The usefulness of intraoperative consultation for the diagnosis of borderline ovarian tumors.

BACKGROUND: Borderline ovarian tumors (BTs) must be recognized during the surgery by intraoperative consultation (IOC) to guide surgical treatment; however, this diagnosis can be imprecise. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of IOC for the diagnosis of BT. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out including all women diagnosed with a pelvic tumor consecutively surgically treated from 2005 to 2015 with IOC. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and likelihood ratios (LR) for the IOC and BTs. RESULTS: A total of 758 patients were enrolled, the median age was 44 years, the median tumor size was 11.8 cm, and the median CA-125 levels were 45.65 U/µL. After IOC, 458 (64.1%) cases were diagnosed as benign, 111 (14.7%) as BT, and 161 (21.2%) as malignant. The definitive diagnosis was a benign tumor in 448 (59.1%) cases, BT in 110 (14.5%), and 200 (26.4%) cases were malignant. The diagnostic accuracy of the IOC for BT diagnosis was 89.8% (sensitivity =65.5%, specificity =93.9%). The diagnosis performance of IOC for the diagnosis between BT and benign tumors (n=546) had a sensitivity of 69.9%, a specificity of 98.4%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 84%; meanwhile for the diagnosis between BT and malignant tumors (n=242) IOC had a sensitivity of 92.3%, a specificity of 81.7%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 87%. CONCLUSIONS: For practitioners, knowing the accuracy and limitations of the IOC for BT enables the better selection of cases to perform a complete staging surgery.

Systematic Review of the Use of Telepathology During Intraoperative Consultation.

OBJECTIVE: To compare studies that used telepathology systems vs conventional microscopy for intraoperative consultation (frozen-section) diagnosis. METHODS: A total of 56 telepathology studies with 13,996 cases in aggregate were identified through database searches. RESULTS: The concordance of telepathology with the reference standard was generally excellent, with a weighted mean of 96.9%. In comparison, we identified seven studies using conventional intraoperative consultation that showed a weighted mean concordance of 98.3%. Evaluation of the risk of bias showed that most of these studies were low risk. CONCLUSIONS: Despite limitations such as variation in reporting and publication bias, this systematic review provides strong support for the safety of using telepathology for intraoperative consultations.

Aspectos histopatológicos de la evaluación del donante en trasplante hepático, una aproximación a la consulta intraoperatoria: An Approach to Intraoperative Consultation during Liver Transplantation / Histopathological Evaluation of Liver Donors

El éxito de un trasplante hepático en gran parte radica en la selección del candidato óptimo y del mejor órgano. En los últimos años se ha trabajado de forma importante hacia la elaboración de criterios de selección y de asignación basados en la evidencia. La evaluación histopatológica de las biopsias hepáticas desempeña un papel importante en el contexto del trasplante hepático, tanto en la evaluación pretrasplante de órganos considerados como marginales y en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del paciente que ha recibido un trasplante. El uso de la biopsia intraoperatoria para evaluar órganos marginales en la evaluación pretrasplante es debatido por unos grupos y apoyado por otros. Por otra parte, los cambios morfológicos que ocurren en el postrasplante como el rechazo agudo celular y el rechazo crónico están muy bien reconocidos y la biopsia hepática sigue siendo considerada el patrón oro para el diagnóstico de estas condiciones, no así la biopsia del posible donante, sin embargo su precisión ha sido cuestionada debido en gran parte a la gran variabilidad y subjetividad, dadas principalmente por las dificultades diagnósticas que plantea esta patología y a la experiencia del patólogo (1). En esta revisión se discutirán los tópicos más importantes y frecuentes, así como algunos que pueden crear problemas de diagnóstico en patología del trasplante, se hará énfasis en las características patológicas y el diagnóstico diferencial. Los temas serán tratados en tres partes, esta primera entrega corresponde a los aspectos relevantes de la biopsia del donante.

The success of liver transplantation depends largely on the selection of the optimal donor and the best organ. In recent years significant work has been done to develop selection criteria and evidence-based organ assignments. Histopathological evaluation of liver biopsies plays an important role both in pretransplant evaluation of possibly marginal organs and in the diagnosis and treatment of patients who receive transplants. The use of intraoperative biopsies to evaluate organs found to be marginal in the pretransplant evaluation is opposed by some groups and supported by others. On the other hand, in contrast to the debate about the use of liver biopsies to evaluate donor organs, liver biopsies are still considered to be the “gold standard” for diagnosis of morphological changes such as acute rejection and chronic rejection that occur following transplantation. Nevertheless, the accuracy of biopsies has been questioned due to the variability and subjectivity of these evaluations which is caused primarily by the diagnostic difficulties posed by this disease and by the experience of the pathologist (1). The most important and frequent topics in this area will be discussed in this review. In addition, issues that can cause problems for diagnosing pathologies of the donor organ will be discussed. The article emphasizes pathological features and differential diagnosis. It is organized into three installments. This installment, the first, is about issues relevant aspects to biopsies of the donor organ.

Accuracy of intraoperative consultation in lesions of the salivary glands: analysis of 748 cases / Acurácia da consulta intraoperatória em lesões das glândulas salivares: análise de 748 casos

Introduction: Lesions of the salivary glands are uncommon, representing 2% to 6.5% of all neoplasms of head and neck, and because of the difference in treatment between them, an accurate diagnosis is essential. The cytological study by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is a highly accurate method used to diagnose lesions of the salivary glands. Intraoperative consultation (IOC), in its turn, is a test that provides diagnosis during surgery, aiming to differentiate malignant from benign lesions and to enable the most appropriate surgical approach. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of IOC in salivary gland lesions. Material and methods: A survey was conducted in the database of Instituto Nacional de Câncer (Inca) into IOC for diagnosis of salivary gland lesions from January 2001 to December 2012, and found 748 cases. Diagnosis made at IOC (IOCD) was compared with the gold standard histopathological diagnosis and classified into: 1) consenting; 2) discordant; and 3) indeterminate. From these data, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated. Results: Among the 748 IOCs, results were concordant in 656 cases (88%), discordant in 56 (7%), and indeterminate in 36 (5%). Sensitivity was 78%, specificity 99% and accuracy 92%. Conclusion: Our results indicate that IOC in salivary gland lesions is highly accurate and can contribute to the surgical approach. .

Introdução: As lesões das glândulas salivares são incomuns, representando de 2% a 6,5% de todas as neoplasias da região da cabeça e do pescoço. Devido à diferença de tratamento entre elas, é fundamental um diagnóstico preciso. O estudo citológico por meio de punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) é um método com alta acurácia utilizado para o diagnóstico das lesões das glândulas salivares; já a consulta intraoperatória (CIO) é um exame que oferece o diagnóstico no decorrer da cirurgia, tendo como objetivo diferenciar as lesões malignas das benignas e possibilitar a conduta cirúrgica mais adequada. Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia da CIO nas lesões das glândulas salivares realizadas em uma instituição. Material e métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa sobre as CIOs realizadas para diagnóstico nas lesões das glândulas salivares no Instituto Nacional de Câncer (Inca) no período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2012, sendo encontrados 748 casos. Os diagnósticos de CIO foram comparados com o diagnóstico histopatológico (DHP), considerado padrão-ouro, e classificados em: 1) concordantes, 2) discordantes e 3) indeterminados. A partir desses dados, foram calculadas sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia. Resultados: Das 748 CIOs realizadas, os resultados foram concordantes em 656 casos (88%), discordantes em 56 (7%) e indeterminados em 36 (5%). A sensibilidade foi de 78%; a especificidade, de 99%; e a acurácia, de 92%. Conclusão: Nossos resultados indicam que a CIO em lesões das glândulas salivares tem alta acurácia, podendo contribuir para a conduta cirúrgica. .

Biopsia por congelación / Frozen sections biopsy

La biopsia por congelación es un método que se emplea en la consulta intraoperatoria ya que los resultados se obtienen rápidamente, permite la diferenciación entre una lesión benignao maligna, y el estudio de los márgenes quirúrgicos con una exactitud diagnóstica superior al 90%en la mayoría de los casos; sin embargo, la biopsia por congelación presenta algunas limitantes, entre ellas, la alteración de la citología y la arquitectura, los artefactos y su bajo desempeño en algunos procesos neoplásicos, por lo cual es un instrumento para el manejo de los pacientes sin reemplazar la biopsia convencional. El objetivo de este módulo es revisar la utilidad clínica y laslimitaciones de la biopsia por congelación en muestras de aparato genital femenino, riñón, vejiga,tracto gastrointestinal, peritoneo, hígado, vesícula biliar, páncreas y piel. Además, se describe brevemente la técnica y se compara con la de la biopsia convencional.

Frozen section biopsy is a method used for intraoperative consultation because resultsare rapidly obtained, enables the differentiation between a benign and malignant lesion and theanalysis of resection margins, helps with the diagnosis of some neoplasms with a diagnostic accuracyof 90%. Nevertheless, frozen biopsy has several limitations, such as cytological and architectural distortion, artifacts, and its low performance in some specific neoplasms, which explain whyfrozen section biopsy is a tool for patient care that does not replace the conventional biopsy. The aim of this module is to review the clinical utility and the disadvantages of frozen section biopsy inspecimens from the female genital tract, kidney, bladder, gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and skin. Additionally, a brief description of the technique and differenceswith conventional biopsy are included.