Methodological and users' surveys on the use of the LILACS database in Cochrane reviews identified desirable improvements to the database.

BACKGROUND: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) is the main reference database in the region; however, the way in which this resource is used in Cochrane systematic reviews has not been studied. OBJECTIVES: To assess the search methods of Cochrane reviews that used LILACS as a source of information and explore the Cochrane community's perceptions about this resource. METHODS: We identified all Cochrane reviews of interventions published during 2019, which included LILACS as a source of information, and analysed their search methods and also ran a survey through the Cochrane Community. RESULTS: We found 133 Cochrane reviews that reported the full search strategies, identifying heterogeneity in search details. The respondents to our survey highlighted many areas for improvement in the use of LILACS, including the usability of the search platform for this purpose. DISCUSSION: The use and reporting of LILACS in Cochrane reviews demonstrate inconsistencies, as evidenced by the analysis of search reports from systematic reviews and surveys conducted among members of the Cochrane community. CONCLUSION: With better guidance on how LILACS database is structured, information specialists working on Cochrane reviews should be able to make more effective use of this unique resource.

Multi-objective genetic programming strategies for topic-based search with a focus on diversity and global recall.

Topic-based search systems retrieve items by contextualizing the information seeking process on a topic of interest to the user. A key issue in topic-based search of text resources is how to automatically generate multiple queries that reflect the topic of interest in such a way that precision, recall, and diversity are achieved. The problem of generating topic-based queries can be effectively addressed by Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms, which have shown promising results. However, two common problems with such an approach are loss of diversity and low global recall when combining results from multiple queries. This work proposes a family of Multi-Objective Genetic Programming strategies based on objective functions that attempt to maximize precision and recall while minimizing the similarity among the retrieved results. To this end, we define three novel objective functions based on result set similarity and on the information theoretic notion of entropy. Extensive experiments allow us to conclude that while the proposed strategies significantly improve precision after a few generations, only some of them are able to maintain or improve global recall. A comparative analysis against previous strategies based on Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms, indicates that the proposed approach is superior in terms of precision and global recall. Furthermore, when compared to query-term-selection methods based on existing state-of-the-art term-weighting schemes, the presented Multi-Objective Genetic Programming strategies demonstrate significantly higher levels of precision, recall, and F1-score, while maintaining competitive global recall. Finally, we identify the strengths and limitations of the strategies and conclude that the choice of objectives to be maximized or minimized should be guided by the application at hand.

Development and Validation of Conversational Agent to Pregnancy Safe-education.

Pregnant women constantly need some information to support nutritional decisions during pregnancy, and many do not receive such assistance at all. This study aims to present a conversational agent to provide reliable information to pregnant women, focusing on nutritional education and evaluating the perception of pregnant women and health professionals about the agent. As a scientific contribution, this article developed and implemented a conversational agent in a real environment capable of generating reliable responses on the basis of a set of health documents. We proposed an intervention study with 25 women and 10 healthcare providers through a survey to measure the perceptions of these groups towards conversational agents. The results show that the intended design could ensure positive support for pregnant women, clarify certain issues for the public, and remove some knowledge barriers. The results showed no significant difference between the groups (p-value = 0.713). Depending on the perception of the pregnant group, the conversational agent model can teach new knowledge during the prenatal period (Mean = 4.56). The model presented for health professionals could already be indicated as a support tool for pregnant women (Mean = 4.7).

AC-Redes semânticas de hashtags: modelo de estudo métrico de informações em saúde em mídias sociais / CA-Hashtags semantic networks: a metric study model of health information on social media / AC-Redes semánticas de hashtags: un modelo de estudio métrico de información de salud en las redes sociales

As mídias sociais são importantes canais de difusão de informações em saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um modelo de estudo métrico de informações para minerar temáticas relacionadas à covid-19 no Facebook, intitulado AC-Redes semânticas de hashtags. O modelo é composto pelos métodos de análise de redes semânticas e de análise de coocorrência. As métricas aplicadas no período de maio de 2020 a janeiro de 2021 foram: as frequências de hashtags, as centralidades de grau e de intermediação e o índice incidência-fidelidade; e o estudo de ilhas. As temáticas identificadas foram: 'Educação na pandemia'; 'Trabalho e pandemia'; 'Ciência, saúde e pandemia'; 'Isolamento social na pandemia'; e 'Política e pandemia'. Por meio desse modelo, foi possível identificar as temáticas mais relevantes sobre a covid-19 para os usuários do Facebook.

Social media are important channels for the dissemination of information on public health. The goal of this paper is to present a model of quantitative analysis of information from the hashtags with respect to covid-19 on Facebook, called CA-Hashtag semantic networks. This model consists of the methods of semantic network analysis and co-occurrence analysis.The metrics used from May 2020 to January 2021 were: hashtag's frequency, degree and betweenness centralities and incidence-fidelity index; and study of islands. The themes identified have been: 'Education in the pandemic'; 'Work and pandemic'; 'Science, health and pandemic'; 'Social isolation in the pandemic'; and 'Politics and pandemic'. Applying the proposed model, it has been possible to identify the most relevant themes about covid-19 for Facebook users.

Las redes sociales son canales importantes para la difusión de información sobre salud pública. El objetivo del artículo es presentar un modelo de análisis cuantitativo de información a partir de los contenidos de hashtags relacionadas con covid-19 en Facebook, llamado de AC-Redes semánticas de hashtags. Este modelo es compuesto por los métodos de análisis de redes semánticas y análisis de co-ocurrencia. Las métricas utilizadas desde mayo de 2020 hasta enero de 2021 han sido: la frecuencia de hashtags, las centralidades de grado e intermediación y el índice incidencia-fidelidad; e el estudio de islas. Los temas identificados han sido: 'Educación en la pandemia'; 'Trabajo y pandemia'; 'Ciencia, salud y pandemia'; 'Aislamiento social en la pandemia'; y 'Política y pandemia'. Con basis en el modelo propuesto, ha sido posible identificar los temas más relevantes sobre covid-19 para los usuarios de Facebook.

ANCORP: Procedimiento para la recuperación de información en sistemas de bibliotecas mediante grafos de conocimiento / ANCORP: Procedure for information retrieval in library systems using knowledge graphs

Las bibliotecas y los centros de documentación carecen de una guía metodológica para transformar sus datos RDF en grafos de conocimiento, lo que impide que puedan aprovechar las facilidades de esta herramienta en la búsqueda y recuperación de información. El artículo propone una metodología para la transformación de datos bibliográficos en grafos de conocimiento. Se presenta ANCORP, a partir del análisis de las técnicas de incrustación, limpieza y chequeo de grafos de conocimiento. Esta metodología se divide en dos partes: la parte 1, dedicada a la construcción del grafo de conocimiento, y la parte 2, dedicada a resolver los procesos de recuperación de información. Con la implementación de la metodología se corroboran saltos cualitativos en la recuperación de información y en la calidad de los datos(AU)

Libraries and documentation centers haven't a methodology guide to transform their RDF data into knowledge graphs, which prevents them from taking advantage of the facilities of this tool in the search and retrieval of information. This methodology was proposed for the transformation of bibliographic data in knowledge graphs. ANCORP was presented from the analysis of the techniques of incrustation, cleaning and checking of knowledge graphs. This methodology was divided into two parts: part I dedicated to the construction of the knowledge graph, and part II dedicated to solving the processes of information retrieval. With the implementation of the methodology, qualitative leaps in the information retrieval and in the quality of the data are corroborated(AU)

CIDACS-RL: a novel indexing search and scoring-based record linkage system for huge datasets with high accuracy and scalability.

BACKGROUND: Record linkage is the process of identifying and combining records about the same individual from two or more different datasets. While there are many open source and commercial data linkage tools, the volume and complexity of currently available datasets for linkage pose a huge challenge; hence, designing an efficient linkage tool with reasonable accuracy and scalability is required. METHODS: We developed CIDACS-RL (Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health - Record Linkage), a novel iterative deterministic record linkage algorithm based on a combination of indexing search and scoring algorithms (provided by Apache Lucene). We described how the algorithm works and compared its performance with four open source linkage tools (AtyImo, Febrl, FRIL and RecLink) in terms of sensitivity and positive predictive value using gold standard dataset. We also evaluated its accuracy and scalability using a case-study and its scalability and execution time using a simulated cohort in serial (single core) and multi-core (eight core) computation settings. RESULTS: Overall, CIDACS-RL algorithm had a superior performance: positive predictive value (99.93% versus AtyImo 99.30%, RecLink 99.5%, Febrl 98.86%, and FRIL 96.17%) and sensitivity (99.87% versus AtyImo 98.91%, RecLink 73.75%, Febrl 90.58%, and FRIL 74.66%). In the case study, using a ROC curve to choose the most appropriate cut-off value (0.896), the obtained metrics were: sensitivity = 92.5% (95% CI 92.07-92.99), specificity = 93.5% (95% CI 93.08-93.8) and area under the curve (AUC) = 97% (95% CI 96.97-97.35). The multi-core computation was about four times faster (150 seconds) than the serial setting (550 seconds) when using a dataset of 20 million records. CONCLUSION: CIDACS-RL algorithm is an innovative linkage tool for huge datasets, with higher accuracy, improved scalability, and substantially shorter execution time compared to other existing linkage tools. In addition, CIDACS-RL can be deployed on standard computers without the need for high-speed processors and distributed infrastructures.

Taxonomías digitales: fundamentos teóricos y metodología de construcción / Digital taxonomies: theoretical fundamentals and construction methodology

Resumen El artículo analiza las taxonomías digitales desde la perspectiva bibliotecológica. Su objetivo fue construir una taxonomía digital del área de conocimiento "Sistema solar" que pudiera ser implementada como sistema de acceso temático jerárquico-visual para un conjunto de recursos de información digitales albergados en un sitio web. La metodología empleada en la construcción de la taxonomía consistió en una propuesta particular que se nutre de dos metodologías relevantes sobre el tema. Se encontró que las taxonomías son un Sistema para la Organización del Conocimiento (SOC) que, debido a su potencial representador y organizador, han migrado al espacio de los Sistemas para la Organización del conocimiento en Red (SOCR) cuyas funciones en la web están asociadas, entre muchas aplicaciones, a la indización y clasificación de recursos de información. Se concluye que el conocimiento teórico y aplicado de las taxonomías digitales es prioritario para los profesionales de la información que día a día se enfrentan a más retos relacionados con el ordenamiento de recursos de información insertos en la World Wide Web.

Abstract The article analyzes digital taxonomies from the librarianship perspective. Its objective was to build a digital taxonomy about "Solar System" knowledge area that can be implemented as hierarchical-visual subject access system for a set of digital information resources stored in a website. The methodology used to build the taxonomy was a proposal based on two relevant methodologies about the topic. It was found that taxonomies are a Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) that, due to its representational and organizer potential, have migrated to the space of Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS), whose tasks on the web are associated, among many applications, to the indexing and classification of information resources. It is concluded that the theoretical and applied knowledge of digital taxonomies is a priority for information professionals who every day deals with challenges related to the organization of information sources inserted in the World Wide Web.

Preferencias del usuario, categorización de consultas y documentos, tres variables importantes en el cálculo de relevancia / User preferences, query and document categorization, three important variables in relevance calculation

The quality of an information retrieval system depends largely on the satisfaction degree of users with the results obtained when executing a query, so it is essential to design processes that store the preferences patterns of each of them and vary the way in which the results are shown taking into account the specific characteristics of each user. The objective of this article was to present an algorithm for calculating the relevance of the documents provided to users, which used the variables: the user's search profile, the category of the documents and the category of the query as parameters, to customize the results provided by the search engine to the users. In addition, it used as impulse factors the degree of predominance of a search category in the user's profile and the categories to which the document belongs. To validate the algorithm, precision and recall metrics were applied to check that the results obtained are relevant to users(AU)

La calidad de un sistema de recuperación de información depende en gran medida del grado de satisfacción de los usuarios en cuanto a los resultados obtenidos al realizar una consulta. Para obtener resultados de búsquedas relevantes es esencial diseñar procesos que almacenen los patrones de preferencias de cada usuario. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar un algoritmo para el cálculo de la relevancia de los documentos brindados. El algoritmo utilizó como parámetros las siguientes variables: perfil de búsqueda del usuario, categoría de los documentos y categoría de la consulta para personalizar los resultados brindados mediante el motor de búsqueda. Además, utilizó como factores de impulso el grado de predominio de una categoría de búsqueda en el perfil del usuario y en las categorías a las que pertenece el documento. Para la validación del modelo se aplicaron las métricas de precisión y exhaustividad que permitieron comprobar que los resultados obtenidos son relevantes para los consumidores de la información(AU)

Documentos de cientista: a organização arquivística do fundo pessoal de Lauro Travassos Filho / The records of a scientist: the archival organization of the personal fond of Lauro Travassos Filho

The archival organization consists of procedures of identification, description and documentary classification. In the classification documents are grouped in Fonds, which is the main unit of division of documents. The fonds are defined as the set of records of an organization, family, or individual that have been created and accumulated as the result of an organic process reflecting the functions of the creator. The identification and description consisted of the archival technical processing of approximately one thousand documents. The documents have been identified and described based on the physical and substantial document settings. The elaborated Classification Plan was based on respect for the institutions in which Travassos worked and on the functionality of the documents. For archival organization in the Personal Fund of Lauro Travassos Filho, we preliminarily recognize Travassos' professional trajectory. Lauro Travassos Filho 1918-1989 was a scientist, entomologist who worked at the Department of Zoology of the São Paulo Agriculture Secretariat and at the Butantan Institute, acting as researcher and head of department. The Plan of Classification of the Personal Fond of Lauro Travassos, had like first division the documents relative the personal and professional activities, categorizing Sections. Within Professional Activities, the documents were grouped based on the institutions in which Travassos worked: Department of Zoology, Butantan Institute and Scientific Societies in which he was a member, partner or publisher. In the identification of the documents we find several typologies, with emphasis on letters, scientific work files and evidence of administrative activities. The archival procedures in the Personal Fund of Lauro Travassos Filho assist in the preservation of the documents and favor the access to the information of the documents

A organização arquivística consiste em procedimentos de identificação, descrição e classificação documental. Na classificação, os documentos são agrupados em Fundos, que é a principal unidade de divisão dos documentos. Os fundos correspondem a produção documental de um órgão (indivíduo, pessoa ou família) no exercício de suas atividades. A identificação e descrição consistiram no processamento técnico arquivístico de aproximadamente mil documentos. Os documentos foram identificados e descritos com base nas configurações físicas e substanciais dos documentos. O Plano de Classificação elaborado foi fundamentado em respeito as instituições em que Travassos atuou e na funcionalidade dos documentos. Para organização arquivística no Fundo Pessoal de Lauro Travassos Filho, reconhecemos preliminarmente a trajetória profissional de Travassos. Lauro Travassos Filho (1918-1989) foi um cientista, entomologista que trabalhou no Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura de São Paulo (atual Museu de Zoologia da USP), e no Instituto Butantan, atuando como pesquisador e chefe de departamento. O Plano de Classificação do Fundo Pessoal de Lauro Travassos teve, como primeira divisão, os documentos relativos as atividades pessoais e profissionais, categorizando Seções. Dentro das Atividades Profissionais, os documentos foram agrupados com base nas instituições em que Travassos atuou: Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto Butantan e as Sociedades Científicas em que ele fez parte como membro, sócio ou editor. Na identificação dos documentos encontramos diversas tipologias, com destaque para as cartas, dossiês de trabalho científico e documentos probatórios de atividades administrativas. Os procedimentos arquivísticos no Fundo Pessoal de Lauro Travassos Filho auxiliam na preservação dos documentos e favorecem o acesso às informações dos mesmos.

Los metadatos, la búsqueda y recuperación de información desde las Ciencias de la Información / Metadata, search and information retrieval from the Information Science

Resumen El desarrollo de la informática y las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) han transformado de manera preponderante el crecimiento y el acceso a la información, así como las maneras de concebir y realizar la búsqueda y recuperación de la información en la Internet acorde al nuevo contexto. Dicho proceso ha dejado de ser unidireccional y el usuario se ha convertido en ente participativo en la dinámica del proceso, introduciendo un modelo cognitivo y superando el tradicional; de manera que, el presente trabajo analiza los presupuestos teóricos-metodológicos entorno a la representación de la necesidad de información como elemento que define el resultado de una estrategia de búsqueda. Para ello, se adentra en el análisis de diferentes enfoques presentes en la interacción usuario máquina durante la búsqueda y la recuperación de la información. En este sentido, se reconocen los aportes de otras disciplinas que contribuyen a encontrar soluciones para optimizar la recuperación de información en la Internet. Con este empeño se propone el uso de metadatos para lograr una mejor comunicación e interpretación por parte de los Sistemas de Recuperación de Información de los distintos puntos de vista de un usuario determinado.

Abstract Computing, and information and communication technology development has preponderantly transformed the growth and access to information, as well as the ways of conceiving and performing search and retrieval of information on Internet in accordance with the new context. This process has ceased to be unidirectional and the user has become a participative entity in dynamics of the process introducing a cognitive model and surpassing traditional one. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze theoretical-methodological assumptions around the representation of the need for information as an element that defines the result of a search strategy. In order to do this, it delves into the analysis of different approaches present in the user-machine interaction during search and retrieval of information. In this sense, the contributions of other disciplines that contribute to finding solutions to optimize the retrieval of information on the Internet are recognized. With this effort, the use of metadata is proposed to achieve better communication and interpretation by the Information Retrieval Systems of the different points of view of a given user.

An Ontology-Based Knowledge Methodology in the Medical Domain in the Latin America: the Study Case of Republic of Panama.

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays in Panama, there is a lot of patient information stored in textual form which cannot be manipulated to manage adequate knowledge. There are multiple resources created to represent knowledge, including specialized glossaries, ontologies, among others. The ontologies are an important part within the scope of the recovery and organization of the information and the semantic web. Also in recent works they are used in applications of natural language processing (NLP), as a knowledge base. AIM: This research was conducted with the aim of creating a methodology that allows from a text written in NL, extract the necessary elements using NLP tools and with them create a knowledge base represented by one domain ontology and extract knowledge to help medical specialists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study we carried out a methodology that allows the extraction of knowledge of patient clinical records, general medicine and palliative care, in order to show relevant knowledge elements to specialists. The methodology was validated with a data corpus of approximately 200 patient records. CONCLUSION: We have created a knowledge representation methodology, combining NLP techniques and tools and the automatic instantiation of an ontology, which can serve as a software agent for other applications or used to visualize the patient's clinical information. The study was validated using the traditional metrics of information retrieval systems precision, recall, F-measure obtaining excellent results, and can be used as a software agent or methodology for the development of information extraction software systems in the medical domain.

Marco procedimental para facilitar la interoperabilidad en el contexto de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud de Cuba: el modelo Ontomed / Procedural framework to facilitate interoperability in the context of the Virtual Health Library of Cuba: the Ontomed model

La inexistencia de un modelo de datos enlazados en el contexto de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud de Cuba (BVS) provoca deficiencias en la interoperabilidad semántica de los contenidos y la recuperación de información. Además, y como problema añadido, las entidades documentales que lo componen presentan distintos niveles de descripción bibliográfica y de alcance temático. El presente artículo propone el diseño de un marco procedimental para facilitar la interoperabilidad semántica entre conjuntos de datos enlazados de la BVS, y estandarizar sus principales clases y propiedades. Este procedimiento, que se implementa en el modelo ontológico denominado Ontomed, constituye una aproximación teórico-conceptual que permitirá modelar las principales entidades, atributos y relaciones en el contexto de la BVS. Se espera un impacto directo en tres dimensiones fundamentales: 1) caracterización del contexto de aplicación del marco procedimental 2) formalización de los componentes del modelo ontológico y 3) selección de una muestra experimental en el escenario de la BVS(AU)

The absence of a linked data model in the context of the Virtual Health Library of Cuba (VHL) causes deficiencies in the semantic interoperability of content and information retrieval. In addition, as added problem, the documentary component entities have different levels of bibliographic description and subject scope. This article proposes the design of a procedural framework to facilitate semantic interoperability between linked datasets of VHL, standardizing their core classes and properties. Such a procedure, implemented in the ontological model called Ontomed, is a theoretical and conceptual approach that allows modeling the main entities, attributes and relationships in the context of the VHL. A direct impact will expect on three key dimensions: 1) characterization of context implementing the procedural framework 2) formalization of the components of the ontological model and 3) selecting an experimental sample on the stage of the VHL(AU)

Marco procedimental para facilitar la interoperabilidad en el contexto de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud de Cuba: el modelo Ontomed / Procedural framework to facilitate interoperability in the context of the Virtual Health Library of Cuba: the Ontomed model

La inexistencia de un modelo de datos enlazados en el contexto de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud de Cuba (BVS) provoca deficiencias en la interoperabilidad semántica de los contenidos y la recuperación de información. Además, y como problema añadido, las entidades documentales que lo componen presentan distintos niveles de descripción bibliográfica y de alcance temático. El presente artículo propone el diseño de un marco procedimental para facilitar la interoperabilidad semántica entre conjuntos de datos enlazados de la BVS, y estandarizar sus principales clases y propiedades. Este procedimiento, que se implementa en el modelo ontológico denominado Ontomed, constituye una aproximación teórico-conceptual que permitirá modelar las principales entidades, atributos y relaciones en el contexto de la BVS. Se espera un impacto directo en tres dimensiones fundamentales: 1) caracterización del contexto de aplicación del marco procedimental 2) formalización de los componentes del modelo ontológico y 3) selección de una muestra experimental en el escenario de la BVS.

The absence of a linked data model in the context of the Virtual Health Library of Cuba (VHL) causes deficiencies in the semantic interoperability of content and information retrieval. In addition, as added problem, the documentary component entities have different levels of bibliographic description and subject scope. This article proposes the design of a procedural framework to facilitate semantic interoperability between linked datasets of VHL, standardizing their core classes and properties. Such a procedure, implemented in the ontological model called Ontomed, is a theoretical and conceptual approach that allows modeling the main entities, attributes and relationships in the context of the VHL. A direct impact will expect on three key dimensions: 1) characterization of context implementing the procedural framework 2) formalization of the components of the ontological model and 3) selecting an experimental sample on the stage of the VHL.

Automatic weighing attribute to retrieve similar lung cancer nodules.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a disease characterized as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that invades neighboring tissues and destroys them. Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in the world, and it diagnosis is a complex task for specialists and it presents some big challenges as medical image interpretation process, pulmonary nodule detection and classification. In order to aid specialists in the early diagnosis of lung cancer, computer assistance must be integrated in the imaging interpretation and pulmonary nodule classification processes. Methods of Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) have been described as one promising technique to computer-aided diagnosis and is expected to aid radiologists on image interpretation with a second opinion. However, CBIR presents some limitations: image feature extraction process and appropriate similarity measure. The efficiency of CBIR systems depends on calculating image features that may be relevant to the case similarity analysis. When specialists classify a nodule, they are supported by information from exams, images, etc. But each information has more or less weight over decision making about nodule malignancy. Thus, finding a way to measure the weight allows improvement of image retrieval process through the assignment of higher weights to that attributes that best characterize the nodules. METHODS: In this context, the aim of this work is to present a method to automatically calculate attribute weights based on local learning to reflect the interpretation on image retrieval process. The process consists of two stages that are performed sequentially and cyclically: Evaluation Stage and Training Stage. At each iteration the weights are adjusted according to retrieved nodules. After some iterations, it is possible reach a set of attribute weights that optimize the recovery of similar nodes. RESULTS: The results achieved by updated weights were promising because was possible increase precision by 10% to 6% on average to retrieve of benign and malignant nodules, respectively, with recall of 25% compared with tests without weights associated to attributes in similarity metric. The best result, we reaching values over 100% of precision average until thirtieth lung cancer nodule retrieved. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, WED applied to the three vectors used attributes (3D TA, 3D MSA and InV), with weights adjusted by the process, always achieved better results than those found with ED. With the weights, the Precision was increased on average by 17.3% compared with using ED.

A systematic review of the testing effect in learning / Uma revisao sistematica sobre o efeito de testagem na aprendizagem / Una revision sistematica del efecto de prueba en el aprendizaje

The retrieval of a given piece of information from memory increases the long-term retention of that information, a phenomenon often called “testing effect”. The current study aimed to select and review articles on the testing effect to verify the extent and importance of this phenomenon, bringing the main results of recent research. To accomplish this, a systematic review of articles on this subject published between 2006 and 2012 was conducted, a period in which there was an acute increase in the amount of publications on this subject. The articles were searched in the databases Web of Science, PubMed and PsycINFO. The results, which were organized according to test format (recall and recognition tests), demonstrated that tests can be remarkably beneficial to the retention of long-term memories. A theoretical explanation regarding the cognitive processes involved in this phenomenon still needs to be developed and tested. Such explanation would have important implications for the development of efficient educational practices.

Recordar informações previamente memorizadas aumenta a retenção destas informações na memória, um fenômeno chamado “efeito de testagem”. O presente estudo objetivou selecionar e avaliar artigos sobre o efeito de testagem, a fim de verificar a extensão e importância desse fenômeno, trazendo os principais resultados de pesquisas recentes. Para isto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de artigos publicados entre 2006 e 2012, período em que houve um aumento expressivo na quantidade de publicações sobre este tema. A busca dos artigos foi desenvolvida nas bases de dados Web of Science, PubMed e PsycINFO. Os resultados, organizados quanto ao formato de teste (recordação e reconhecimento), indicaram que a realização de testes produz efeitos notavelmente benéficos para a retenção de memórias de longo prazo. Entretanto, uma explanação teórica referente aos processos cognitivos envolvidos neste fenômeno ainda precisa ser desenvolvida e testada uma vez que tal explicação possuiria importantes implicações para o desenvolvimento de práticas educacionais eficazes.

Recordar información previamente almacenada aumenta la retención posterior de esta información, un fenómeno llamado de “efecto de prueba”. En el presente estudio se buscó seleccionar y evaluar artículos sobre el efecto de prueba para verificar el alcance y la importancia de este fenómeno, presentando los principales resultados de investigaciones recientes. Para eso, fue llevada a cabo una revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre 2006 y 2012, periodo en el cual se observó un aumento significativo en el número de publicaciones respecto al tema. La búsqueda de los artículos se realizó en las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed y PsycINFO. Los resultados, organizados por tipo de prueba (recuerdo y reconocimiento), dan evidencia de que las pruebas producen efectos significativos en beneficio de la retención de información a largo plazo. Por otro lado, una explicación teórica referente a los procesos cognitivos involucrados en este fenómeno tiene que ser desarrollados y evaluados, una vez que se tenga tal explicación se tendrán importantes implicaciones para el desarrollo de prácticas educativas eficientes.

A Systematic Review of the Testing Effect in Learning / Uma Revisao Sistematica Sobre o Efeito de Testagem na Aprendizagem / Una Revision Sistematica del Efecto de Prueba en el Aprendizaje

The retrieval of a given piece of information from memory increases the long-term retention of that information, a phenomenon often called “testing effect”. The current study aimed to select and review articles on the testing effect to verify the extent and importance of this phenomenon, bringing the main results of recent research. To accomplish this, a systematic review of articles on this subject published between 2006 and 2012 was conducted, a period in which there was an acute increase in the amount of publications on this subject. The articles were searched in the databases Web of Science, PubMed and PsycINFO. The results, which were organized according to test format (recall and recognition tests), demonstrated that tests can be remarkably beneficial to the retention of long-term memories. A theoretical explanation regarding the cognitive processes involved in this phenomenon still needs to be developed and tested. Such explanation would have important implications for the development of efficient educational practices.(AU)

Recordar informações previamente memorizadas aumenta a retenção destas informações na memória, um fenômeno chamado “efeito de testagem”. O presente estudo objetivou selecionar e avaliar artigos sobre o efeito de testagem, a fim de verificar a extensão e importância desse fenômeno, trazendo os principais resultados de pesquisas recentes. Para isto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de artigos publicados entre 2006 e 2012, período em que houve um aumento expressivo na quantidade de publicações sobre este tema. A busca dos artigos foi desenvolvida nas bases de dados Web of Science, PubMed e PsycINFO. Os resultados, organizados quanto ao formato de teste (recordação e reconhecimento), indicaram que a realização de testes produz efeitos notavelmente benéficos para a retenção de memórias de longo prazo. Entretanto, uma explanação teórica referente aos processos cognitivos envolvidos neste fenômeno ainda precisa ser desenvolvida e testada uma vez que tal explicação possuiria importantes implicações para o desenvolvimento de práticas educacionais eficazes.(AU)

Recordar información previamente almacenada aumenta la retención posterior de esta información, un fenómeno llamado de “efecto de prueba”. En el presente estudio se buscó seleccionar y evaluar artículos sobre el efecto de prueba para verificar el alcance y la importancia de este fenómeno, presentando los principales resultados de investigaciones recientes. Para eso, fue llevada a cabo una revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre 2006 y 2012, periodo en el cual se observó un aumento significativo en el número de publicaciones respecto al tema. La búsqueda de los artículos se realizó en las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed y PsycINFO. Los resultados, organizados por tipo de prueba (recuerdo y reconocimiento), dan evidencia de que las pruebas producen efectos significativos en beneficio de la retención de información a largo plazo. Por otro lado, una explicación teórica referente a los procesos cognitivos involucrados en este fenómeno tiene que ser desarrollados y evaluados, una vez que se tenga tal explicación se tendrán importantes implicaciones para el desarrollo de prácticas educativas eficientes.(AU)

Evaluación de la preservación y conservación del fondo documental de la biblioteca de medicina natural y tradicional de Camagüey / Assessment of the documentary collection preservation and conservation of the of the natural and traditional medicine library of the city of Camagüey

Se realizó un estudio de evaluación para diagnosticar y determinar las principales incidencias en la preservación y conservación del fondo documental de la biblioteca de medicina natural y tradicional de Camagüey, tanto desde el punto de vista de los soportes como de su depósito a partir de indicadores y variables preestablecidas en lineamientos existentes, en el período de septiembre de 2008 a septiembre de 2009, con el objetivo de evaluar el estado de conservación y preservación de la colección de esta biblioteca y proponer acciones que eviten el incremento del deterioro. Se realizó la evaluación a partir del balance de las fuerzas internas y externas (DAFO). Se empleó la técnica de muestreo basado en el criterio de selección de frecuencia de uso. Se aplicó el análisis documental para determinar las principales afectaciones en cada unidad de observación. Se utilizó el formulario I propuesto por el programa DIAGNOS del Instituto de Historia de Cuba. Los resultados del diagnóstico se presentan en tablas. La evaluación final del estado de conservación de los fondos fue de regular. Se concluye que las principales afectaciones a los documentos se producen, casi en su totalidad, por la mala manipulación y las deficientes condiciones de su depósito, no por la presencia de plagas, insectos o roedores, y deben desarrollarse acciones con vista a favorecer la preservación y la conservación de los fondos de la biblioteca.(AU)

An evaluation study was conducted to diagnose and to determine the major incidences in preservation and conservation of documentary collection of natural and traditional medicine library of the city of Camagüey from the supports point of view and of its book stack from the pre-established indicators and variables in available lineaments during September, 2008 to September, 2009 to assess the conservation and preservation conditions of the collection of this library and also to propose actions avoiding the increase of deterioration. Authors made an evaluation from the internal and external forces balance (DAFO). We used the sampling technique base on selection criterion of use frequency applying a documentary analysis to determine the major affectations in each unit of observation and the use of the Nro.1 form for the DIAGNOS program of the Cuban Institute of History. Diagnosis results are showed in tables. The final classification of the conservation of collections was of regular. We conclude t hat the major affectations to documents are produced almost in its totality, due to the poor manipulation and to the deficient conditions of its book stack, not due to presence of epidemic, insects or rodents proposing actions to be developed to favor the care of the library's collections.(AU)

Elementos sobre indización y búsqueda de la información por medio de vocabularios controlados en bases de datos biomédicas / Elements on indexing and search of information using controlled vocabularies in biomedical databases

Desde las perspectivas de la alfabetización informacional y la búsqueda de la información, existe la imperiosa necesidad de conocer algunos elementos básicos sobre los procesos de indización y recuperación de la información antes de introducir a los alumnos en la búsqueda de la información en bases de datos que ofrecen la posibilidad de explorar sus colecciones mediante vocabularios controlados. Se define la indización y la búsqueda de información; se exponen sus elementos, nociones e importancia y se estudian los tesauros MeSH y su versión en español: el DeCS. El conocimiento de algunos elementos teóricos y prácticos sobre los procesos de indización y recuperación de la información es un escalón importante en la correcta comprensión de la actividad de búsqueda en bases de datos bibliográficas que utilizan vocabularios controlados.(AU)

From the perspective of the literacy and search of the information, there is an urgent need of know some basic elements on the indexing and retrieval of the information before to introduce students in the information search in the databases offering the chance to explore the collections by means of controlled vocabularies. Indexing and search of information is defined, its elements, notions and significance are exposed and MeSH thesaurus is studied and its Spanish version. The knowledge of some theoretical and practical elements on the indexing and retrieval of information is a significant step in the appropriate understanding of the activity of search in bibliographic databases using controlled vocabularies.(AU)

Evaluación de la preservación y conservación del fondo documental de la biblioteca de medicina natural y tradicional de Camagüey / Assessment of the documentary collection preservation and conservation of the of the natural and traditional medicine library of the city of Camagüey

Se realizó un estudio de evaluación para diagnosticar y determinar las principales incidencias en la preservación y conservación del fondo documental de la biblioteca de medicina natural y tradicional de Camagüey, tanto desde el punto de vista de los soportes como de su depósito a partir de indicadores y variables preestablecidas en lineamientos existentes, en el período de septiembre de 2008 a septiembre de 2009, con el objetivo de evaluar el estado de conservación y preservación de la colección de esta biblioteca y proponer acciones que eviten el incremento del deterioro. Se realizó la evaluación a partir del balance de las fuerzas internas y externas (DAFO). Se empleó la técnica de muestreo basado en el criterio de selección de frecuencia de uso. Se aplicó el análisis documental para determinar las principales afectaciones en cada unidad de observación. Se utilizó el formulario I propuesto por el programa DIAGNOS del Instituto de Historia de Cuba. Los resultados del diagnóstico se presentan en tablas. La evaluación final del estado de conservación de los fondos fue de regular. Se concluye que las principales afectaciones a los documentos se producen, casi en su totalidad, por la mala manipulación y las deficientes condiciones de su depósito, no por la presencia de plagas, insectos o roedores, y deben desarrollarse acciones con vista a favorecer la preservación y la conservación de los fondos de la biblioteca.

An evaluation study was conducted to diagnose and to determine the major incidences in preservation and conservation of documentary collection of natural and traditional medicine library of the city of Camagüey from the supports point of view and of its book stack from the pre-established indicators and variables in available lineaments during September, 2008 to September, 2009 to assess the conservation and preservation conditions of the collection of this library and also to propose actions avoiding the increase of deterioration. Authors made an evaluation from the internal and external forces balance (DAFO). We used the sampling technique base on selection criterion of use frequency applying a documentary analysis to determine the major affectations in each unit of observation and the use of the Nro.1 form for the DIAGNOS program of the Cuban Institute of History. Diagnosis results are showed in tables. The final classification of the conservation of collections was of regular. We conclude t hat the major affectations to documents are produced almost in its totality, due to the poor manipulation and to the deficient conditions of its book stack, not due to presence of epidemic, insects or rodents proposing actions to be developed to favor the care of the library's collections.

Elementos sobre indización y búsqueda de la información por medio de vocabularios controlados en bases de datos biomédicas / Elements on indexing and search of information using controlled vocabularies in biomedical databases

Desde las perspectivas de la alfabetización informacional y la búsqueda de la información, existe la imperiosa necesidad de conocer algunos elementos básicos sobre los procesos de indización y recuperación de la información antes de introducir a los alumnos en la búsqueda de la información en bases de datos que ofrecen la posibilidad de explorar sus colecciones mediante vocabularios controlados. Se define la indización y la búsqueda de información; se exponen sus elementos, nociones e importancia y se estudian los tesauros MeSH y su versión en español: el DeCS. El conocimiento de algunos elementos teóricos y prácticos sobre los procesos de indización y recuperación de la información es un escalón importante en la correcta comprensión de la actividad de búsqueda en bases de datos bibliográficas que utilizan vocabularios controlados.

From the perspective of the literacy and search of the information, there is an urgent need of know some basic elements on the indexing and retrieval of the information before to introduce students in the information search in the databases offering the chance to explore the collections by means of controlled vocabularies. Indexing and search of information is defined, its elements, notions and significance are exposed and MeSH thesaurus is studied and its Spanish version. The knowledge of some theoretical and practical elements on the indexing and retrieval of information is a significant step in the appropriate understanding of the activity of search in bibliographic databases using controlled vocabularies.