times. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary diversity score (DDS) was determined using the Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed when at least one of the following conditions was met: hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, high non-HDL-cholesterol, and a history of dyslipidemia. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dyslipidemia with control of confounding factors in cross-sectional analysis. Generalized estimating equations were used for calculating the ORs (95% CI) for dyslipidemia in the follow-up period according to the DDS at baseline with control of confounding factors in longitudinal analysis. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analysis showed that the highest DDS reduced the odds of dyslipidemia in men (OR [95% CI] in Tertile 3: 0.67 [0.48-0.95], p value = 0.023). In longitudinal analysis, a moderate DDS reduced the risk of dyslipidemia (OR [95% CI] in Tertile 2: 0.21 [0.07-0.60], p value = 0.003) in women. CONCLUSIONS: The results of cross-sectional analysis in this study suggest that the higher diversity of diet might reduce the presence of dyslipidemia in men and the results of longitudinal analysis suggest that a moderate DDS might reduce the risk of dyslipidemia in women. Further studies are needed since the results of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in this study were inconsistent.

[Cardiometabolic effects of weight loss]. / Efectos cardiometabólicos de la pérdida de peso.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity, and, consequently, associated comorbidities, is increasing significantly worldwide. The guidelines recommend a percentage of weight loss> 5% to achieve beneficial effects on metabolic comorbidities associated with obesity. Furthermore, greater weight losses (> 10%) produce more significant improvements, and may even produce remission of some of these comorbidities. In this chapter, we review the evidence of the effect of weight loss through different strategies (lifestyle intervention, pharmacological treatment, or bariatric surgery) on the main cardiometabolic pathologies associated with excess adipose tissue (type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality).