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PURPOSE: Emergency surgery can save patients' lives in cases of severe caustic injury. However, the long-term outcomes are not well understood. METHODS: Patients who underwent emergency organ resection for severe corrosive acid injury were included. Subsequently, digestive tract reconstruction was performed to fit patients. Long-term outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty patients underwent emergency digestive tract resection. The operative mortality rate was 6% (of 3/50). One of the 50 patients underwent successful immediate reconstruction. Of the 46 survivors with digestive tract discontinuity, 32 (70%) underwent subsequent reconstructive surgery, 10 (22%) died while awaiting reconstruction due to deterioration in their psychiatric and nutritional status, and 4 (9%) were unfit for reconstructive surgery. No operative mortality occurred during reconstruction. Among the 32 patients who underwent reconstruction, 30 (94%) achieved nutritional autonomy. Nutritional independence was achieved in 62% of the patients (31/50). At a median duration of 58 months, the median survival time of the 50 patients was 158 months. Patients who underwent reconstruction had a significantly better overall survival than those who did not (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency surgery remains the standard treatment for corrosive ingestion of complicated digestive tract injuries. However, only 60% of survivors can undergo subsequent digestive reconstruction and achieve long-term nutritional autonomy and a survival outcome.
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A uniquely challenging subset of infants diagnosed with esophageal atresia (EA) are those born with long-gap EA (LGEA). The common unifying feature in infants with LGEA is that the proximal and distal segments of the esophagus are too far apart to enable primary anastomosis via a single operation in the newborn period. Although any type of EA can technically result in a long gap, the Gross type A variant occurs in 8% of all EA cases and is most commonly associated with LGEA. In this review, we provide an evidence-based approach to the current challenges and management strategies employed in LGEA. There are fortunately a range of available surgical techniques for LGEA repair, including delayed primary repair, staged repair based on longitudinal traction strategies to lengthen both ends (e.g., Foker procedure, internal traction), and esophageal replacement using other portions of the gastrointestinal tract. The literature on the management of LGEA has long been dominated by single-center retrospective reviews, but the field has recently witnessed increased multi-center collaboration that has helped to increase our understanding on how to best manage this challenging patient population. Delayed primary repair is strongly preferred as the initial approach in management of LGEA in the United States as well as several European countries and is supported by the American Pediatric Surgery Association recommendations. Should esophageal replacement be required in cases where salvaging the native thoracic esophagus is not possible, gastric conduits are the preferred approach, based on the relative simplicity of the operation, low postoperative morbidity, and long-term durability. Long-term followup for monitoring of swallowing function, nutritional status, aspiration/respiratory illnesses, gastroesophageal reflux, and associated comorbidities is essential in the comprehensive care of these complex patients.
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Resumen Objetivo: Describir resultados de la cirugía de sustitución esofágica con tubo gástrico invertido, vía ascenso retroesternal en dos hospitales pediátricos durante el período marzo 2015 a marzo 2018. Materiales y Método: Un estudio observacional, transversal, con recolección de datos retrospectivo, donde se incluyeron todos los expedientes de pacientes que presentaban patología del esófago por causa adquirida o congénita que fueron operados de sustitución esofágica con tubo gástrico invertido en dos hospitales pediátricos durante 3 años. Resultados: Encontramos 29 niños sometidos a sustitución esofágica, de los cuales 27 cumplieron criterios de inclusión. La edad comprendida entre 2 y 17 años. El 63% corresponde al sexo femenino. La causa más frecuente de sustitución esofágica es por estenosis esofágica por ingesta caustica (92,59%). El 70% presentó algún tipo de complicación luego de la cirugía. La fístula esofagocutánea es la complicación principal con 33,33%. La permanencia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos es menor de 24 horas en un 74% de los niños. Se inicia la vía oral en casi la mitad de casos entre los 10-12 días de posquirúrgico, la estancia hospitalaria es en promedio 18,5 días. La mortalidad es 3,7%. Conclusión: La sustitución esofágica por tubo gástrico invertido vía ascenso retroesternal, es una técnica comparable en resultados a la interposición de colón. Para los autores, el estómago es un órgano ideal para realizar la reconstrucción esofágica, y sus complicaciones son manejables.
Aim: To describe the results of esophageal replacement surgery with an inverted gastric tube via retrosternal ascent in two pediatric hospitals during the period March 2015 to March 2018. Materials and Method: an observational, cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection that included all the records of patients with esophageal discontinuity due to acquired or congenital causes who underwent esophageal replacement surgery with an inverted gastric tube in two pediatric hospitals for 3 years. Results: We found 29 children undergoing esophageal replacement, of which 27 met inclusion criteria. The age between 2 to 17 years. 63% corresponds to the female sex. The most frequent cause of esophageal replacement is esophageal stricture due to caustic ingestion (92.59%). 70% presented some type of complication after surgery. The esophagocutaneous fistula is the main complication with 33.33%. The stay in the intensive care unit is less than 24 hours in 74% of children. The oral route is started in almost half of cases between 10-12 days after surgery; the hospital stay is on average 18.5 days. Mortality is 3.70%. Conclusión: The esophageal substitution by inverted gastric tube via retrosternal ascent is a technique comparable in results to the interposition of the colon. For the authors, the stomach is an ideal organ to perform esophageal reconstruction, and its complications are manageable.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Colon/cirugía , Atresia Esofágica/cirugía , Esofagoplastia/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Estómago/cirugía , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Demografía , Estenosis Esofágica , Esófago/cirugíaRESUMEN
Introducción: existen dos rutas para realizar el reemplazo de esófago (RE), la retroesternal (RRE) y la mediastinal posterior (RMP). El objetivo del estudio es comparar los pacientes que recibieron un ascenso gástrico parcial empleando estas dos rutas. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 51 pacientes con ascenso gástrico parcial, en 27 años en el Hospital Garrahan. Se utilizó la vía RRE en 25 casos y la RMP en 26. Fueron comparados los datos epidemiológicos de los grupos y las variables para valorar la dificultad del acto quirúrgico, evolución inmediata y alejada. El estudio es comparativo, retro-prospectivo y longitudinal. Resultados: las características generales de los pacientes fueron similares. Los que recibieron el ascenso gástrico por vía RMP presentaron una menor incidencia de dehiscencia (p=0,017), de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) (p=0,001) y de dumping (p=0,0001). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos al comparar la duración del procedimiento, días de internación total y en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), días de permanencia en asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM), inicio de alimentación oral y estenosis de la anastomosis. Se observó una tendencia clínicamente relevante, que no alcanzó significancia estadística en las complicaciones intraquirúrgicas y número de dilataciones postoperatorias. No hubo necrosis del ascenso. Fallecieron 2 pacientes. Conclusiones: considerando la menor incidencia de dehiscencia, ERGE y dumping reemplazados por RMP, elegimos a ésta como nuestra primera opción para el reemplazo esofágico en la infancia (AU)
Introduction: The two routes for esophageal replacement (ER) are retrosternal (RRE) and posterior mediastinal (PMR). The aim of the study was to compare patients who received a partial gastric pull-up using either of these two routes. Material and methods: The clinical records of 51 patients who underwent partial gastric pull-up over 27 years at the Garrahan Hospital were reviewed. The RRE route was used in 25 and the RMP in 26 cases. The epidemiological data of the groups and the variables to evaluate the complexity of the surgical procedure, and shortand long-term outcome were compared. A comparative, retroprospective, and longitudinal study was conducted. Results: the general characteristics of the patients were similar. Those who underwent gastric pull-up via PMR had a lower incidence of dehiscence (p=0.017), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (p=0.001), and dumping (p=0.0001). No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups when comparing the duration of the procedure, days of total hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, days on mechanical ventilation (MV), initiation of oral feeding and stenosis of the anastomosis. A clinically relevant trend, which did not reach statistical significance, was observed in intraoperative complications and number of postoperative dilatations. There was no necrosis of the pull-up. Two patients died. Conclusions: considering the lower incidence of dehiscence, GERD, and dumping associated with PMR, this was our first choice for esophageal replacement in infancy (AU)
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Humanos , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Esofagectomía/métodos , Atresia Esofágica/cirugía , Atresia Esofágica/inducido químicamente , Esofagoplastia/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Estudio Comparativo , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Longitudinales , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Introducción: La estenosis tardía y retracción del órgano sustituto al mediastino es una situación compleja. Objetivo: Mostrar una alternativa poco invasiva ante la retracción y retención del colon en el mediastino, posterior a una esofagocoloplastia. Caso clínico: Se presenta una paciente de sexo femenino de 18 años de edad con antecedente de ingestión accidental de caustico al año y medio de nacida. El tratamiento fue una esofagocoloplastia retroesternal, se utilizó el colon derecho. Después de 16 años presentó una fistula esofágica con estenosis y retracción del segmento del colon utilizado hacia el mediastino. Conclusiones: Fue factible extirpar el colon retenido en el mediastino y la esofagogastroplastia tubular ya que siempre ofrece ventajas. Fue muy importante la integración multidisciplinaria entre cirujanos de adultos y pediátricos lo que permitió realizar este procedimiento complejo(AU)
Introduction: Late stenosis and retraction of the substitute organ towards the mediastinum is a complex situation. Objective: To show a minimally invasive alternative to retraction and retention of the colon towards the mediastinum after esophagocoloplasty. Clinical case: The case is presented of an 18-year-old female patient with a history of accidental ingestion of a caustic product at one year and a half after birth. The treatment was a retrosternal esophagocoloplasty, for which the right colon was used. After 16 years, she presented an esophageal fistula with stenosis and retraction of the segment of the used colon towards the mediastinum. Conclusions: It was feasible remove the colon retained in the mediastinum as well as perform the tubular esophagogastroplasty, since it always offers advantages. Multidisciplinary integration between adult and pediatric surgeons was very important, allowing this complex procedure to be performed(AU)
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Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Gastrostomía/métodos , Estenosis Esofágica/etiologíaRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción Los pacientes sometidos a desconexión total con cierre al nivel del seno piriforme debido a necrosis completa del esófago y estómago después de la ingestión cáustica representan un desafío quirúrgico para restablecer la ingestión oral y la calidad de vida. Objetivo El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la experiencia con un caso clínico con necrosis total de esófago y estómago posingestión de cáuticos por lo que fue inicialmente sometido a esofagectomía y gastrectomía total. Método La reconstrucción del tracto digestivo superior se efectuó mediante una faringo-íleo-colo anastomosis, con suplemento de irrigación sanguínea arterial y drenaje venoso mediante técnica de anastomosis microquirúrgica. Resultados No se observaron complicaciones postoperatorias mayores y en el resultado a largo plazo se logra alimentación oral normal con una recuperación nutricional adecuada y buena calidad de vida. Conclusión Esta es un procedimiento a plantear en pacientes con estenosis faríngea sin posibilidad de reemplazo esofágico con procedimientos menos complejos.
Introduction Patients submitted to total esophagectomy and gastrectomy with complete closure of pharinx due to necrosis after caustic ingestion are a challenging surgical setting for reconstruction of upper digestive transit. Objective The objective of this paper is to present a clinical case and surgical technique for reconstruction of the upper digestive tract after total esophagectomy and gastrectomy. Method Reconstruction of digestive transit was reestablished by means of a pharyngo-ileo-colonic interposition with microsurgical arterial and venous anastomosis for augmentation of blood supply. Results There were not major postoperative complications and at long term follow-up, normal oral nutrition and quality of life improvement was observed. Conclusion This is a surgical procedure for treatment of patients with pharyngeal strictures without any possibility to indicate other less complex procedures.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Colon/trasplante , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Enfermedades del Esófago/cirugía , Cáusticos , Esofagectomía/métodos , Colon/irrigación sanguínea , Enfermedades del Esófago/inducido químicamente , Microcirugia , NecrosisRESUMEN
Objective: To summarise the Clinical experience of esophageal replacement with colon after esophagectomy. Methods: Reviewed the clinical data of 20 patients who underwent esophageal replacement with colon between March 2011 to Mach 2014. 17 patients underwent 3 incisions esophagectomy, colon was extracted behind the sternum, resected the left-half manubrium sterni, left sternoclavicular joint and the first sternocostal joint for the cervical incision; 12 operations were assisted by the thoracoscopy. 3 patients underwent open two-field esophagectomy through right thoracoabdominal incision.Results: No perioperative death. 2 cases with anastomotic leakage of cervical, 2 cases with intestinal fistula, 2 cases with intestinal obstruction, 5 cases with hoarseness, 5 cases with pulmonary infections; the complication rate was 35% (n=7). No ischemic necrosis in the whole section of the interposed colon. Follow up for one or four years, 2 deaths, 2 distance metastasis.Conclusion: For the patients who need the reconstruction of the esophagus but the stomach is unavailable, the better option for the replacement is the colon. Assisted by the thoracoscopy could reduce the surgical trauma. Resecting the left-half manubrium sterni, left sternoclavicular joint and the first sternocostal joint for the cervical incision is helpful for the construction of the substernal pathway, reduction of the anastomotic leakage, and the healing of the fistula.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: la necesidad de reemplazo esofágico en nuestro medio continúa siendo uno de las tareas más difíciles para los cirujanos. Han sido muchas las técnicas y los elementos utilizados para la sustitución esofágica a través del tiempo, y también las disyuntivas entre cuál es la más fisiológica para el paciente. OBJETIVO: nos proponemos presentar nuestra experiencia de 15 años de trabajo, utilizando la esofagocoloplastia con colon izquierdo retroesternal y antiperistáltico, enfatizando los detalles de la técnica y los resultados posoperatorios. MÉTODOS: se analizan las estadísticas correspondientes a 15 años de trabajo en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente "Juan Manuel Márquez", con un total de 52 pacientes, mostrando los parámetros de edad, sexo, causas de la sustitución, técnica quirúrgica, complicaciones posoperatorias y mortalidad. RESULTADOS: la causa más frecuente de sustitución esofágica fue la estenosis por cáustico. La complicación posoperatoria de mayor incidencia fue la fístula salival, y existió una necrosis aséptica del injerto que conllevó a un segundo tiempo operatorio, con tubo gástrico. Hubo un fallecido por sepsis nosocomial. CONCLUSIONES: las complicaciones posoperatorias fueron mínimas, y solo en un caso se realizó un segundo tiempo quirúrgico utilizando tubo gástrico. Se considera esta técnica una alternativa quirúrgica de fácil realización, y cuando se siguen los cuidados técnicos adecuados, las complicaciones son mínimas y los resultados óptimos.
INTRODUCTION: the need for esophageal replacement in our context remains one of the most difficult tasks for surgeons. There have been a number of techniques and elements for esophageal replacement in the course of time and also various dilemmas about the most physiological ones for the patient. OBJECTIVE: to show our experience of 15 years in the use of esophagocoloplasty with left antiperistaltic retrosternal colon, putting emphasis on the details of the technique and the postoperative results. METHODS: an analysis was performed of statistics for 52 patients cared for at "Juan Manuel Márquez" Children's University Hospital during a 15 years' period. The variables considered were age, sex, causes of replacement, surgical technique, postoperative complications and mortality. RESULTS: the most frequent cause of esophageal replacement was caustic stenosis of the esophagus. The main postoperative complication was salivary fistula. There was also aseptic necrosis of the graft that led to reoperation with use of a gastric tube. One child died from nosocomial sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: postoperative complications were minimal and just one patient was reoperated, with use of a gastric tube. It is considered that this technique is an easy-to-perform surgical option and that the complications are minimal and the results are optimal whenever the adequate technical guidelines are followed and complied with.
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Humanos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Enfermedades del Esófago/cirugía , Esofagoplastia/métodos , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodosRESUMEN
Introducción: la necesidad de reemplazo esofágico en nuestro medio continúa siendo uno de las tareas más difíciles para los cirujanos. Han sido muchas las técnicas y los elementos utilizados para la sustitución esofágica a través del tiempo, y también las disyuntivas entre cuál es la más fisiológica para el paciente.Objetivo: nos proponemos presentar nuestra experiencia de 15 años de trabajo, utilizando la esofagocoloplastia con colon izquierdo retroesternal y antiperistáltico, enfatizando los detalles de la técnica y los resultados posoperatorios.Métodos: se analizan las estadísticas correspondientes a 15 años de trabajo en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente Juan Manuel Márquez, con un total de 52 pacientes, mostrando los parámetros de edad, sexo, causas de la sustitución, técnica quirúrgica, complicaciones posoperatorias y mortalidad. Resultados: la causa más frecuente de sustitución esofágica fue la estenosis por cáustico. La complicación posoperatoria de mayor incidencia fue la fístula salival, y existió una necrosis aséptica del injerto que conllevó a un segundo tiempo operatorio, con tubo gástrico. Hubo un fallecido por sepsis nosocomial.Conclusiones: las complicaciones posoperatorias fueron mínimas, y solo en un caso se realizó un segundo tiempo quirúrgico utilizando tubo gástrico. Se considera esta técnica una alternativa quirúrgica de fácil realización, y cuando se siguen los cuidados técnicos adecuados, las complicaciones son mínimas y los resultados óptimos(AU)
Introduction: the need for esophageal replacement in our context remains one of the most difficult tasks for surgeons. There have been a number of techniques and elements for esophageal replacement in the course of time and also various dilemmas about the most physiological ones for the patient.Objective: to show our experience of 15 years in the use of esophagocoloplasty with left antiperistaltic retrosternal colon, putting emphasis on the details of the technique and the postoperative results.Methods: an analysis was performed of statistics for 52 patients cared for at Juan Manuel Márquez Children's University Hospital during a 15 years' period. The variables considered were age, sex, causes of replacement, surgical technique, postoperative complications and mortality.Results: the most frequent cause of esophageal replacement was caustic stenosis of the esophagus. The main postoperative complication was salivary fistula. There was also aseptic necrosis of the graft that led to reoperation with use of a gastric tube. One child died from nosocomial sepsis.Conclusions: postoperative complications were minimal and just one patient was reoperated, with use of a gastric tube. It is considered that this technique is an easy-to-perform surgical option and that the complications are minimal and the results are optimal whenever the adequate technical guidelines are followed and complied with(AU)
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Humanos , Enfermedades del Esófago/cirugía , Esofagoplastia/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodosRESUMEN
The history of esophageal replacement in infants or children is the history of development of various kinds of alternative conduits such as stomach, colon, and small bowel. The gastric tube has been the most widely used conduit. From January 1988 to May 2003, 23 esophageal replacements with gastric tube were performed at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Childrens Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed using Windows SPSS11.0 Pearson exact test. There were Gross type A(n=10), type B(n=1), type C(n=11), type D(n=1). Ten patients who had long gap esophageal atresia (type A-8, type B-1, type C-1) and 13 patients (type A 2, type C-10, type D-1) who had stenosis, leakage, recurred tracheoesophageal fistula, and esophagocutaneous fistula after previous corrective operations, had esophageal replacement with gastric tube. Mean follow-up periods were 4 year 2 months (7 months-15 year 1 month). There were postoperative complications including GERD in 16 (69.6 %), leakages in 7 (30.4 %), diverticulum at anastomosis in 2 (8.7 %), anastomosis site stenosis in 4 (17.3 %), and distal stenosis of the gastric tube in 1 (4.3 %). There was no statistical significance between operation types and postoperative leakage and gastroesophageal reflux. In conclusion, esophageal replacement with gastric tube may be a useful surgical option in esophageal atresia with long gap and esophageal atresia complicated by previous corrective operation.
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Niño , Humanos , Lactante , Colon , Constricción Patológica , Divertículo , Atresia Esofágica , Fístula , Estudios de Seguimiento , Reflujo Gastroesofágico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Seúl , Estómago , Fístula TraqueoesofágicaRESUMEN
Aims: Esophageal replacement by gastric tube is present the procedure of choice in surgical treatment of carcinoma of esophagus. We would like to present our experiences in esophageal replacement by gastric tube without pyloroplasty in the Gastrointestinal Surgical Division at Binh Dan Hospital. Results: During 22 years (1979-2000), we performed 80 cases of esophagoplasty by gastric tube without pyloroplasty for 3 females and 77 males. The patient mean age was 61 years old. There were 51 cases of cancer of middle 1/3, 27 cases of cancer of the lower 1/3 and 2 cases of cancer of the cardio with esophageal extension. We had 24 cases of total esophagectomy, 29 cases of blunt esophagestomy and 27 cases of esophageal reconstruction by gastric tube. In 53 cases, gastric tube was in posterior mediastinum and 27 cases in substernal position. There were 15 patients presented postoperative pneumonia, 8 cases of anastomotic leakage in the neck, 4 cases of pneumothorax, 1 case with splenic rupture, 1 case of jejunal perforation, 2 cases of leakage of abdominal esophageal stump. The mean hospital stay was 20 days. No gastric emptying trouble was noted in this study. The functional results were good in patients survived this operation. Conclusion: The vascularization of the stomach was very good. In our experiences, esophageal reconstruction by gastric tube foiling Akiyama technique without pyloroplasty was suitable for all cases of esophageal cancer.