The structure and function of antagonistic ties in village social networks.

Negative or antagonistic relationships are common in human social networks, but they are less often studied than positive or friendly relationships. The existence of a capacity to have and to track antagonistic ties raises the possibility that they may serve a useful function in human groups. Here, we analyze empirical data gathered from 24,770 and 22,513 individuals in 176 rural villages in Honduras in two survey waves 2.5 y apart in order to evaluate the possible relevance of antagonistic relationships for broader network phenomena. We find that the small-world effect is more significant in a positive world with negative ties compared to an otherwise similar hypothetical positive world without them. Additionally, we observe that nodes with more negative ties tend to be located near network bridges, with lower clustering coefficients, higher betweenness centralities, and shorter average distances to other nodes in the network. Positive connections tend to have a more localized distribution, while negative connections are more globally dispersed within the networks. Analysis of the possible impact of such negative ties on dynamic processes reveals that, remarkably, negative connections can facilitate the dissemination of information (including novel information experimentally introduced into these villages) to the same degree as positive connections, and that they can also play a role in mitigating idea polarization within village networks. Antagonistic ties hold considerable importance in shaping the structure and function of social networks.

Razões para viver e risco do suicídio em graduandos de uma universidade pública de Pernambuco / Reasons for living and the meaning of suicide in graduandos of a public university of Pernambuco / Razões para vivir y el significado del suicidio en graduandos de una universidad pública de Pernambuco

Objetivo: Investigar as Razões para Viver e os riscos da ideação suicida para os graduandos da Universidade de Pernambuco. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa com caráter descritivo realizada nas instituições do Campus Santo Amaro com 359 acadêmicos. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de dois instrumentos autoaplicáveis: um questionário sociodemográfico e a Escala de Razões para Viver. Os dados foram digitalizados em planilhas eletrônicas, o tratamento estatístico foi realizado no programa Excel. Resultados: Constatou-se que 46,52% dos acadêmicos possuem risco médio para a ideação suicida, ressalta-se ainda que um percentual de 3,62% dos estudantes teve risco elevado para o pensamento suicida. Conclusão: Tais achados constituem tanto como um diagnóstico situacional, para que as instituições de ensino superior promovam programas e estratégias voltados para a prevenção da ideação suicida e a redução de fatores de risco, tal como para que os docentes atuantes, dentro do campus ou os que assistem os estudantes fora dele, tenham conhecimento da importância de medidas que visem identificar e minimizar tal situação, melhorando assim o ambiente acadêmico. (AU)

Objective: To investigate the meaning of suicidal ideation for undergraduate at the University of Pernambuco. Methods: This is a quantitative research with descriptive character carried out in the institutions of the Campus Santo Amaro with 359 academics. Data collection was performed through two self-applied instruments: a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Scale of reasons to live. The data were scanned in spreadsheets, the statistical treatment was performed in the Excel program. Results: It was found that 46.52% of the students had a moderate risk for suicidal ideation. It was also noted a percentage of 3.62% of the students risk for suicidal thoughts. Conclusion: These findings constitute both a situational diagnosis, so that higher education institutions promote programs and strategies aimed at the prevention of suicidal ideation and the reduction of risk factors, such as for active teachers, on campus or which assist students outside of it, are aware of the importance of measures aimed at identifying and minimizing such situation, thus improving the academic environment. (AU)

Objetivo: Investigar el significado de laideación suicida para los graduandos de laUniversidad de Pernambuco. Métodos: Se trata de una investigacióncuantitativacon carácter descriptivo realizada enlasinstitucionesdel Campus Santo Amaro con 359 académicos. La recolección de datosfue realizada a través de dos instrumentos autoaplicables: uncuestionario sociodemográfico y la Escala De Razones para Vivir. Los datosfueron digitalizados enhojas de cálculo, eltratamiento estadístico fue realizado enel programa Excel. Resultados: Se constató que el 46,52% de los académicos poseenriesgopromedio para laideación suicida, se resaltaaún que unporcentajedel 3,62% de losestudiantestuvieronunriesgo elevado para elpensamiento suicida. Conclusión: Tales hallazgosconstituyen tanto como un diagnóstico situacional, para que lasinstituciones de enseñanza superior promuevan programas y estrategias dirigidos a laprevención de laideación suicida y lareducción de factores de riesgo, tal como para que los docentes actuantes, dentro del campus o que asisten a losestudiantesfuera de él, tenganconocimiento de laimportancia de medidas que apunte a identificar y minimizar tal situación, mejorandoasíel ambiente académico. (AU)

Lacan e Butler: a subversão da identidade / Lacan et Butler: la subversion de l'identité / Lacan and Butler: the subversion of identity

As reflexões presentes neste artigo tiveram o objetivo de trazer algumas diferenças e aproximações entre Lacan e Butler, a partir da concepção de identidade.Visa trazer a discussão justamente na tensão entre as duas áreas: como Lacan e Butler concebem os processos de identidade? Desta forma, os dois partem de contextos nos quais o Eu identitário e individualista adentra a esfera clínica e social; acreditam que a fundação do Eu implica dimensões sérias no campo da clínica e da ética; se distanciam em relação a desintegração do Eu; percebem que na base de qualquer identidade há um princípio de desligamento, ou seja, o que encontra-se na base da estrutura do Eu é uma opacidade fundamental, que implica consequências no campo da ética e da política.

Les réflexions présentes dans cet article ont le but d'apporter quelques différences et rapprochements entre Lacan et Butler, à partir de la conception de l'identité. Il vise à amener la discussion précisément dans la tension entre les deux domaines : comment Lacan et Butler conçoivent- ils les processus identitaires ? Ainsi, les deux partent de contextes dans lesquels le Moi identitaire et individualiste entre dans la sphère clinique et sociale ; ils croient que le fondement du Moi implique des dimensions sérieuses dans les domaines cliniques et éthiques ; ils prennent leurs distances par rapport à la désintégration du Moi ; ils perçoivent qu'à la base de toute identité il y a un principe de détachement, c'est-à-dire que ce qui est à la base de la structure du Moi est une opacité fondamentale, qui implique des conséquences dans le domaine de l'éthique et de la politique.

The reflections in this article aimed to bring some differences and approximations between Lacan and Butler, based on the conception of identity. It aims to bring the discussion precisely to the tension between the two areas: how do Lacan and Butler conceive the identity processes? In this way, both start from contexts in which the individualistic and identitarian self enters the clinical and social sphere; they believe that the foundation of the self implies serious dimensions in the clinical and ethical fields; they distance themselves from the disintegration of the self; they realize that at the base of any identity there is a principle of disconnection, that is, what lies at the base of the structure of the self is a fundamental opacity, which implies consequences in the ethical and political fields.

Person-Centered Leadership: The Practical Idea as a Dynamic Principle for Ethical Leadership.

In search of ethical conceptual frameworks that are applicable to the practical reality of companies, ethical leadership has recently gained ground in Business Ethics scholarship as a broad umbrella under which to fit both normative and descriptive approaches to management. This article delves into Carlos Llano's seminal studies in the field, and his rediscovery of the "practical idea" as a dynamic principle for integrating the practice of management and ethical leadership in light of a realistic personalism. Llano was one of the first authors to study the firm from a humanistic, people-centered perspective as a "community or people," and his view of practical wisdom is an effort to integrate this intellectual virtue with human will by offering a personalist open dynamism that is at the center of all relationships at work, allowing those involved to grow therein. Hence, his notion of the practical idea is his most original contribution to the promotion of managerial action as a catalyst for person-centered leadership.

On-farm assessment of the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems with three methods based on indicators.

Small-scale dairy systems are important contributors to national milk supplies in many areas of the world, and an option to ameliorate rural poverty in developing countries. In Mexico, they comprise over 78% of dairy farms. These systems must be sustainable in order to persist in the future. By applying several methods to assess the sustainability of farms, valuable information is collected on the practical, operational, and systemic requirements, as well as an insight into the difficulties in the use of each tool in practice. The objective was to assess the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems during the rainy season. Three methods were compared (IDEA, RISE, and SAFA) to evaluate their ability to deal with such systems in the Mexican context. Ten small-scale dairy farms were assessed from June to November 2018. Monthly semi-structured interviews were applied to collect economic, social, and environmental information. The three methods met criteria for on-farm assessments, with no large differences among them. The IDEA method was more applicable in the context of small-scale dairy systems because its indicators may be collected on-farm and were easy to measure. RISE requires more specialized technical information not always available at the small-scale farm level, and SAFA covered the largest number of indicators but is better suited for large-scale systems. The IDEA and RISE methods are adequate tools to assess the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems. The mean overall sustainability score over the three methods for the 10 assessed farms was 55.3±5.7 over 100. This medium level of sustainability indicates areas of opportunity to enhance the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems.

Manifestaciones psicológicas frente a la situación epidemiológica causada por la COVID-19 / Psychological manifestations against the epidemiological situation caused by COVID-19

Introducción: en el contexto de la pandemia por la COVID-19 y debido a su alta contagiosidad y al número cada vez mayor de casos confirmados y muertes en el mundo, las emociones y los pensamientos negativos se extienden como amenaza hacia la salud mental. Objetivo: identificar las manifestaciones psicológicas frente a la situación epidemiológica causada por la COVID-19. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, en el consultorio médico de la familia 16-A perteneciente al Policlínico docente Jimmy Hirtzel de Bayamo durante el mes de abril de 2020. Se estudiaron las variables ansiedad, depresión, estrés e idea suicida, para lo cual se aplicaron pruebas psicológicas. Resultados: predominó la ansiedad como estado con niveles alto (30,96 por ciento) y medio (26,90 por ciento); la depresión se manifestó como estado en los niveles medio (36,54 por ciento) y alto (13,70 por ciento) y medio (12,20 por ciento) como rasgo; el 66,49 por ciento de las personas presentaron niveles de estrés alterado; el 98,47 por ciento no mostró idea suicida. No se reveló asociación entre el estrés, la ansiedad (p= 0,90) y la depresión como rasgo y estado (p= 0,97). Conclusiones: frente a la situación epidemiológica causada por la COVID-19, las personas estudiadas presentaron alteraciones psicológicas de ansiedad y depresión como estado, altos niveles de estrés y sin idea suicida en la mayoría de los casos.

Introduction: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and due to its high contagiousness and the increasing number of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide, negative thoughts and emotions spread as a threat to mental health. Objective: To identify the psychological manifestations against the epidemiological situation caused by COVID-19. Material and Methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the 16-A family medicine office belonging to the Jimmy Hirtzel Teaching Polyclinic in Bayamo on April 2020. The variables of anxiety, depression, stress and suicidal ideation were studied to which psychological tests were applied. Results: Anxiety as a state predominated in the majority of patients with high (30.96 percent) and medium (26.90 percent) levels; depression manifested as a state in the medium (36.54 percent) and high (13.70 percent) and medium (12.20 percent) levels as a trait; 66.49 percent of the patients presented altered stress levels; 98.47 percent of the patients did not show a suicidal idea. There was no association between stress and anxiety (p= 0,90) and depression as a trait and state (p= 0,97). Conclusions: Coping with the epidemiological situation caused by COVID-19, the people studied presented psychological alterations of anxiety and depression as a state and high levels of stress, without suicidal ideation in most cases(AU)

Psicologia Racional e Antropologia Empírica em Kant / Rational Psychology and Empirical Anthropology in Kant

O presente artigo busca destacar a importância dos "Paralogismos da razão pura" para o projeto kantiano de uma antropologia empírica sistematicamente constituída, isto é, uma ciência do homem. Mais precisamente, defenderá que o principal resultado da crítica à psicologia racional (enquanto doutrina da alma) foi garantir a possibilidade lógica do "eu numênico". Isso permitiu que o homem fosse pensado como agente livre, capaz de fazer algo de si mesmo, superando sua condição de mero produto da natureza. Essa ideia de homem é fundamental para a antropologia kantiana, uma vez que ordena e dirige os conhecimentos empiricamente adquiridos, dando a eles unidade sistemática.

This paper aims to highlight the relevance of the "Paralogisms of pure reason" for the Kantian project of an empirical systematically designed anthropology, that is, a science of man. Particularly, I will argue that the main result of Kant's criticism of rational psychology (as a doctrine of soul) was to ensure the logical possibility of the "noumenal self". That has turned possible to conceive the man as a free acting being, capable of making something of himself, and not just as a product of nature. This idea of man is fundamental to the Kantian anthropology since it orders and directs the empirically acquired knowledge, giving it systematic unity.

Ideação suicida em universitários da área da saúde: prevalência e fatores associados / Ideación suicida en universitarios del área de la salud: prevalencia y factores asociados / Suicidal ideation among health field undergraduates: prevalence and associated factors

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar prevalência e fatores associados da ideação suicida em universitários da área da saúde. Método: Estudo transversal, com 142 universitários da área da saúde de instituição pública de Teresina-Piauí-Brasil. Utilizou-se Escala de Ideação Suicida e questionário para caracterização. Realizou-se teste qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher, cálculo da Odds-Ratio, Kruskal-Wallis e correlação de Spearman. Adotou-se nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: A prevalência de ideação suicida foi 22%, sobretudo, entre homens, solteiros e com vínculo empregatício. Uso de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas, histórico de bullying, tentativa de suicídio e não estar no curso desejado estão associados a ideação suicida. Observou-se que quanto maior o escore da escala menor o rendimento acadêmico. Universitários do curso de psicologia possuem maior extensão da motivação e planejamento do comportamento suicida. Conclusão: Alta prevalência de ideação suicida entre universitários da área de saúde e fatores associados reforçam a necessidade de estratégias de intervenção nas universidades.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar prevalencia de la ideación suicida en universitarios, del área de la salud, de institución de enseñanza superior pública y factores asociados. Método: Estudio transversal, con 142 universitarios. Se utilizó Escala de Ideación Suicida y cuestionario para caracterización. Se realizó una prueba Chi-cuadrado, exacta de Fisher, cálculo de la Odds-Ratio, Kruskal-Wallis y correlación de Spearman. Se adoptó un nivel de significancia de 0,05. Resultados: La prevalencia de ideación suicida fue 22% y estuvo asociada al uso de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas, ser víctima de bullying, tener historial de intento de suicidio (p-valor = 0,000) y no frecuentar el curso que desea (p = 0,001). Se observó que cuanto mayor sea la puntuación de la escala menor rendimiento académico (p-valor = 0,000). Hay diferencia en el promedio de la puntuación por curso (p-valor = 0,000), siendo mayores en el curso de psicología. Conclusión: La alta prevalencia de ideación suicida entre universitarios del área de salud refuerza la necesidad de crear estrategias de intervención, principalmente, en el contexto de las universidades.

Abstract Objective: To identify the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its associated factors in university students from the health field, in a public higher education institution. Method: Cross-sectional study with 142 university students. Suicide Ideation Scale and a questionnaire for characterization were used. Fischer's exact test, chi-square, Odds-Ratio, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's correlation were performed. A significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 22%. It was associated to the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs, bullying, suicide attempts (p-value = 0.000), and not attending the course desired (p-value = 0.001). It was observed that the higher the score the lower the academic performance (p-value = 0.000). There was a difference in the mean score according to course (p-value = 0.000), and the score was higher among psychology students. Conclusion: The high prevalence of suicidal ideation among university students in the health field reiterates the need to create intervention strategies, especially in the context of universities.

Phobia of the Supernatural: A Distinct but Poorly Recognized Specific Phobia With an Adverse Impact on Daily Living.

The psychological and psychiatric literature has seldom appreciated the clinical fact that fears of ghosts and kindred supernatural worries may be a cause of intense discomfort, poor sleep, and socio-occupational impairment. In the present article, this claim is illustrated by the clinical features of six patients who developed intense anxiety when they had to sleep alone at night. The fears were first noticed in childhood and persisted into adolescence and adulthood. At these times, they were overwhelmed by images of ghosts and haunted houses often experiencing a vivid impression that an immaterial being not perceivable by the ordinary senses was hovering around. Comorbidity with other phobias was the rule. Owing to shame and self-consciousness, the fears were seldom if ever discussed with healthcare professionals. The overall clinical and psychopathological picture was consistent with a diagnosis of a specific phobia. In a few cases, response to pharmacological treatment and cognitive-behavioral intervention has alleviated the symptoms. "Phobia of the supernatural" may be more common than usually thought. It must actively be sought for in patients complaining of poor sleep and daytime somnolence, and in patients with other types of phobia. The differential diagnosis of phobia of the supernatural includes nocturnal panic attacks, psychosis, other types of phobia that tend to occur during the night, dissociative states of sleep, dementia, and a few rare presentations of epilepsy. Systematic studies must be carried out to settle the neurobiological correlates of phobia of the supernatural as well as the possible benefit of different modalities of pharmacological and psychological treatment.

¿Existen los celos normales? trastorno delirante celotípico / ¿Is there normal jealousy? celotypic delusional disorder summary

Caso Clínico: Mujer de 52 años, casada, dos hijos. Tuvo una infancia y adolescencia en la que predominó el estricto control paterno y la actitud temerosa de su madre, siendo prioritarias las responsabilidades. Su carácter se fue modelando bajo una visión de mundo hostil. En un medio muy restringido, conoció a su esposo, siendo ésta su única relación sentimental. Luego de una histerosalpingooforectomía, la paciente interpreta un hecho puntual de una forma equivoca, bajo la idea de ser engañada, surgiendo la idea delirante. Sin embargo, el resto de su comportamiento parece ajustado a la realidad.

Woman of 52 years, married, two children. He had a childhood and adolescence dominated by strict parental control and fearful attitude of his mother, with responsibilities being a priority. His character was modeled under a hostile worldview. In a very restricted environment, she met her husband, this being her only sentimental relationship. After a hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy, the patient interprets a specific event in a mistaken way, under the idea of being deceived, with the delusional idea emerging. However, the rest of his behavior seems adjusted to reality

Intensive grazing and maize silage to enhance the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of Mexico.

The effects of two innovative feeding strategies-intensive grazing (GR) and maize silage (MS)-on the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems (SSDS) were assessed in the highlands of central Mexico. On a total of 24 farms, four innovations were adopted between 2011 and 2014. Five farms continued their conventional feeding strategy (CC) of cut-and-carry pasture supplemented with commercial concentrate and ground corn grain, as well as straws (maize, oat, and wheat) in the dry season of feed scarcity; six farms implemented MS in the dry season; six farms GR of pastures; and seven farms implemented both GR and MS. Assessment in 2015 showed that farms which implemented both GR and MS had a higher local diversity score (P ≤ 0.001), higher scores for ethics and human development, and a higher score in economic independence (P ≤ 0.05) than farms that implemented only one of the innovations. The overall sustainability score (with range 0-100) was 46 for CC, 47 for MS, 52 for GR, and 55 for GR + MS. The innovations reduced feeding costs and enhanced sustainability, particularly when GR + MS were both implemented.

Digestible tryptophan-to-digestible lysine ratio in diets for laying hens of 42 to 58 weeks of age / Relação triptofano digestível: lisina digestível em dietas para poedeiras de 42 a 58 semanas de idade

To determine the ideal digestible tryptophan-to-digestible lysine ratio in diets for laying hens of 42 to 58 weeks of age, 240 Hy-Line W-36 hens at 42 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments, eight replicates and six birds per experimental unit. At 42 weeks of age, the birds were subjected to experimental treatments that consisted of diets with equal amounts of nutrients, except for the digestible tryptophan level. The digestible tryptophan levels in the experimental diets were 0.149, 0.160, 0.171, 0.182 and 0.193%, generating digestible tryptophan-to-digestible lysine ratios of 21.5, 23.1, 24.6, 26.2 and 27.8%. The digestible lysine level in the diets was sub-optimal (0.694%). The same ratios between lysine and the other amino acids were maintained in all experimental diets. The ideal digestible tryptophan-to-digestible lysine ratio was estimated through the studied parameters using analysis of variance and polynomial regression analysis ( = 0.05). The digestible tryptophan-to-digestible lysine ratio in diets quadratically affected egg production, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass and use efficiency of digestible lysine for egg mass. However, there were no effect (P>0.05) on egg weight, feed conversion per dozen eggs, use efficiency of digestible lysine for number of eggs produced, percentage of egg components and weight ga

Para determinar a relação ideal triptofano digestível:lisina digestível em dietas para poedeiras de 42 a 58 semanas de idade, 240 poedeiras Hy-Line W-36 com 42 semanas de idade foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com cinco tratamentos, oito repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. Com 42 semanas de idade as aves foram submetidas aos tratamentos experimentais, que consistiram de dietas com quantidades iguais de nutrientes, exceto para o nível de triptofano digestível. Os níveis de triptofano digestível nas dietas experimentais foram 0,149; 0,160; 0,171; 0,182 e 0.193%, gerando relações triptofano digestível:lisina digestível de 21,5; 23,1; 24,6; 26,2 e 27,8%. O nível de lisina digestível nas dietas foi sub-ótimo (0,694%). As mesmas relações entre a lisina e outros aminoácidos foram mantidas em todas as dietas experimentais. A relação ideal triptofano digestpivel:lisina digestível foi estimada por meio dos parâmetros estudados utilizando análise de variância e análise de regressão polinomial ( = 0.05). A relação triptofano digestível:lisina digestível nas dietas influenciaram quadraticamente a produção de ovos, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar e a eficiência de utilização de lisina digestível para massa de ovos. No entanto, não houve efeito (P > 0,05) sobre o peso dos ovos, conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, eficiência de utilização de lisin

Digestible tryptophan-to-digestible lysine ratio in diets for laying hens of 42 to 58 weeks of age / Relação triptofano digestível: lisina digestível em dietas para poedeiras de 42 a 58 semanas de idade

To determine the ideal digestible tryptophan-to-digestible lysine ratio in diets for laying hens of 42 to 58 weeks of age, 240 Hy-Line W-36 hens at 42 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments, eight replicates and six birds per experimental unit. At 42 weeks of age, the birds were subjected to experimental treatments that consisted of diets with equal amounts of nutrients, except for the digestible tryptophan level. The digestible tryptophan levels in the experimental diets were 0.149, 0.160, 0.171, 0.182 and 0.193%, generating digestible tryptophan-to-digestible lysine ratios of 21.5, 23.1, 24.6, 26.2 and 27.8%. The digestible lysine level in the diets was sub-optimal (0.694%). The same ratios between lysine and the other amino acids were maintained in all experimental diets. The ideal digestible tryptophan-to-digestible lysine ratio was estimated through the studied parameters using analysis of variance and polynomial regression analysis ( = 0.05). The digestible tryptophan-to-digestible lysine ratio in diets quadratically affected egg production, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass and use efficiency of digestible lysine for egg mass. However, there were no effect (P>0.05) on egg weight, feed conversion per dozen eggs, use efficiency of digestible lysine for number of eggs produced, percentage of egg components and weight ga(AU)

Para determinar a relação ideal triptofano digestível:lisina digestível em dietas para poedeiras de 42 a 58 semanas de idade, 240 poedeiras Hy-Line W-36 com 42 semanas de idade foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com cinco tratamentos, oito repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. Com 42 semanas de idade as aves foram submetidas aos tratamentos experimentais, que consistiram de dietas com quantidades iguais de nutrientes, exceto para o nível de triptofano digestível. Os níveis de triptofano digestível nas dietas experimentais foram 0,149; 0,160; 0,171; 0,182 e 0.193%, gerando relações triptofano digestível:lisina digestível de 21,5; 23,1; 24,6; 26,2 e 27,8%. O nível de lisina digestível nas dietas foi sub-ótimo (0,694%). As mesmas relações entre a lisina e outros aminoácidos foram mantidas em todas as dietas experimentais. A relação ideal triptofano digestpivel:lisina digestível foi estimada por meio dos parâmetros estudados utilizando análise de variância e análise de regressão polinomial ( = 0.05). A relação triptofano digestível:lisina digestível nas dietas influenciaram quadraticamente a produção de ovos, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar e a eficiência de utilização de lisina digestível para massa de ovos. No entanto, não houve efeito (P > 0,05) sobre o peso dos ovos, conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, eficiência de utilização de lisin(AU)

Os ideogramas de francesco / The ideograms of Francesco

Os ideogramas são pensados a partir do espanto de um paciente e de sua pergunta: "você é uma mulher ou uma flor?". Percorrendo os diversos sentidos que essa pergunta parece suscitar a nós, leitores, discuto o processo de ideogramatização das impressões sensoriais e a formação dos ideogramas, considerando especialmente significativo o aspecto evocativo presente na sua composição.

Ideograms are thought to from the astonishment of a patient and his question: "you're a woman or a flower?". Traversing the various senses that this question seems to raise us, readers, I discuss the process of ideogramatization of sensory impressions and the formation of the ideograms, considering especially significant the evocative aspect present in its composition.

Una propuesta de formación desde la psicología humanista-existencial y la pedagogía crítica / A formation proposal based on psychology humanisticexistential And the critical pedagogy

La posibilidad de darse forma a sí mismo o de autodeterminarse convoca a pensar en el ser humano, pues es éste el único llamado a hacerse constantemente; por lo tanto, vislumbrar lo que aquí se plantea a partir de la psicología humanista-existencial y la pedagogía crítica, implica comprender la idea de ser humano y los cuatro supuestos: apertura al mundo, excentricidad, coexistencia y formabilidad, los cuales se presentan como entramados para develar la propuesta de formación. Se ha utilizado una metodología de corte cualitativo y una perspectiva hermenéutica para comprender e interpretar los autores y construir inferencia teórica

The possibility to shape yourself, to determine oneself, makes you think about the human being; because it is the only one who can constantly transform him or herself; That is why to envision what is stated here from the humanistic existential psychology and the critical pedagogy implies understanding the idea of being human and these four characteristics: openness to the world, eccentricity, coexistence and formality, which are the basis for the educational proposal. A qualitative methodology and a hermeneutics perspective have been used to understand and interpret the authors and building up the theoretical inference.

Threonine levels for piglets diet (6 to 16 kg) kept under different degrees of immune system activation / Níveis de treonina em dietas para leitões (6 a 16 kg) submetidos a diferentes graus de ativação do sistema imune

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary threonine levels and immune system activation on performance and carcass characteristics of weaning pigs. A total of 360 piglets, 180 males and 180 females, weaned at 20.3 days of age and initial weight of 5.31 ± 1.23kg, were used in a randomized blocks experimental design, in a 5x2 factorial scheme five levels of total threonine (0.85; 0.95; 1.05; 1.15; 1.25%) and two forms of immune system activation (vaccinated and unvaccinated), with four replications and nine animals per experimental unit. There was no interaction between the threonine levels and the degree of activation of the immune system of animals for all parameters evaluated. Threonine levels and immune system activation did not affect the performance of the animals. Threonine levels linearly affected the percentage of water and fat in the carcass and daily deposition of fat. The level of total threonine 0.85%, corresponding to 4.29g daily intake of threonine, and a threonine: lysine ratio of 55%, provide the requirement performance and carcass for piglets from six to 16kg. No harmful effect on animal performance was caused by the activation of the immune system.

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de treonina da dieta e da ativação do sistema imune sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de leitões recém-desmamados. Foram utilizados 360 leitões, 180 machos e 180 fêmeas, desmamados com idade média de 20,3 dias e peso inicial de 5,31 ± 1,23kg. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2, com cinco níveis de treonina total (0,85; 0,95; 1,05; 1,15; 1,25%) e dois níveis de ativação do sistema imune (vacinados e não vacinados), com quatro repetições e nove animais por unidade experimental. Não houve interação entre o nível de treonina e o grau de ativação do sistema imune dos animais para todos os parâmetros avaliados. Os níveis de treonina e a ativação do sistema imune não afetaram os parâmetros de desempenho avaliados. Os níveis de treonina afetaram de forma linear a porcentagem de água e gordura na carcaça e a deposição diária de gordura. Conclui-se que o nível de treonina total de 0,85%, correspondendo a um consumo diário de treonina de 4,29 g/dia, e uma relação treonina: lisina de 55%, atende a exigência de leitões dos seis aos 16kg, sendo que a ativação do sistema imune não causou qualquer efeito negativo sobre o desempenho dos animais.

Threonine levels for piglets diet (6 to 16 kg) kept under different degrees of immune system activation / Níveis de treonina em dietas para leitões (6 a 16 kg) submetidos a diferentes graus de ativação do sistema imune

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary threonine levels and immune system activation on performance and carcass characteristics of weaning pigs. A total of 360 piglets, 180 males and 180 females, weaned at 20.3 days of age and initial weight of 5.31 ± 1.23kg, were used in a randomized blocks experimental design, in a 5x2 factorial scheme five levels of total threonine (0.85; 0.95; 1.05; 1.15; 1.25%) and two forms of immune system activation (vaccinated and unvaccinated), with four replications and nine animals per experimental unit. There was no interaction between the threonine levels and the degree of activation of the immune system of animals for all parameters evaluated. Threonine levels and immune system activation did not affect the performance of the animals. Threonine levels linearly affected the percentage of water and fat in the carcass and daily deposition of fat. The level of total threonine 0.85%, corresponding to 4.29g daily intake of threonine, and a threonine: lysine ratio of 55%, provide the requirement performance and carcass for piglets from six to 16kg. No harmful effect on animal performance was caused by the activation of the immune system.(AU)

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de treonina da dieta e da ativação do sistema imune sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de leitões recém-desmamados. Foram utilizados 360 leitões, 180 machos e 180 fêmeas, desmamados com idade média de 20,3 dias e peso inicial de 5,31 ± 1,23kg. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2, com cinco níveis de treonina total (0,85; 0,95; 1,05; 1,15; 1,25%) e dois níveis de ativação do sistema imune (vacinados e não vacinados), com quatro repetições e nove animais por unidade experimental. Não houve interação entre o nível de treonina e o grau de ativação do sistema imune dos animais para todos os parâmetros avaliados. Os níveis de treonina e a ativação do sistema imune não afetaram os parâmetros de desempenho avaliados. Os níveis de treonina afetaram de forma linear a porcentagem de água e gordura na carcaça e a deposição diária de gordura. Conclui-se que o nível de treonina total de 0,85%, correspondendo a um consumo diário de treonina de 4,29 g/dia, e uma relação treonina: lisina de 55%, atende a exigência de leitões dos seis aos 16kg, sendo que a ativação do sistema imune não causou qualquer efeito negativo sobre o desempenho dos animais.(AU)

Defesa e trauma: do projeto à atualidade / Defense and trauma: from the Project to the present

Trata-se de evidenciar, com o estudo do Projeto para uma psicologia científica (1895/1996) de Sigmund Freud, de que forma os postulados da defesa e do trauma aí presentes se articulam com os postulados de Freud sobre a histeria no início de seu trabalho, e qual a sua validade para compreender a psicopatologia na atualidade.

Through the study of Freud's text Project for a scientific psychology (1895/1996), it becomes evident the way in which the statements of defense and trauma are related with Freud's statement about the hysteria at the beginning of his work and what their importance to understand today's psychopathology is.

Defesa e trauma: do projeto à atualidade / Defense and trauma: from the Project to the present

Trata-se de evidenciar, com o estudo do Projeto para uma psicologia científica (1895/1996) de Sigmund Freud, de que forma os postulados da defesa e do trauma aí presentes se articulam com os postulados de Freud sobre a histeria no início de seu trabalho, e qual a sua validade para compreender a psicopatologia na atualidade

Through the study of Freud's text Project for a scientific psychology (1895/1996), it becomes evident the way in which the statements of defense and trauma are related with Freud's statement about the hysteria at the beginning of his work and what their importance to understand today's psychopathology is