Meshing around: high-risk hernias and infected mesh.

Open laparotomy carries a risk up to 20% for an incisional hernia, making repair one of the most common operations performed by general surgeons in the USA. Despite a multitude of mesh appliances and techniques, no size fits all, and there is continued debate on what is the best mesh type, especially in high-risk patients with contaminated hernias. Infected mesh carries a significant burden to the patient, the surgeon and overall healthcare costs with medical legal implications. A stepwise approach that involves optimization of patient comorbidities, patient selective choice of mesh and technique is imperative in mitigating outcomes and recurrence rates. This review will focus on the avoidance of mesh infection and the selection of mesh in patients with contaminated wounds.

Analgesia con bloqueo TAP y bomba elastomérica en la reparación de hernias ventrales (primarias e incisionales) abdominales por laparoscopia en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria / Analgesia with TAP block and elastomeric pump in the repair of ventral (primary and incisional) abdominal hernias by laparoscopy in major outpatient surgery

Antecedentes: El dolor moderado severo es una limitación para la incorporación de procedimientos en cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA), siendo uno de los principales motivos de reingreso o consulta a urgencias en las primeras horas del postoperatorio. Representa un indicador de calidad para las unidades de CMA. Algún estudio ya mide la eficacia de las bombas elastoméricas en el domicilio en CMA, pero no para la reparación de eventración de línea media por laparoscopia. Objetivo: Se diseñó un estudio para medir el dolor postoperatorio en la reparación de hernias ventrales, primarias o incisionales, de línea media por vía laparoscópica (malla fijada con tackers y cola de cianocrialato) con un diámetro transverso inferior a los 8 centímetros, en pacientes ASA I-II. Se valoró la viabilidad de la utilización de las bombas elastoméricas, con infusión continua de antinfl amatorio, opiáceos débiles y antieméticos en el domicilio del paciente. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional en pacientes ASA I-II, intervenidos de reparación de hernia ventral por laparoscopia, bajo una estrategia de control de dolor multimodal. Se realizó anestesia general endovenosa, con propofol y remifentanilo, junto a perfusión de lidocaína, y bloqueo TAP ecoguiado con levobupivacaína y mepivacaína con punción bilateral. Se inició la analgesia endovenosa intraoperatoriamente y para domicilio se pautó bomba elastomérica con dexketoprofeno, tramadol y ondansetrón, que se inció en la zona de recuperación postanestésica, junto a paracetamol fi jo y metamizol de rescate. La enfermería integrante de la unidad de hospitalización a domicilio se encargó del control postoperatorio en el domicilio del paciente. Se midió a las 24 h y 48 h el dolor postoperatorio a través de las escalas EVA y Andersen, además de las complicaciones que hubieran surgido (disfunción del dispositivo, náuseas/vómitos, complicaciones quirúrgicas)...(AU)

Background: Severe moderate pain is a limitation for the incorporation of procedures in major ambulatory surgery (MOS), being one of the main reasons for readmission or consultation to the emergency department in the first postoperative hours. It represents a quality indicator for AMC units. Some studies have already measured the efficacy of elastomeric pumps in the home in the AMC, but not for laparoscopic repair of midline eventration. Objective: A study was designed to measure postoperative pain in the repair of ventral, primary or incisional, midline hernias by laparoscopy (mesh fixed withtackers and cyanocryalate glue) with a transverse diameter of less than 8 centimeters, in ASA I-II patients. The feasibility of using elastomeric pumps withcontinuous infusion of anti-inflammatory drugs, weak opioids and antiemetics at the patient’s home was assessed. Patients and methods: Prospective observational study in ASA I-II patients who underwent laparoscopic ventral hernia repair under a multimodal pain control strategy. Intravenous general anesthesia was performed with propofol and remifentanil, together with lidocaine perfusion, and ultrasound-guided TAP block with levobupivacaine and mepivacaine with bilateral puncture. Intravenous analgesia was started intraoperatively and an elastomeric pump with dexketoprofen, tramadoland ondansetron was prescribed for home use, which was started in the postanesthetic recovery area, together with fixed paracetamol and rescue metamizole. The nursing staff of the home hospitalization unit was in charge of postoperative monitoring at the patient’s home. Postoperative pain was measured at 24 h and 48 h using the VAS and Andersen scales, as well as any complications that might have arisen (device dysfunction, nausea/vomiting, surgical complications). Patient satisfaction was measured by means of a survey at 30 days, during the postoperative follow-up with the surgeon.(AU)

Use of botulinum toxin type A in the prehabilitation of abdominal wall musculature for hernia repair: a consensus proposal.

The prehabilitation of the abdominal wall through the infiltration of botulinum toxin type A, which induces temporary chemical denervation ("chemical component separation") in the lateral abdominal musculature, is a common practice in units specialized in abdominal wall surgery. However, its use for this indication is currently off-label. The main objective of this article is to describe a consensus proposal regarding indications, contraindications, dosages employed, potential side effects, administration method, and measurement of possible outcomes. Additionally, a proposal for an informed consent document endorsed by the Abdominal Wall Section of the Spanish Association of Surgeons is attached.

Analysis of recurrence and risk factors in laparoscopic sandwich technique for parastomal hernia repair.

INTRODUCTION: Parastomal hernias are frequent and highly recurrent. The sandwich technique is a combination of the keyhole and Sugarbaker techniques, using a double intraperitoneal mesh. The objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of the sandwich technique, specifically focusing on recurrence rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational retrospective study conducted in two tertiary referral centers in Catalonia, Spain. All consecutive patients who underwent parastomal hernia repair using the sandwich technique between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2021 were included. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients underwent the laparoscopic sandwich technique for parastomal hernia repair. The overall recurrence rate was 7.9% (3/38), with a median follow-up of 39 months (IQR: 12.3-56.5). According to the EHS classification for parastomal hernia, there were 47.4% (18/38) type I defects, 10.5% (4/38) type II defects, 28.9% (11/38) type III defects, and 13.2% (5/38) type IV defects. The used mesh was predominantly TiMesh® (76.3%; 29/38), followed by DynaMesh® IPOM (23.7%; 9/38). Patients with recurrence exhibited higher rates of seroma, hematoma, surgical site infection, and one case of early recurrence attributed to mesh retraction. Consequently, postoperative complications emerged as the primary risk factor for hernia recurrence. CONCLUSION: The sandwich technique demonstrated recurrence rates consistent with those reported in the existing literature.

Parietex™ Composite Ventral Patch for primary and incisional hernia repair.

BACKGROUNDS: Ventral hernia repair with a preformed device is a frequent intervention, but few reports exist with Parietex™ Composite Ventral Patch. The aim was to evaluate the results of this mesh with the open intraperitoneal onlay mesh (open IPOM) technique. METHODS: Observational retrospective single institution study of all consecutive patients intervened for ventral or incisional hernia with a diameter inferior to 4 cm, from January 2013 to June 2020. The surgical repair was performed according to the open IPOM technique with Parietex™ Composite Ventral Patch. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients were intervened: 61.6% with umbilical hernias, 8.2% with epigastric hernias, 26.7% with trocar incisional hernias, and 3.4% with other incisional hernias. The global recurrence rate was 7.5% (11/146). Specifically, it was 7.8% in umbilical hernias, 0% in epigastric hernias, 7.7% in trocar incisional hernias and 20% (1/5) in other incisional hernias. The median time for recurrence was 14 months (IQR: 4.4-18.7). The median indirect follow-up was 36.9 months (IQR: 27.2-49.6), and the median presential follow-up was 17.4 months (IQR: 6.5-27.3). CONCLUSION: The open IPOM technique with a preformed patch offered satisfactory results for the treatment of ventral and incisional hernias.

Experiencia del tratamiento de la hernia incisional en un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia / Experience of the treatment of incisional hernia in a third level hospital in Colombia

Introducción. El manejo de las hernias se ha instaurado como un problema quirúrgico común, estimándose su aumento en los próximos años. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el curso clínico, los aspectos del tratamiento quirúrgico y factores asociados a la presencia de complicaciones en pacientes intervenidos por hernia incisional. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo en el que se analizaron las características de una cohorte de pacientes llevados a corrección quirúrgica de hernia incisional en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, un centro de alta complejidad en Neiva, Colombia, entre 2012 y 2019. Los datos fueron recolectados en programa Microsoft Excel® y analizados en SPSSTM, versión 21. Resultados. Se realizaron 133 correcciones de hernias incisionales, 69,9 % en mujeres y la mayoría ubicadas en la línea media (84,2 %). La edad media de los pacientes al momento de la intervención fue de 52 años ±14,6. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron obesidad, hipertensión y diabetes. La causa más frecuente de la hernia fue traumática (61,7 %). La frecuencia de complicaciones fue superior al 50 %, en su mayoría menores; se encontró asociación con obesidad para la presencia de seroma. La mortalidad fue del 2,3 %. Conclusión.La hernia incisional es un problema de salud pública. Consideramos que la obesidad y el uso de malla pueden ser factores de riesgo asociados con la presentación de complicaciones postoperatorias, así como el aumento de los gastos relacionados con días de hospitalización

Introduction. Hernias management has become a common surgical problem, with an estimated increase in the coming years. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical course, aspects of surgical treatment and factors associated with the presence of complications in patients operated on for incisional hernia. Methods. Descriptive study, in which the characteristics of a cohort of patients taken to surgical correction of incisional hernia at the Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, a high complexity medical center located in Neiva, Colombia, between 2012 and 2019 were analyzed, whose data were collected in Microsoft Excel® software and analyzed in SPSSTM, version 21. Results. One-hundred-thirty-three incisional hernia corrections were performed. The mean age at the intervention was 52 years ±14.6. The most frequent comorbidities were weight disorders, hypertension and diabetes. Only one laparoscopy was performed, the first etiology of the hernia was traumatic (61.7%) and midline (84.2%). The frequency of complications was greater than 50%, mostly minors. An association with obesity was found for the presence of seroma. Mortality was 2.3%. Conclusion. Incisional hernia is a public health problem. We consider that obesity and the use of mesh are a risk factor associated with the presentation of postoperative complications as well as the increase in costs related to days of hospitalization

Botulinum toxin A (IncobotulinumtoxinA) and pneumoperitoneum image-guided for hernia repair with loss of dominance.

Post-incisional ventral hernia is estimated at 5-30%, when the content of the abdominal cavity migrates to the hernial sac (HSV), with a HSV/abdominal cavity volume ratio > 25%, conditioning systemic changes defined as "loss of domain". A 27-year-old male presented with ventral hernia with loss of domain that required pre-operative preparation techniques, using application of botulinum toxin A (IncobotulinumtoxinA) and pneumoperitoneum, both guided by image. A ventral plasty was performed with adequate return of the viscera to the abdominal cavity. The combination of both techniques seems to be a safe procedure to carry out a tension-free repair.

La hernia ventral postincisional se estima en 5 al 30%, cuando el contenido de la cavidad abdominal migra al saco herniario, con una relación VSH/VCA > 25% condicionando cambios sistémicos se define como "pérdida de dominio". Masculino de 27 años con hernia ventral con pérdida de dominio que ameritó técnicas de preparación preoperatoria, utilizando toxina botulínica A (IncobotulinumtoxinA) y neumoperitoneo, ambos guíados por imagen. Se realizó una plastia ventral con adecuado regreso de las vísceras a la cavidad abdominal. La combinación de ambas técnicas es un procedimiento seguro para realizar una reparación libre de tensión.

Endoscopic Mini-or Less-Open Sublay Operation (E/MILOS) in ventral hernia repair: a minimally invasive alternative technique / Endoscopic Mini or Less Open Sublay Repair (E/MILOS) na correção das hérnias ventrais: uma alternativa técnica minimamente invasiva

ABSTRACT The ideal ventral hernia surgical repair is still in discussion1. The defect closure with a mesh-based repair is the base of surgical repair, in open or minimally invasive techniques2. The open methods lead to a higher surgical site infections incidence, meanwhile, the laparoscopic IPOM (intraperitoneal onlay mesh) increases the risk of intestinal lesions, adhesions, and bowel obstruction, in addition to requiring double mesh and fixation products which increase its costs and could worsen the post-operative pain3-5. The eTEP (extended/enhanced view totally intraperitoneal) technique has also arisen as a good option for this hernia repair. To avoid the disadvantages found in classic open and laparoscopic techniques, the MILOS (Endoscopically Assisted Mini or Less Open Sublay Repair) concept, created by W. Reinpold et al. in 2009, 3 years after eTEP conceptualization, allows the usage of bigger meshes through a small skin incision and laparoscopic retro-rectus space dissection, as the 2016 modification, avoiding an intraperitoneal mesh placement6,7. This new technique has been called E-MILOS (Endoscopic Mini or Less Open Sublay Repair)8. The aim of this paper is to report the E-MILOS techniques primary experience Brazil, in Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo.

RESUMO O tratamento cirúrgico ideal para correção das hérnias ventrais ainda é motivo de grande discussão1. O fechamento do defeito associado a utilização de telas para reforço da parede abdominal são passos fundamentais da terapia cirúrgica, podendo ser realizados tanto pela via aberta quanto pelas técnicas minimamente invasivas2. A via aberta apresenta maiores taxas de infecção de sítio cirúrgico, enquanto o reparo laparoscópico IPOM (intraperitoneal onlay mesh) acarreta um risco aumentado de lesões intestinais, aderências e obstruções intestinais, além de requerer uso de telas de dupla face e dispositivos de fixação que encarecem o procedimento e não raro aumentam a dor no pós-operatório3-5. A técnica eTEP (extended/enhanced view totally extraperitoneal), tem ganhado importância, mostrando-se uma boa opção para a correção das hérnias ventrais também2. A fim de se evitar as desvantagens das técnicas abertas e laparoscópicas "clássicas" o conceito MILOS (Endoscopically Assisted Mini or Less Open Sublay Repair), desenvolvido por W. Reinpold et al. em 2009, 3 anos antes do advento do eTEP, possibilita ao cirurgião o uso de telas de grandes dimensões no plano retromuscular através de uma pequena incisão na pele e dissecção laparoscópica deste espaço, conforme modificação realizada em 2016, evitando a colocação de uma tela no espaço intraperitoneal6-7. Esta nova técnica passou a se chamar EMILOS (Endoscopic Mini or Less Open Sublay Repair)8 Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar nossa experiência inicial no emprego da técnica E-MILOS no Brasil, na Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo.

Manejo laparoscópico de las hernias ventrales mediante abordaje totalmente extraperitoneal (eTEP): experiencia inicial y resultados a corto plazo / Laparoscopic Management of Ventral Hernias by Totally Extraperitoneal (eTEP) Approach: Initial Experience and Short-Term Results / Manejo laparoscópico de hérnias ventrais usando uma abordagem totalmente extraperitoneal (eTEP): experiência inicial e resultados em curto prazo

Introducción. El manejo de la hernia ventral sigue siendo un desafío para los cirujanos. Su reparación mediante técnicas mínimamente invasivas, como la totalmente extraperitoneal (eTEP) laparoscópica, permite una amplia disección del espacio a reparar, una recuperación postoperatoria más rápida, menor dolor postoperatorio y estancia hospitalaria. El abordaje eTEP es un enfoque novedoso que utiliza el espacio retromuscular para colocar material protésico y fortalecer la pared abdominal. El objetivo es describir los resultados a corto plazo de nuestra experiencia inicial con la técnica eTEP en el manejo de las hernias ventrales. Metodología. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, donde se incluyen pacientes con el diagnóstico de hernia ventral, sometidos a cirugía laparoscópicaeTEP, entre julio-2021 y junio-2022. Resultados. De un total de 21 pacientes, el 61.9% fueron hombres. El 47.6% tenían sobrepeso y el 52.4% obesidad. Estancia hospitalaria media: 1.6 días. El 66.7% fueron hernias incisionales. Las técnicas quirúrgicas realizadas fueron: Rives-Stoppa (71.4%) asociándose liberación del músculo transverso en el 28.6%. El 19% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones globales y solo uno fue grave, requiriendo reintervención quirúrgica. Se observó la presencia de seroma clínico en el 9.5% y ecográfico en 57.1%. No se evidenciaron hematomas, infección de herida quirúrgica ni casos de recidiva herniaria. Discusión y conclusiones. El abordaje laparoscópico eTEP Rives-Stoppa, asociado o no a separación posterior de componentes, en el manejo de las hernias ventrales ofrece buenos resultados asociando una baja incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias, corta estancia hospitalaria, baja incidencia de recidivas herniarias, por lo que podría considerarse una técnica segura y efectiva en el tratamiento de las hernias ventrales.

Introduction. Managing ventral hernia remains a challenge for surgeons. Repairing it using minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (eTEP), which allows for a wide dissection of the space to be repaired, faster postoperative recovery, less postoperative pain and shorter hospital stay. The eTEP approach is a novel technique that focus on the uses of the retromuscular space to place prosthetic material and strengthen the abdominal wall. The objective is to describe the short-term results of our initial experience with the eTEP technique in the management of ventral hernias. Methodology. Observational, descriptive, retrospective, study, which included patients with a diagnosis of ventral hernia, undergoing laparoscopic eTEP surgery, between July-2021 and June-2022. Results. Of a total of 21 patients, 61.9% were men. 47.6% were overweight and 52.4% were obese. Average hospital stay: 1.6 days. 66.7% were incisional hernias. The surgical techniques performed were: Rives-Stoppa (71.4%) with associated transversus abdominis muscle release in 28.6%. 19% of the patients presented global complications and only one was severe, requiring surgical reintervention. The presence of clinical seroma was observed in 9.5% and ultrasound in 57.1%. There was no evidence of hematomas, surgical wound infection or cases of hernia recurrence. Discussion and conclusions. The laparoscopic-eTEP Rives-Stoppa approach, associated or not with posterior separation of components, in the management of ventral hernias offers good results with a low incidence of postoperative complications, short hospital stay, low incidence of hernia recurrences, so it could be considered a safe and effective technique in the treatment of ventral hernias.

Introdução. O manejo da hérnia ventral continua sendo um desafio para os cirurgiões. Seu reparo por meio de técnicas minimamente invasivas, como a totalmente extraperitoneal (eTEP) laparoscópica, permite ampla dissecção do espaço a ser reparado, recuperação pós-operatória mais rápida, menor dor pós-operatória e menor tempo de internação. A abordagem eTEP é uma nova abordagem que usa o espaço retromuscular para colocar material protético e fortalecer a parede abdominal. O objetivo é descrever os resultados de curto prazo de nossa experiência inicial com a técnica eTEP no manejo de hérnias ventrais. Metodologia. Estudo observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo, longitudinal, que inclui pacientes com diagnóstico de hérnia ventral, submetidos a cirurgia laparoscópica-eTEP, entre julho-2021 e junho-2022. Resultados. De um total de 21 pacientes, 61.9% eram homens; 47.6% estavam com sobrepeso e 52.4% obesos. Tempo médio de internação: 1.6 dias; 66.7% eran hérnias incisionais. As técnicas cirúrgicas realizadas foram: Rives-Stoppa (71.4%) associada à liberação do músculo transverso em 28.6%. 19% dos pacientes apresentaram complicações globais e apenas um foi grave, necesitando de reintervenção cirúrgica. A presença de seroma clínico foi observada em 9.5% e ultrassonográfica em 57.1%. Não houve evidência de hematoma, infecção de ferida cirúrgica ou casos de recidiva de hérnia. Discussão e conclusões. A abordagem laparoscópica eTEP Rives-Stoppa, associada ou não à separação posterior dos componentes, no manejo das hérnias ventrais oferece bons resultados associando baixa incidência de complicações pós-operatórias, curto tempo de internação, baixa incidência de recidivas de hérnias, pelo que pode ser considerada uma técnica segura e eficaz no tratamento das hérnias ventrais.

Expanding indication of laparoscopic intracorporeal rectus aponeuroplasty (LIRA) to suprapubic area: LIRA & TAPE / Indicación extendida de la aponeuroplastia intracorpórea de rectos laparoscópica (LIRA) al área suprapúbica: LIRA & TAPE

Laparoscopic intracorporeal rectus aponeuroplasty (LIRA) is a minimally invasive technique described to repair M2–M4 primary and incisional hernias. Defects below this area (M5 – Suprapubic area) could be treated using the concept associated to LIRA, expanding the indication of this technique in combination with a transabdominal partially extraperitoneal (TAPE) repair. The aim of this video is to show the surgical steps in the combination of LIRA & TAPE for M2–M5 ventral hernias (AU)

La aponeuroplastia intracorpórea de rectos laparoscópica (LIRA) es una técnica mínimamente invasiva para la reparación de las hernias incisionales de M2 a M4. Los defectos por debajo de esta zona (M5 – área suprapúbica) se pueden reparar mediante una indicación extendida de LIRA combinada con la reparación transabdominal parcialmente extraperitoneal (TAPE). El objetivo de este video es demostrar los pasos quirúrgicos en la combinación de LIRA & TAPE para hernias ventrales de M2 a M5 (AU)

Expanding indication of laparoscopic intracorporeal rectus aponeuroplasty (LIRA) to suprapubic area: LIRA & TAPE.

Laparoscopic intracorporeal rectus aponeuroplasty (LIRA) is a minimally invasive technique described to repair M2-M4 primary and incisional hernias. Defects below this area (M5 - Suprapubic area) could be treated using the concept associated to LIRA, expanding the indication of this technique in combination with a transabdominal partially extraperitoneal (TAPE) repair. The aim of this video is to show the surgical steps in the combination of LIRA & TAPE for M2-M5 ventral hernias.

Are preoperative CT variables associated with the success or failure of subsequent ventral hernia repair: nested case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: Systematic review of CT measurements to predict the success or failure of subsequent ventral hernia repair has found limited data available in the indexed literature. To rectify this, we investigated multiple preoperative CT metrics to identify if any were associated with postoperative reherniation. METHODS: Following ethical permission, we identified patients who had undergone ventral hernia repair and had preoperative CT scanning available. Two radiologists made multiple measurements of the hernia and abdominal musculature from these scans, including loss of domain. Patients were divided subsequently into two groups, defined by hernia recurrence at 1-year subsequent to surgery. Hypothesis testing investigated any differences between CT measurements from each group. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-eight patients (95 male) were identified, 34 (18%) whose hernia had recurred by 1-year. Only three of 34 CT measurements were significantly different when patients whose hernia had recurred were compared to those who had not; these significant findings were assumed contingent on multiple testing. In particular, preoperative hernia volume (recurrence 155.3 cc [IQR 355.65] vs. no recurrence 78.2 [IQR 303.52], p = 0.26) nor loss of domain, whether calculated using the Tanaka (recurrence 0.02 [0.04] vs. no recurrence 0.009 [0.04], p = 0.33) or Sabbagh (recurrence 0.019 [0.05] vs. no recurrence 0.009 [0.04], p = 0.25) methods, differed between significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative CT measurements of ventral hernia morphology, including loss of domain, appear unrelated to postoperative recurrence. It is likely that the importance of such measurements to predict recurrence is outweighed by other patient factors and surgical reconstruction technique. KEY POINTS: • Preoperative CT scanning is often performed for ventral hernia but systematic review revealed little data regarding whether CT variables predict postoperative reherniation. • We found that the large majority of CT measurements, including loss of domain, did not differ significantly between patients whose hernia did and did not recur. • It is likely that the importance of CT measurements to predict recurrence is outweighed by other patient factors and surgical reconstruction technique.

Onlay versus sublay techniques for incisional hernia repair: 30-day postoperative outcomes / Comparação das técnicas onlay e sublay para correção de hérnia incisional: desfechos nos primeiros 30 dias pós-operatórios

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The development of an incisional hernia is a common complication following laparotomy. It also has an important economic impact on healthcare systems and social security budget. The mesh reinforcement of the abdominal wall was an important advancement to increase the success of the repairs and reduce its long-term recurrence. The two most common locations for mesh placement in ventral hernia repairs include the premuscular (onlay technique) and retromuscular planes (sublay technique). However, until now, there is no consensus in the literature about the ideal location of the mesh. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the two most common incisional hernia repair techniques (onlay and sublay) with regard to the complication rate within the first 30 days of postoperative care. METHOD: This study analyzes 115 patients who underwent either onlay or sublay incisional hernia repairs and evaluates the 30-day postoperative surgical site occurrences and hernia recurrence for each technique. RESULTS: We found no difference in the results between the groups, except in seroma formation, which was higher in patients submitted to the sublay technique, probably due to the lower rate of drain placement in this group. CONCLUSION: Both techniques of mesh placement seem to be adequate in the repair of incisional hernias, with no major difference in surgical site occurrences.

RESUMO RACIONAL: O desenvolvimento de hérnia incisional é uma complicação comum após laparotomias. Também tem um impacto econômico importante nos sistemas de saúde e no orçamento da previdência social. O reforço com tela da parede abdominal foi um avanço importante para aumentar o sucesso dos reparos e ajudou a reduzir sua recorrência em longo prazo. Os dois locais mais comuns para colocação de tela em reparos de hérnia incisional incluem os planos pré-muscular (técnica onlay) e retromuscular (técnica sublay). Porém, até o momento, não há consenso na literatura sobre a localização ideal da tela. OBJETIVOS: Comparar as duas técnicas de reparo de hérnia incisional mais comuns (onlay e sublay) em relação à taxa de complicações nos primeiros 30 dias de pós-operatório. MÉTODO: Analisar 115 pacientes submetidos a reparos de hérnia incisional onlay ou sublay e avaliar, como desfecho, as ocorrências de sítio cirúrgico no pós-operatório de trinta dias e a recorrência precoce para cada técnica. RESULTADOS: Não encontramos diferença nos resultados entre os grupos, exceto na formação de seroma, que foi maior nos pacientes submetidos à técnica de sublay, provavelmente pela menor taxa de colocação de dreno neste grupo. CONCLUSÃO: Assim, ambas as técnicas de colocação de tela parecem ser adequadas no reparo de hérnias incisionais, sem grande diferença nos desfechos precoces, relacionados a ao sítio cirúrgico.

Surgical treatment of complex ventral hernia in a patient with colostomy status (colostomy takedown anastomosis and abdominal wall repair).

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous ventral hernia repair with another intestinal surgery have been described. CASE REPORT: A case of complex ventral hernia in a patient with colostomy status is described. Infiltration of botulinic toxin and progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum was performed successfully prior to the surgical procedure during which mechanic restitution of gastrointestinal and ventral hernioplasty. CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients, complex ventral hernia repair, with prior progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum, and restitution of gastrointestinal tract can be done in a single surgical procedure, considering the patient's clinical conditions and the surgeon's experience.

ANTECEDENTES: Se ha descrito la reparación de hernias ventrales y alguna otra cirugía intestinal de manera simultánea. CASO CLÍNICO: Se describe el caso de una hernia ventral compleja con pérdida de dominio, en un paciente masculino en estatus de colostomía. Se realizó infiltración de toxina botulínica más neumoperitoneo progresivo preoperatorio previo al acto quirúrgico, durante el cual se realizó restitución mecánica del tránsito intestinal y hernioplastia ventral exitosamente. CONCLUSIONES: En pacientes seleccionados, la reparación de la hernia ventral compleja, previo manejo con neumoperitoneo preoperatorio y restitución del tránsito intestinal, puede realizarse en un solo procedimiento quirúrgico, considerando las condiciones clínicas del paciente y la experiencia del cirujano.

Técnica TARUP. Ventajas de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva de la pared abdominal asistida por robot / TARUP technique. Advantages of minimally invasive robot-assisted abdominal Wall surgery

La reparación de la hernia ventral/incisional mediante cirugía mínimamente invasiva asistida por robot ha aumentado exponencialmente en los últimos años. Este aumento probablemente esté relacionado con las ventajas que aporta, destacando una mejor visualización, la implementación de instrumentos articulados y la mejor ergonomía para el cirujano. La técnica TARUP (Robotic Transabdominal Retromuscular Umbilical Prosthetic Hernia Repair) combina los beneficios de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva asistida por robot con una menor morbilidad relacionada con la herida y la colocación de una malla en posición retromuscular. (AU)

The use of robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery in ventral/incisional hernia repair has increased exponentially in recent years. This increase is probably related to the advantages of robotic surgery, among which are better visualization, the implementation of articulated instruments and better ergonomics for the surgeon. The TARUP (Robotic Transabdominal Retromuscular Umbilical Prosthetic Hernia Repair) technique combines the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, in terms of less wound-related morbidity, also allowing the placement of a mesh in a retromuscular position facilitated by the use of the robotic platform. (AU)

Abdomen abierto y cierre temprano de la pared abdominal / Open abdomen and early closure of the abdominal wall

El abdomen abierto es una opción terapéutica en pacientes críticamente enfermos. Se utiliza cuando el cierre de la cavidad abdominal no puede o no debe ser realizado. No obstante, su utilidad como parte de una estrategia tradicionalmente aceptada ha disminuido, en la medida en que se han incrementado las secuelas en la pared abdominal, en especial la hernia ventral. Los procedimientos requeridos para la reconstrucción anatómica y funcional de la pared abdominal, como parte del tratamiento de una hernia ventral, revisten una alta complejidad y constituyen un nuevo escenario quirúrgico. Igualmente, conllevan incertidumbre respecto a su naturaleza y posibles complicaciones, además de que condicionan mayores gastos al sistema de salud. Para evitar los problemas del cierre tardío de la pared abdominal, se han desarrollado alternativas para superar el abordaje tradicional de "tratar y esperar", hacia "tratar y reconstruir" tempranamente. El objetivo de la presente revisión es realizar una descripción de los principales avances en el tratamiento del abdomen abierto y el papel del cierre temprano de la pared abdominal, haciendo énfasis en la importancia de un cambio conceptual en el mismo

The open abdomen is a therapeutic option in critically ill patients. It is used when the closure of the abdominal cavity cannot or should not be performed. However, its usefulness as part of a traditionally accepted strategy has diminished, as sequelae in the abdominal wall, especially ventral hernia, have increased. The procedures required for the anatomical and functional reconstruction of the abdominal wall, as part of the treatment of a ventral hernia, are highly complex and constitute a new surgical scenario. Likewise, they lead to uncertainty regarding their nature and possible complications, in addition to conditioning higher expenses for the health system. To avoid the problems of delayed closure of the abdominal wall, alternatives have been developed to overcome the traditional "try and wait" approach to "treat and reconstruct" early. The objective of this review is to describe the main advances in the treatment of the open abdomen and the role of early closure of the abdominal wall, emphasizing the importance of a conceptual change in it

TARUP technique. Advantages of minimally invasive robot-assisted abdominal Wall surgery. / Técnica TARUP. Ventajas de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva de la pared abdominal asistida por robot.

The use of robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery in ventral/incisional hernia repair has increased exponentially in recent years. This increase is probably related to the advantages of robotic surgery, among which are better visualization, the implementation of articulated instruments and better ergonomics for the surgeon. The TARUP (Robotic Transabdominal Retromuscular Umbilical Prosthetic Hernia Repair) technique combines the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, in terms of less wound-related morbidity, also allowing the placement of a mesh in a retromuscular position facilitated by the use of the robotic platform.

Endoscopic transposition with the hernial sac (eTHS) in ventral hernia repair - technical description / Transposição endoscópica do saco herniário (TeSH) no tratamento da hérnia ventral - descrição da técnica

ABSTRACT Incisional hernia is a late complication of the most frequent after abdominal surgeries, with resulting morbidity that can worsen the condition. The treatment has been done both by open techniques, using screens or not, and by laparoscopic and robotic methods, which use them systematically. However, introducing a permanent foreign body into the tissues requires more surgical time, despite not closing the parietal defect in most cases and a higher risk of infections. New technologies have been trying to improve these results, with absorbable prostheses (biological or synthetic), but their high cost and recurrences remain a severe problem. Even so, standard repair establishes reinforcement with screens, routine, and whether the approach is traditional or mini-invasive. The authors report their first case of endoscopic repair of incisional hernia, which occurred two years ago, with a Brazilian technique already fifty years old: the transposition with the hernia sac proposed by Prof. Alcino Lázaro da Silva in 1971.

RESUMO A hérnia incisional é uma das complicações tardias mais frequentes, após operações abdominais, resultando em alta morbidade. O tratamento tem sido feito tanto por técnicas abertas, com telas ou sem, quanto por métodos laparoscópicos e robóticos, que utilizam próteses de forma sistemática. No entanto, a introdução de um corpo estranho permanente entre os tecidos requer mais tempo cirúrgico, não fecha o defeito parietal na maioria dos casos e está associado a maior risco de infecções. Novas tecnologias têm sido utilizadas para melhorar esses resultados, empregando próteses absorvíveis (biológicas ou sintéticas), mas o alto custo e as recidivas continuam sendo um grave problema. No entanto, a reparação padrão rotineiramente estabelece reforço com telas, seja na abordagem tradicional ou minimamente invasiva. Os autores relatam o primeiro caso do reparo endoscópico de hérnia incisional, usando técnica brasileira com 50 anos de idade: a transposição com o saco herniário, conforme proposta pelo Prof. Alcino Lázaro da Silva, em 1971.

Image Inversion during Xi Robotic ventral hernia repair: making it even more effective / Inversão de imagem em cirurgia robótica de hérnia ventral com a plataforma Da vinci Xi: tornando-a ainda mais ergonômica

ABSTRACT Introduction: currently, there are several clinical applications for robot-assisted surgery and in the hernia scenario, robot-assisted surgery seems to have the ability to overcome laparoscopic ventral hernias repairs limitations, facilitating dissection, defect closure, and mesh positioning. Exponentially grown in numbers of robotic approaches have been seen and even more complex and initially not suitable cases have recently become eligible for it. An appropriate tension-free reestablishment of the linea alba is still a major concern in hernia surgery and even with the robotic platform, dissecting and suturing in anterior abdominal wall may be challenging. This article reports a technical image artifice during a da vinci Xi-platform robotic ventral hernia repair allowing the surgeon to establish a more familiar and ergonomic manner to perform dissection and suturing in anterior abdominal wall. Technical Report: a step by step guided technique of image inversion artifice is described using detailed commands and figures to assure optimal surgical field and ergonomics whenever acting in robotic ventral hernias repair with the da Vinci Xi-platform. Our group brief experience is also reported, showing an easy and reproducible feature among surgeons with safe outcomes. Conclusion: we consider that image inversion artifice is a simple and reproducible feature in robotic ventral hernia repair. Through a step-by-step guide, this report enables the creation of an artifice providing a comfortable operative field and allowing the surgeon to achieve its best proficiency in hernia surgery.

RESUMO Introdução: as qualidades da cirurgia robótica em diversos campos da cirurgia minimamente invasiva são notórias e, no cenário de hérnias abdominais, ela tem se mostrado capaz de superar as limitações da laparoscopia facilitando a dissecção, o fechamento do defeito herniário e o posicionamento da tela. O número de abordagens robóticas cresceu exponencialmente e casos ainda mais complexos e inicialmente inadequados tornaram-se recentemente elegíveis para uma cirurgia menos invasiva. A reconstrução adequada da linha alba e livre de tensão ainda é uma grande preocupação na cirurgia de hérnia e, mesmo com a plataforma robótica, dissecar e suturar na parede abdominal anterior pode ser um desafio. Este artigo relata um artifício técnico com inversão de imagem durante a correção de hérnia ventral robótica com a plataforma Da vinci Xi, permitindo ao cirurgião estabelecer uma maneira mais familiar e ergonômica de realizar dissecção e sutura na parede abdominal anterior. Nota Técnica: uma técnica guiada passo a passo com artifício de inversão de imagem é descrita usando comandos e figuras detalhadas para garantir campo cirúrgico ideal e melhor ergonomia ao cirurgião sempre que atuar na correção de hérnias ventrais robóticas com a plataforma Da vinci Xi. Nossa breve experiência de grupo também é relatada, mostrando-se uma técnica fácil e reprodutível entre cirurgiões com resultados seguros. Conclusão: consideramos que o artifício de inversão de imagens é uma característica simples e reprodutível na correção de hérnia ventral robótica. Por meio de um guia passo a passo, este artigo detalha a criação de um artifício técnico que proporciona um campo operatório confortável ao cirurgião atingindo sua melhor proficiência em cirurgia de hérnia.