Construction of special music educational objectives based on ICF and Hauenstein taxonomy of educational objectives / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo construct a special music education goal framework with functional orientation and behavioral integration. MethodsUtilizing the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) theory and the Hauenstein educational objectives taxnomony, and by analyzing the core content of the China Special Education School Compulsory Education Curriculum Standards (2016 edition), objectives for special music education were constructed. A method is established based on the ICF and the functional characteristics of special-needs children to adjust the objectives of special music education. ResultsThe framework system of special music education goals should follow the principles of functional orientation, adaptability and inclusiveness. The framework mainly composed of the goals of cognitive domain, psycho-motor domain, emotional domain and behavioral field, and the goals of each domain could be divided into five levels according to the level of development and achievement. The cognitive domain mainly focused on feeling and appreciation, which made a foundation for music learning. The psychomotor domain developed the movements, skills and related abilities of musical performance. The emotional domain focused on the impact of special music education on behaviors in terms of emotions, values, and beliefs. The behavioral domain was the synthesization of the cognitive, emotional and psychomotor domains, to enable students to use musical elements and skills to create musical works and performance. The music education objectives should be adjusted according to students' functional and developmental levels and special music learning needs. For the cognitive domain, visual support, simplification and repetition might be useful. For the psychomotor domain, visual aids, multisensory experiences and supportive technological equipment might be needed. For the emotional domain, scenario simulation, role play and music environment setting could be used to promote the connection among music and the individual and the world. For the behavioral domain, creating an inclusive environment, affirming and encouraging, and providing opportunities for creative expression might help the students apply the musical elements and techniques. ConclusionBased on the ICF theory and the Hauenstein educational objectives taxnomony theory, and referencing the China Special Education School Compulsory Education Curriculum Standards (2016 edition), this study constructed an educational objectives framework for special music. Principles for building functionally oriented, adaptive, and inclusive music education were proposed, as well as a systematic method for adjusting the objectives of special music education.

Veterinary Students' Use of Learning Objectives.

Learning objectives (LO) are the foundation of a competency-based curriculum, but no studies assess how students use LO for exam preparation and/or their general attitudes toward LO. Therefore, the objectives were to evaluate how much veterinary students use LO to study, assess student attitudes toward simple and expanded LO, and determine if LO type impacts grade performance. An alternative-treatment design with pre-test and nonrandom groups was used. Veterinary students in the Endocrine Systems course in the 2019 spring (n = 89) and fall (n = 86) semesters were invited to participate and provided with simple and expanded LO, respectively. After an examination, participants completed an online survey before and after receiving their grade. Overall, 114 students (65%) responded. The percentage of students using simple versus expanded LO was not statistically different (χ2 = 1.874, df = 1, p = .171). Fifty-five students did not use LO; the majority (76.4%) preferred other study methods. Independent samples t-tests found no significant differences in student perceptions of helpfulness (t(30) = -1.118, p = .272), format (t(29) = 0.813, p = .423), or relevance (t(30) = 0.326, p = .747) between simple and expanded LO. Students agreed that LO were helpful (M = 3.33) and well formatted (M = 3.42) and that the provided information was relevant and detailed (M = 3.36). An ANOVA tested whether exam grade differed between students using simple versus expanded LO and for students who did not use LO; no significant differences were found (F(2,78) = .087, p = .917). In conclusion, students did not prefer more detailed LO and LO use did not impact grade performance.

Virtual reality simulations in nurse education: A systematic mapping review.

OBJECTIVES: Simulation-based learning is widely used in nurse education, including virtual reality (VR) methods which have experienced a major growth lately. Virtual reality offers risk free and contactless learning. Currently, little is known about what topics of nursing are adopted for VR simulations and how their design meets various educational goals. This review aims to scope existing articles on educational VR nursing simulations, and to analyse approaches from didactic and technical perspectives. METHOD: A systematic mapping review following the PRISMA-ScR guideline and PICo search strategy was conducted. Peer reviewed articles in English and German were searched across Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, ERIC and The Cochrane Library. Studies had to include at least one immersive head-mounted display VR simulation in the field of nursing education. Data extraction and analysis was performed in a narrative, graphical and tabular way. RESULTS: Twenty-two articles were identified. There is a large variety in the use and definition of VR simulation for educational purposes. Simulations were classified into four main educational objectives: procedural skills training to improve technical knowledge and proficiency; emergency response training that focusses on confidence; soft skills training that teaches empathy; and finally, psychomotor skills training. Various approaches and simulation designs were implemented to achieve these educational outcomes. A few of them were highly innovative in providing an immersive experience to learn complex tasks, e.g. auscultation, or foster empathy by mimicking life with dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in the use of state-of-the-art VR nursing simulations, there is still a paucity of studies on immersive HMD based VR scenarios. Researchers designing educational VR packages need to be clear on terminology. In order to make full use of VR, designers should consider including haptic devices to practise psychomotor skills and include social interaction to teach soft skills.

Motivational Profiles in High School Students: Generation and Use of Volitional Strategies / Perfis Motivacionais em Estudantes do Ensino Médio: Geração e Uso de Estratégias Volitivas / Perfiles Motivacionales en Estudiantes de Bachillerato: Generación y Uso de Estrategias Volitivas

Abstract This research had as its main purpose to analyze the generation and use of volitional strategies - motivational and emotional control -, based on the motivational profile of the students, through a mixed methodology. Two standardized instruments (CMA and AVSI) were applied to 204 Mexican high school students, between 16 and 18, to identify their motivational profile. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to understand how they generate the volitional strategies they use. Results show that most students adopted a profile oriented to multiple goals, characterized by more volitional strategies use. They also stated that they used volitional strategies to concentrate on studying and have time to perform other tasks. It is considered necessary to design programs that promote volitional strategies, strengthening the commitment and sustained effort required to achieve academic goals in high school.

Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a geração e o uso de estratégias volitivas - controle motivacional e emocional -, com base no perfil motivacional dos alunos, utilizando uma metodologia mista. Dois instrumentos padronizados (CMA y AVSI) foram aplicados em 204 estudantes mexicanos do ensino médio, entre 16 e 18 anos, a fim de identificar seu perfil motivacional e o uso de estratégias volitivas. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas para entender como geram as estratégias volitivas por eles utilizadas. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos alunos adotou um perfil orientado para objetivos múltiplos, caracterizado por uma maior utilização de estratégias volitivas. Eles também afirmaram que usavam estratégias volitivas principalmente para se concentrar no estudo e ter tempo para realizar outras tarefas. Considera-se necessário desenhar programas que promovam estratégias volitivas e que fortaleçam o comprometimento e esforço sustentado, condições necessárias para atingir os objetivos acadêmicos no ensino médio.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como propósito principal analizar la generación y uso de estrategias volitivas - de control motivacional y emocional -, en función del perfil motivacional de los estudiantes, mediante una metodología mixta. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos estandarizados (CMA y AVSI) a 204 estudiantes de Bachillerato mexicanos, entre 16 y 18 años, para identificar su perfil motivacional. Asimismo, se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas para comprender cómo generan las estrategias volitivas que utilizan. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos en su mayoría adoptaron un perfil orientado a metas múltiples, caracterizado por un mayor uso de estrategias volitivas. Además, manifestaron usar estrategias volitivas principalmente para concentrarse en el estudio y tener tiempo para realizar otras tareas. Se considera necesario diseñar programas que promuevan el uso de estrategias volitivas, que fortalezcan el compromiso y esfuerzo sostenido necesarios para el logro de las metas académicas en el bachillerato.

Needs assessment of the public health curriculum based on the first-level health services package in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

INTRODUCTION: After graduation, public health students should be able to work as health care givers providing first-level health care services. Therefore, the educational objectives of public health bachelor's programs should ensure that they acquire the capabilities necessary for this purpose. This study identified the educational objectives that are essential for these students and compared them with the current curriculum in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: This needs assessment study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the essential educational objectives were identified using a qualitative approach, which involved eight focus group discussions held by a group consisting of experts of the public health headquarters and public health network administration offices of Isfahan province and the public health graduates working in the province's comprehensive health service centers, who were chosen using the purposive sampling method (n = 59). In the second phase, a comparative study was performed by turning the list of essential educational objectives into a checklist and using it to compare these objectives with the objectives in the current course plan in the examined curriculum. In the end, a list of educational objectives not included in the current curriculum of the public health bachelor's program was created. RESULTS: The focus group discussions produced 433 educational objectives in the cognitive domain, 79 objectives in the affective domain, and 179 objectives in the psychomotor domain, which were arranged in eight competency categories. Comparison of the essential educational objectives with the current curriculum showed that the current curriculum does not cover any of the essential objectives regarding care for the age groups of 18-29 and 30-59 and the first aid and only partially covers essential objectives in other competency categories. CONCLUSION: This study found that considering the requirements of first-level health services and the tasks expected from public health graduates to be providing these services, the current curriculum does not cover all essential learning objectives and should be revised to meet additional essential educational objectives.

An analysis of verbs used in the course outcomes of outcome-based integrated courses at a medical school based on the taxonomy of educational objectives.

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to analyze the course outcomes of integrated courses of a medical school that introduced an outcome-based curriculum and to suggest ways to improve techniques in the description of outcomes. METHODS: In order to investigate the course outcomes of 39 courses in the first and second grades at Kyungpook National University School of Medicine in Korea, verbs for the course outcome were classified according to Bloom's taxonomy and frequency analysis was completed. The appropriateness of use of verbs in description of the outcomes was also analyzed. RESULTS: The total number of course outcomes for both grades was 497. The number of course outcomes per credit ranged from a minimum of 0.9 to a maximum of 22.0. Most of the course outcomes were classified as the comprehension domain according to Bloom's taxonomy. The most frequently used verb was "explain," accounting for 61.0% (n=303) of the entire course outcome verbs. Some verbs in the outcomes, however, were unmeasurable. CONCLUSION: The major findings of this study include the followings. First, the number of course outcomes varied according to courses. Second, several course outcomes included unmeasurable verbs. Finally, most of the verbs used to describe course outcome belonged to the two lower levels of Bloom's taxonomy-knowledge and comprehension. In order to improve the description of course outcomes, this study suggests that it is necessary to adjust the number of course outcomes, applicate overt behavior verbs, and elevate the level of course outcomes from the lower memorizing level to the higher application level.

An analysis of verbs used in the course outcomes of outcome-based integrated courses at a medical school based on the taxonomy of educational objectives / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to analyze the course outcomes of integrated courses of a medical school that introduced an outcome-based curriculum and to suggest ways to improve techniques in the description of outcomes. METHODS: In order to investigate the course outcomes of 39 courses in the first and second grades at Kyungpook National University School of Medicine in Korea, verbs for the course outcome were classified according to Bloom’s taxonomy and frequency analysis was completed. The appropriateness of use of verbs in description of the outcomes was also analyzed. RESULTS: The total number of course outcomes for both grades was 497. The number of course outcomes per credit ranged from a minimum of 0.9 to a maximum of 22.0. Most of the course outcomes were classified as the comprehension domain according to Bloom’s taxonomy. The most frequently used verb was “explain,” accounting for 61.0% (n=303) of the entire course outcome verbs. Some verbs in the outcomes, however, were unmeasurable. CONCLUSION: The major findings of this study include the followings. First, the number of course outcomes varied according to courses. Second, several course outcomes included unmeasurable verbs. Finally, most of the verbs used to describe course outcome belonged to the two lower levels of Bloom’s taxonomy—knowledge and comprehension. In order to improve the description of course outcomes, this study suggests that it is necessary to adjust the number of course outcomes, applicate overt behavior verbs, and elevate the level of course outcomes from the lower memorizing level to the higher application level.

Analysis of Knowledge in Nursing Management Educational Objectives based on Anderson's Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the Nursing management educational objectives and nurse duties required to be achieved in the nursing management curriculum in nursing job analysis. METHODS: Nursing management educational objectives and knowledge to be achieved in a nursing management curriculum in nursing job analysis were analyzed using Anderson's Revision of Bloom's taxonomy of Educational Objectives. RESULTS: The analysis showed that 172 (59.3%) of the 290 educational objectives of the nursing management corresponded to ‘conceptual knowledge’ and 167 (57.6%) of the ‘cognitive process dimension’ were ‘understanding’. In the job analysis, 29 out of 57 (50.9%) were procedural knowledge. The finding indicates that ‘health promotion and maintenance’ duty was excluded from the job analysis, but included in the nursing management curriculum and objectives. CONCLUSION: The results of this study contribute to the foundation of nursing management as a practical study by analyzing the goal of nursing management learning in connection with the job analysis required in the field.

Psychologists and Neoliberal School Reforms: Multi-Faceted Problems Calling for Multi-Faceted Interventions.

This paper extends on six aspects of an article on neoliberal school reforms, their possible influences on schools and school psychologists, and options for dealing with these challenges (Szulevicz, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences 2018). First, the reductions implied in the neoliberal view of the student as homo economicus and of an ideal student as self-regulated learner are described and alternative views of the student as a person (e.g., homo moralis) and of the ideal student (e.g., as intentional self-developer) are presented. Secondly, several promoting and inhibiting influences on neoliberal school reforms are discussed: competence-based school education, output-oriented school governance, and standardized school performance testing on the one hand, and critical discourses about these phenomena on the other. Third, attention is directed towards impending disadvantages of the aforementioned reforms (e.g., insufficient preparation of students for the fullness of life). Fourth, goals for interventions are discussed (e.g., reducing neoliberal influences on schools, creating an awareness of the disadvantages of neoliberal reforms, forming coalitions to promote alternatives to these reforms). Fifth, some intervention approaches for reaching these goals are considered with special emphasis on different system levels and stakeholders at which these interventions may be targeted (e.g., education policy makers, teachers and parents associations). Sixth, evaluations of the interventions are called for to monitor their effects and to refine the guiding goals, problem analyses, and strategies. In closing, some transferable principles of the preceding approach are highlighted that could be used to better understand and manage other educational problems as well.

Suggestion of Learning Objectives in Social Dental Hygiene: Oral Health Administration Area / 치위생과학회지

The purpose of this study is to propose learning objectives in social dental hygiene by analyzing and reviewing learning objectives in oral health administration area of the existing public oral health. This study is a cross-sectional study. The subjects of the study selected with convenience extraction were 15 members of the social dental hygiene subcommittee of the Korean Society of Dental Hygiene Science. Data collection was conducted by self-filling questionnaire. The research tool is from 48 items of A division in the book of learning objectives in the dental hygienist national examination, and this study classified each of them into ‘dental hygiene job relevance’, ‘dental hygiene competency relevance’, ‘timeliness’, and ‘value discrimination of educational goal setting’ to comprise 192 items. Also, to collect expert opinions, this study conducted Delphi survey on 7 academic experts. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 23.0 program (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Recoding was performed according to the degree of relevance of each learning objective and frequency analysis was performed. This study removed 18 items from the whole learning objectives in the dental hygienist national examination in the oral health administration area of public oral health. Fifteen revisions were made and 15 existing learning objectives were maintained. Forty-five learning objectives were proposed as new social dental hygiene learning objectives. The topics of learning objectives are divided into social security and medical assistance, oral health care system, oral health administration, and oral health policy. As a result of this study, it was necessary to construct the learning objectives of social dental hygiene in response to changing situation at the time. The contents of education should be revised in order of revision of learning objectives, development of competency, development of learning materials, and national examination.

The Motivation of High School Students by Achievement Goals / A Motivação de Estudantes do Ensino Médio pelas Metas de Realização / La Motivación de los Estudiantes de la Escuela Secundaria por las Metas de Realización

Abstract The present study aimed to identify, describe and analyze the achievement goals of 207 high school students in a city in São Paulo state. The instruments were the Characterization Questionnaire and Achievement Goals Questionnaire. The results indicate a major tendency to adopt the mastery-approach goal, where the student engages the activity with the purpose of developing their skills. The second more adopted goal was performance-avoidance goal, in which students tend to want to show their skills to others not to appear incompetent for them. These results above may be related to a great intension of students in completing the high school and enter the University, results also found in this study. Comprehend Achievement Goals can contribute to understanding the quality of motivation that the students apply in their activities.

Resumo O presente estudo buscou identificar, descrever e analisar as metas de realização de 207 estudantes do Ensino Médio de uma cidade paulista. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário de Caracterização e o Questionário de Metas de Realização. Como resultados foi observada maior tendência à adoção da meta aprender-aproximação, caracterizada por alunos que se engajam na atividade com o intuito de desenvolver suas próprias habilidades. A segunda meta mais adotada foi a performance-evitação, cujas características estão presentes no aluno que tende a querer mostrar suas habilidades a terceiros com o objetivo de não se apresentar como incompetente para outros. Estes resultados supracitados podem estar relacionados pela forte intenção dos alunos em concluírem o Ensino Médio e ingressarem no Ensino Superior, resultados também encontrados no presente estudo. Compreender as Metas de Realização pode colaborar para o entendimento da qualidade da motivação que os estudantes empregam nas atividades.

Resumen El presente estudio busco identificar, describir e analizar las metas de realización de 207 estudiantes de escuela secundaria en una ciudad de la provincia de São Paulo. Los instrumentos eran el Cuestionario de Caracterización y el Cuestionario de Metas de Realización. Los resultados indican una mayor tendencia a adoptar la meta enfoque de aprendizaje, donde el estudiante se involucra en la actividad con el propósito de desarrollar sus propias habilidades. La segunda meta más adoptada fue rendimiento-evitación, cuyos estudiantes tienden a querer demonstrar sus habilidades a los demás a fin de no mostrarse como incompetente para otros. Estos resultados arriba pueden estar relacionados con la fuerte intensión de los estudiantes concluyen la escuela secundaria y ingresaren en la educación superior, resultados también encontrados en este estudio. Entender las metas de realización puede contribuir para la comprensión de la calidad de la motivación que el estudiante emplea en sus actividades.

The Motivation of High School Students by Achievement Goals / A Motivação de Estudantes do Ensino Médio pelas Metas de Realização / La Motivación de los Estudiantes de la Escuela Secundaria por las Metas de Realización

Abstract The present study aimed to identify, describe and analyze the achievement goals of 207 high school students in a city in São Paulo state. The instruments were the Characterization Questionnaire and Achievement Goals Questionnaire. The results indicate a major tendency to adopt the mastery-approach goal, where the student engages the activity with the purpose of developing their skills. The second more adopted goal was performance-avoidance goal, in which students tend to want to show their skills to others not to appear incompetent for them. These results above may be related to a great intension of students in completing the high school and enter the University, results also found in this study. Comprehend Achievement Goals can contribute to understanding the quality of motivation that the students apply in their activities.

Resumo O presente estudo buscou identificar, descrever e analisar as metas de realização de 207 estudantes do Ensino Médio de uma cidade paulista. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário de Caracterização e o Questionário de Metas de Realização. Como resultados foi observada maior tendência à adoção da meta aprender-aproximação, caracterizada por alunos que se engajam na atividade com o intuito de desenvolver suas próprias habilidades. A segunda meta mais adotada foi a performance-evitação, cujas características estão presentes no aluno que tende a querer mostrar suas habilidades a terceiros com o objetivo de não se apresentar como incompetente para outros. Estes resultados supracitados podem estar relacionados pela forte intenção dos alunos em concluírem o Ensino Médio e ingressarem no Ensino Superior, resultados também encontrados no presente estudo. Compreender as Metas de Realização pode colaborar para o entendimento da qualidade da motivação que os estudantes empregam nas atividades.

Resumen El presente estudio busco identificar, describir e analizar las metas de realización de 207 estudiantes de escuela secundaria en una ciudad de la provincia de São Paulo. Los instrumentos eran el Cuestionario de Caracterización y el Cuestionario de Metas de Realización. Los resultados indican una mayor tendencia a adoptar la meta enfoque de aprendizaje, donde el estudiante se involucra en la actividad con el propósito de desarrollar sus propias habilidades. La segunda meta más adoptada fue rendimiento-evitación, cuyos estudiantes tienden a querer demonstrar sus habilidades a los demás a fin de no mostrarse como incompetente para otros. Estos resultados arriba pueden estar relacionados con la fuerte intensión de los estudiantes concluyen la escuela secundaria y ingresaren en la educación superior, resultados también encontrados en este estudio. Entender las metas de realización puede contribuir para la comprensión de la calidad de la motivación que el estudiante emplea en sus actividades.

Status of problem based learning in postgraduate anesthesia teaching: A cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: Anesthesia is a specialized branch of medicine with a very narrow margin of error. Incorporation of problem-based learning (PBL) in anesthesia post-graduate (PG) teaching enhances the critical thinking and problem-solving skills. It also helps in developing a broader prospective of clinical case scenarios. Case based discussions (CBD) are most widely practiced out of all PBL methods in anesthesia PG teaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted an anonymous questionnaire based, cross-sectional survey among 62 anesthesia residents from various medical institutions in a city of Delhi, India. We aimed to assess the current status of PBL by assessing the student satisfaction with CBD in anesthesia PG teaching, educational objectives accomplished with CBD and effectiveness of teaching curriculum in PG teaching with suggested modifications, if any. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: We observed that CBD is lacking in many important key areas of PBL e.g., formulation of objectives, communication on the content and direction of PBL, facilitation skills, supplementation of inadequacies of CBD. However, CBD seems to be a valid method of PBL in terms of the educational objectives accomplished with it but increased motivation for learning is required. Majority of the students felt that PG teaching curriculum should be centralized, with increased emphasis on open interactive sessions regarding its effectiveness.

Modelo de taxonomia baseada nas competências profissionais de cirurgiões-dentistas que atuam na estratégia da saúde da família: uma ferramenta para planejamento instrucional / Taxonomy model based on professional skills of dentists working in the family health strategy: a tool for instructional planning

A pesquisa visa desenvolver solução para facilitar o planejamento e elaboração de ações educacionais por meio de uma taxonomia das competências profissionais em saúde que tem como base dois conceitos-chave: competências profissionais para a saúde e objetivos educacionais. Esses conceitos são explorados na perspectiva do desenvolvimento de uma taxonomia para ser utilizada como referencial de planejamento e elaboração dos cursos por professores e profissionais de educação em geral, no âmbito de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Na multiplicidade de profissionais de saúde que atuam na estratégia de Saúde da Família no âmbito da Atenção Primária, foi necessário escolher uma das profissões para a construção do modelo, sendo assim, foi escolhida a Odontologia. Entretanto, o modelo poderá ser aplicado para o desenvolvimento de taxonomias que contemplem as competências de outros profissionais, entre os quais os enfermeiros e os médicos. A questão no centro da pesquisa é: será que nas práticas das equipes multiprofissionais envolvidas no desenvolvimento de ações educacionais, limitadas pelos exíguos prazos que geralmente lhes são impostos, é possível potencializar a integração entre o estado da arte dos conhecimentos desenvolvidos no mundo acadêmico com as necessidades de aprendizagem dos profissionais de saúde? O resultado que se espera da pesquisa é uma taxonomia relacionando as competências profissionais dos cirurgiões dentistas com a Taxonomia dos objetivos educacionais de Bloom, (1)...

The research aims to develop a solution to facilitate planning and development of educational activities through a taxonomy of professional competencies in health. It is based on two key concepts: professional skills for health and educational goals. These concepts are explored from the perspective of the development of a taxonomy to be used as a planning framework and development of courses for teachers and education professionals in general, by Higher Education Institutions. Considering the multiplicity of health professionals working in the Family Health Strategy in the context of primary health care, it was necessary to choose one of the professions to build up the model, and for that, we choose Dentistry. However, the model can be applied to the development of taxonomies that address the skills of other professionals, including nurses and physicians. The main issue of the research is: taking the practice of multidisciplinary teams involved in developing educational activities, limited by the tight deadlines that often are imposed on them, is it possible to enhance the integration of state of the art knowledge developed in the academic world with the health professionals' learning needs The expected result of the research is a taxonomy relating the dentists professional skills with the Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives(1)...

What should primary care providers know about pediatric skin conditions? A modified Delphi technique for curriculum development.

BACKGROUND: There is limited access to pediatric dermatology in the United States, resulting in inadequate education and patient care. OBJECTIVE: This Delphi study aimed to identify important objectives for a pediatric dermatology curriculum for general practitioners. METHODS: A modified, 2-round Delphi technique was used to develop consensus on objectives developed by expert pediatric dermatologists. A panel of 20 experts (pediatric dermatologists, family practitioners, and general pediatricians) rated objectives using a 5-point Likert-type scale. Items with group medians 4.0 or greater with at least 70% agreement reached consensus. RESULTS: In round 1, the expert panel rated 231 objectives from 16 categories for inclusion in an online curriculum. In round 2, experts were given group feedback and rated 235 objectives. A total of 170 items met consensus. Generally, objectives surrounding common conditions including acne, molluscum, warts, atopic dermatitis, and newborn skin met consensus whereas objectives on rare growths, birthmarks, and inherited conditions failed to meet consensus. LIMITATIONS: The Delphi panel consisted of US-based physicians, most in urban areas with a dedicated pediatric specialist at their institution. CONCLUSIONS: The accepted objectives encompass management of common conditions and referral of potentially dangerous diseases and can be used to develop a pediatric dermatology curriculum for primary care providers.

Predicción de las razones del alumnado para ser disciplinado en educación física / Predicting student's reasons to be disciplined in physical education classes

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido determinar si las estrategias disciplinadas empleadas por el docente en el aula influyen en el clima motivacional y las orientaciones disposicionales y éstas, a su vez, influyen en las razones de los alumnos para ser disciplinados. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1126 estudiantes de educación física. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizaron las escalas SSDS, LAPOPECQ, POSQ y RDS. Los resultados mostraron que las estrategias basadas en razones de responsabilidad e intrínsecas del docente para mantener la disciplina se relacionaban con la percepción de un clima motivacional a la tarea y con la disposición del discente a la tarea. Ambos predijeron las razones identificadas e intrínsecas del estudiante para ser disciplinado. Futuros estudios deberán corroborar los resultados encontrados desde un punto de vista experimental con el objeto de comprender de forma más precisa los mecanismos que permitan disminuir los comportamientos indisciplinados en las aulas.

The aim of this study was to determine relationships between the discipline strategies used by teachers in the classroom: perception of motivational climate, and goal orientations as well as the student's reasons have influence on them to be disciplined. A sample of 1126 physical education students participated in the study. They completed the SSDS, LAPOPECQ, POSQ and CPIDEF to measure these variables. Results showed that the intrinsic and responsibility strategies used by teachers to maintain discipline, were positively related with the perception of a task-involving motivational climate and task orientation. Task-involving motivational climate and goal orientation, predicted the intrinsic and indentified reasons of students to be disciplined. Future research should corroborate the results found in experimental designs to understand the process which uphold undisciplined behaviours in school.

Educação inclusiva: análise e intervenção em uma sala de recursos / Inclusive education: analysis and intervention in a special classroom / Educación inclusiva: un análisis y intervención en un aula de recursos

Este artigo se fundamenta no Paradigma de Suportes que norteia a educação inclusiva, a qual prevê ajustes educacionais para que todos os alunos participem da escola comum. O estudo teve por objetivo analisar o funcionamento de uma sala de recursos e descrever a intervenção realizada com uma professora especialista. A coleta de dados consistiu das fases: (a) descrição da sala de recursos; (b) análise do plano de ensino da professora; (c) aplicação de entrevistas e discussões sobre teoria e prática na educação inclusiva com a professora especialista; (d) preenchimento do documento de adaptações curriculares individuais para os alunos. A análise contou com os procedimentos: caracterização da realidade investigada, análise das entrevistas e análise comparativa das adaptações curriculares. Como resultados, o estudo aponta a existência de divergências entre políticas educacionais e realidade escolar investigada. A intervenção permitiu que a professora refletisse sobre a sua atuação com base em novos procedimentos de ensino.

This paper is based on the Support Paradigm, which establishes the principles to the inclusive education, which indicates educational adjustments participating in the regular school to all students. This study aimed to analyze a special classroom working arrangements and to describe an intervention implemented having a special classroom teacher as participant. Data collection comprised the following phases: (a) special classroom description; (b) analysis of the teacher's teaching plan; (c) application of survey and discussion comprising theory and practice on inclusive education; (d) curricular adaptation fulfilling. Data analysis comprised: special classroom characterization, survey analysis, comparative analysis of curricular adaptation. As results, the study shows divergences between public educational policies and school reality. The intervention provided the teacher with a reflection about her on-work performance based on new teaching procedures.

Este artículo se fundamenta en el Paradigma de Soportesque nortea la educación inclusiva, que preve unos ajustes educacionales para los alumnos participan en la escuela común. Objectivó analizar el funcionamiento de un aula de recursos y describir la intervención realizada con una profesora especialista. La recolección de datos consistió de las fases: (a) descripción del aula de recursos; (b) análisis del plan de estudios de la profesora; (c) aplicación de entrevistas y discusión sobre teoría y práctica y enseñanza inclusiva; d) cumplimiento de adaptaciones curriculares. Para el análisis de los datos, fueron adoptados los procedimientos: la caracterización de la realidad investigada, el análisis de las entrevistas y comparación de las adaptaciones curriculares. Como resultados, el estudio apunta la existencia de divergencias entre políticas educacionales y la realidad escolar. La intervención permitió que la profesora reflexionara sobre su actuación bajo nuevos procedimientos de enseñanza.

Educação inclusiva: análise e intervenção em uma sala de recursos / Inclusive education: analysis and intervention in a special classroom / Educación inclusiva: un análisis y intervención en un aula de recursos

Este artigo se fundamenta no Paradigma de Suportes que norteia a educação inclusiva, a qual prevê ajustes educacionais para que todos os alunos participem da escola comum. O estudo teve por objetivo analisar o funcionamento de uma sala de recursos e descrever a intervenção realizada com uma professora especialista. A coleta de dados consistiu das fases: (a) descrição da sala de recursos; (b) análise do plano de ensino da professora; (c) aplicação de entrevistas e discussões sobre teoria e prática na educação inclusiva com a professora especialista; (d) preenchimento do documento de adaptações curriculares individuais para os alunos. A análise contou com os procedimentos: caracterização da realidade investigada, análise das entrevistas e análise comparativa das adaptações curriculares. Como resultados, o estudo aponta a existência de divergências entre políticas educacionais e realidade escolar investigada. A intervenção permitiu que a professora refletisse sobre a sua atuação com base em novos procedimentos de ensino.(AU)

This paper is based on the Support Paradigm, which establishes the principles to the inclusive education, which indicates educational adjustments participating in the regular school to all students. This study aimed to analyze a special classroom working arrangements and to describe an intervention implemented having a special classroom teacher as participant. Data collection comprised the following phases: (a) special classroom description; (b) analysis of the teacher's teaching plan; (c) application of survey and discussion comprising theory and practice on inclusive education; (d) curricular adaptation fulfilling. Data analysis comprised: special classroom characterization, survey analysis, comparative analysis of curricular adaptation. As results, the study shows divergences between public educational policies and school reality. The intervention provided the teacher with a reflection about her on-work performance based on new teaching procedures.(AU)

Este artículo se fundamenta en el Paradigma de Soportesque nortea la educación inclusiva, que preve unos ajustes educacionales para los alumnos participan en la escuela común. Objectivó analizar el funcionamiento de un aula de recursos y describir la intervención realizada con una profesora especialista. La recolección de datos consistió de las fases: (a) descripción del aula de recursos; (b) análisis del plan de estudios de la profesora; (c) aplicación de entrevistas y discusión sobre teoría y práctica y enseñanza inclusiva; d) cumplimiento de adaptaciones curriculares. Para el análisis de los datos, fueron adoptados los procedimientos: la caracterización de la realidad investigada, el análisis de las entrevistas y comparación de las adaptaciones curriculares. Como resultados, el estudio apunta la existencia de divergencias entre políticas educacionales y la realidad escolar. La intervención permitió que la profesora reflexionara sobre su actuación bajo nuevos procedimientos de enseñanza.(AU)

Sigmund Freud, da psicoprofilaxia à educação psicanaliticamente esclarecida: um percurso / Sigmund Freud, from psychoprophylaxy to psychoanalytically clarified education: one path / Sigmund Freud, desde la psicoprofilaxis hasta la educación psicoanaliticamente esclarecida: un recurrido

Não foram poucas as oportunidades nas quais Freud fez comentários sobre a educação, cuja diversidade alimenta idas e vindas sobre seus textos, no intuito de elucidar aquilo que teria sido sua suposta "tese" sobre o assunto. Neste trabalho tentamos descrever e analisar os pressupostos e as contribuições deste psicanalista no campo da educação a partir de suas elaborações acerca da sexualidade infantil e da organização pulsional. Pretendemos mostrar que Freud abandona, ao longo de sua obra, o ideal de uma educação psicoprofilática, não obstante mantenha sempre presente a esperança de uma "outra educação", menos repressora e mais sublimadora.

There were not few opportunities that Freud made comments on education and this diversity, which still supplies gone and comings about his texts, with the intension of elucidating the one that may have been his supposed "thesis" about the subject. By the present work we try to describe and analyze the assumptions and the contributions by this psychoanalyst in the field of education, from his elaborations about infantile sexuality and the pulsional organization. We intend to demonstrate that Freud abandons, throughout his work, the ideal of a psychoprophylactic education even remains expecting "another education", less repressive and more sublimed.

No fueran pocas las oportunidades en las que Freud realizó comentários sobre la educación, cuya diversidad alimenta idas y venidas sobre sus textos en el intento de dilucidar aquello que sería su supuesta "tesis" sobre el asunto. El presente trabajo es una propuesta de describir y analisar los presupuestos y las contribuciones del psicoanalista en el campo de la educación partiendo de sus elaboraciones acerca de la sexualidad infantil y de la organización pulsional. Pretendemos mostrar que Freud abandona la idea de una educación psicoprofiláctica, sin embargo conserva siempre presente la esperanza de "otra educación", menos represora y más sublimadota.

Sigmund Freud, da psicoprofilaxia à educação psicanaliticamente esclarecida: um percurso / Sigmund Freud, from psychoprophylaxy to psychoanalytically clarified education: one path / Sigmund Freud, desde la psicoprofilaxis hasta la educación psicoanaliticamente esclarecida: un recurrido

Não foram poucas as oportunidades nas quais Freud fez comentários sobre a educação, cuja diversidade alimenta idas e vindas sobre seus textos, no intuito de elucidar aquilo que teria sido sua suposta "tese" sobre o assunto. Neste trabalho tentamos descrever e analisar os pressupostos e as contribuições deste psicanalista no campo da educação a partir de suas elaborações acerca da sexualidade infantil e da organização pulsional. Pretendemos mostrar que Freud abandona, ao longo de sua obra, o ideal de uma educação psicoprofilática, não obstante mantenha sempre presente a esperança de uma "outra educação", menos repressora e mais sublimadora.(AU)

There were not few opportunities that Freud made comments on education and this diversity, which still supplies gone and comings about his texts, with the intension of elucidating the one that may have been his supposed "thesis" about the subject. By the present work we try to describe and analyze the assumptions and the contributions by this psychoanalyst in the field of education, from his elaborations about infantile sexuality and the pulsional organization. We intend to demonstrate that Freud abandons, throughout his work, the ideal of a psychoprophylactic education even remains expecting "another education", less repressive and more sublimed.(AU)

No fueran pocas las oportunidades en las que Freud realizó comentários sobre la educación, cuya diversidad alimenta idas y venidas sobre sus textos en el intento de dilucidar aquello que sería su supuesta "tesis" sobre el asunto. El presente trabajo es una propuesta de describir y analisar los presupuestos y las contribuciones del psicoanalista en el campo de la educación partiendo de sus elaboraciones acerca de la sexualidad infantil y de la organización pulsional. Pretendemos mostrar que Freud abandona la idea de una educación psicoprofiláctica, sin embargo conserva siempre presente la esperanza de "otra educación", menos represora y más sublimadota.(AU)