Serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level correlates with the lowest SaO2 in patients with sleep apnea: a preliminary study / Nível sérico da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 está associado à SaO2 mais baixa em pacientes com apneia do sono: um estudo preliminar

Abstract Introduction: Serum level of high-mobility group box 1 protein is reportedly correlated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Objective: We tried to evaluate the possibility of using the serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level as a biologic marker in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Methods: We generated a chronic intermittent hypoxia murine model that reflected human obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea patients who underwent polysomnography were prospectively enrolled. Serum samples were obtained from mice and obstructive sleep apnea patients, and the serum high-mobility group box1 protein level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level was 56.16 ± 30.33 ng/mL in chronic intermittent hypoxia and 18.63 ± 6.20 ng/mL in control mice (p<0.05). The mean apnea-hypopnea index and respiratory disturbance index values of enrolled obstructive sleep apnea patients were 50.35 ± 27.96 and 51.56 ± 28.53, respectively, and the mean serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level was 30.13 ± 19.97 ng/mL. The apnea-hypopnea index and respiratory disturbance index were not significantly correlated with the serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level (p>0.05). Instead, this protein level was significantly correlated with lowest arterial oxygen concentration (SaO2) (p<0.05). Conclusion: High-mobility group box 1 protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea, and the possibility of this protein being a useful biologic marker in obstructive sleep apnea should be further evaluated.

Resumo Introdução: O nível sérico da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 está relacionado com a gravidade da apneia obstrutiva do sono. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso do nível sérico da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 como um marcador biológico em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono. Método: Geramos um modelo murino de hipóxia intermitente crônica que imita a apneia obstrutiva do sono em humanos. Pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono que fizeram polissonografia foram incluídos prospectivamente. Amostras de soro foram obtidas de camundongos e pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono e o nível sérico da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 foi medido por enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Resultados: O nível sérico da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 foi 56,16 ± 30,33 ng/mL em hipóxia intermitente crônica e 18,63 ± 6,20 ng/mL em camundongos controle (p < 0,05). Os valores médios do índice de apneia-hipopneia e do índice de distúrbio respiratório nos pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono foram 50,35 ± 27,96 e 51,56 ± 28,53, respectivamente, e o nível médio da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 foi 30,13 ± 19,97 ng/mL. O índice de apneia-hipopneia e o índice de distúrbio respiratório não foram significantemente associados com o nível da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 p> 0,05). Em vez disso, esse nível de proteína foi significantemente associado com o valor mais baixo da concentração arterial de oxigênio (SaO2) (p <0,05). Conclusão: A proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 pode estar envolvida na patogênese da apneia obstrutiva do sono e a possibilidade de que essa proteína possa ser um marcador biológico útil na apneia obstrutiva do sono deve ser avaliada mais detalhadamente.

Serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level correlates with the lowest SaO2 in patients with sleep apnea: a preliminary study.

INTRODUCTION: Serum level of high-mobility group box 1 protein is reportedly correlated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. OBJECTIVE: We tried to evaluate the possibility of using the serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level as a biologic marker in obstructive sleep apnea patients. METHODS: We generated a chronic intermittent hypoxia murine model that reflected human obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea patients who underwent polysomnography were prospectively enrolled. Serum samples were obtained from mice and obstructive sleep apnea patients, and the serum high-mobility group box1 protein level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level was 56.16 ±â€¯30.33 ng/mL in chronic intermittent hypoxia and 18.63 ±â€¯6.20 ng/mL in control mice (p < 0.05). The mean apnea-hypopnea index and respiratory disturbance index values of enrolled obstructive sleep apnea patients were 50.35 ±â€¯27.96 and 51.56 ±â€¯28.53, respectively, and the mean serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level was 30.13 ±â€¯19.97 ng/mL. The apnea-hypopnea index and respiratory disturbance index were not significantly correlated with the serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level (p > 0.05). Instead, this protein level was significantly correlated with lowest arterial oxygen concentration (SaO2) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: High-mobility group box 1 protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea, and the possibility of this protein being a useful biologic marker in obstructive sleep apnea should be further evaluated.

High Mobility Group Box 1 and Heat Shock Protein-70 Expression Post (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in East Java Green Tea Methanolic Extract Administration During Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Wistar Rats

Abstract Objective: To investigate the expression of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP-70) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) after (-)- Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in East Java Green Tea (Camelia Sinensis) Methanolic Extract (GTME) administration in vivo. Material and Methods: 28 Wistar rats (Rattus Novergicus) was used and divided into 4 groups accordingly: K- without EGCG and OTM; K+ with OTM, without EGCG for 14 days; T1with OTM for 14 days and EGCG for 7 days; treatment group 2 (T2) with OTM and EGCG for 14 days. OTM animal model was achieved through the installation of the OTM device by means of NiTi close coil spring with 10g force placed between the first incisor and first maxillary molars. The samples were terminated on Day 14. The pre-maxillary was isolated for the immunohistochemical examination. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) then continued with Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) (p<0.05) was performed to analyze the data. Results: The highest HMGB1 and HSP-70 expression were found in the K+ group pressure side, meanwhile the lowest HMGB1 and HSP-70 expression were found in K- group tension side in the alveolar bone. There was a significant decrease of HMGB1 and HSP-70 expression in T2 compared to T1 and K+ with significant between groups (p<0.05; p=0.0001). Conclusion: The decreased expression of HMGB1 and HSP-70 in alveolar bone of OTM wistar rats due to post administration of GTME that consisted EGCG.

Clinical Value of High Mobility Group Box 1 and the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review

Abstract Introduction High mobility group box 1 is a versatile protein involved in gene transcription, extracellular signaling, and response to inflammation. Extracellularly, high mobility group box 1 binds to several receptors, notably the receptor for advanced glycation end-products. Expression of high mobility group box 1 and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products has been described in many cancers. Objectives To systematically review the available literature using PubMed and Web of Science to evaluate the clinical value of high mobility group box 1 and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Data synthesis A total of eleven studies were included in this review. High mobility group box 1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and many clinical and pathological characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas patients. Additionally, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products demonstrates potential value as a clinical indicator of tumor angiogenesis and advanced staging. In diagnosis, high mobility group box 1 demonstrates low sensitivity. Conclusion High mobility group box 1 and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts are associated with clinical and pathological characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Further investigation of the prognostic and diagnostic value of these molecules is warranted.

Clinical Value of High Mobility Group Box 1 and the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Introduction High mobility group box 1 is a versatile protein involved in gene transcription, extracellular signaling, and response to inflammation. Extracellularly, high mobility group box 1 binds to several receptors, notably the receptor for advanced glycation end-products. Expression of high mobility group box 1 and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products has been described in many cancers. Objectives To systematically review the available literature using PubMed and Web of Science to evaluate the clinical value of high mobility group box 1 and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Data synthesis A total of eleven studies were included in this review. High mobility group box 1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and many clinical and pathological characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas patients. Additionally, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products demonstrates potential value as a clinical indicator of tumor angiogenesis and advanced staging. In diagnosis, high mobility group box 1 demonstrates low sensitivity. Conclusion High mobility group box 1 and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products are associated with clinical and pathological characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Further investigation of the prognostic and diagnostic value of these molecules is warranted.