The effects of supplemental instruction derived from peer leaders on student outcomes in undergraduate human anatomy.

Supplemental instruction (SI) confers student success, as represented by grades, knowledge retention, and student engagement. However, studies often report professional, not undergraduate, program findings. To measure these effects, students studying human anatomy at a university in Ontario, Canada, attended structured (peer-assisted) or unstructured (nonpeer-assisted) SI sessions and completed a pre-/post-survey. Fifty-eight learners (39 systems (SYS) and 19 musculoskeletal (MSK) anatomy) completed both surveys and had responses analyzed. Both cohorts, maintained initial perceptions across pre-/post-analyses (MSK p = 0.1376 and SYS p = 0.3521). Resource usage was similar across both cohorts with discrepancies in skeletal model and textbook use. No MSK learner ranked any lab resources as "not at all useful." MSK learners felt more prepared to write a graded assessment (p = 0.0269), whereas SYS learners did not (p = 0.0680). Stratification of learners in MSK and SYS revealed learners spending between 30 and 60 min in SI sessions during the study period had the highest grades compared to students who spent less than 30 (p = 0.0286) or more than 60 (p = 0.0286) min attending SI sessions, respectively. Most learners in MSK (89.4%) and SYS (66%) concluded that they preferred structured over unstructured SI. Sentiment/thematic analysis using a generative AI-driven large language model revealed learners held positive perceptions of SI, emphasizing structured learning, resources, personalized learning, and support offered as the most prevalent themes surrounding SI. Ultimately, this study provides evidence that supports SI for improving student outcomes related to perceived preparedness for completing assessments and preferred teaching/learning styles in undergraduate human anatomy.

Differential expression of circRNAs during osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla promoted by blue light-emitting diode.

BACKGROUND: Circular RNA (circRNA) is a key player in regulating the multidirectional differentiation of stem cells. Previous research by our group found that the blue light-emitting diode (LED) had a promoting effect on the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). This research aimed to investigate the differential expression of circRNAs during the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs regulated by blue LED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SCAPs were divided into the irradiation group (4 J/cm2) and the control group (0 J/cm2), and cultivated in an osteogenic/odontogenic environment. The differentially expressed circRNAs during osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs promoted by blue LED were detected by high-throughput sequencing, and preliminarily verified by qRT-PCR. Functional prediction of these circRNAs was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks were also constructed. RESULTS: It showed 301 circRNAs were differentially expressed. GO and KEGG analyses suggested that these circRNAs were associated with some signaling pathways related to osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation. And the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks were also successfully constructed. CONCLUSION: CircRNAs were involved in the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs promoted by blue LED. In this biological process, circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks served an important purpose, and circRNAs regulated this process through certain signaling pathways.

Efficient Energy Transfer for Near-Perfect Quantum Efficiency and Thermal Stability.

The pursuit of high-quality phosphors exhibiting swift response to near-ultraviolet (n-UV) excitation, elevated quantum efficiency (QE), superior thermal stability, and impeccable light quality has been a focal point of investigation. In this research, we synthesized a novel K2La2B2O7:Ce3+,Tb3+ (KLBO:Ce3+,Tb3+) color-tunable phosphor that meets these requirements. KLBO:Ce3+ can be stimulated efficiently by the n-UV light and shows an intense blue emission centered at 437 nm. Notably, KLBO:0.04Ce3+ exhibits exceptional internal QE (IQE = 94%) and outstanding thermal stability (I423 K/I303 K = 88%). Optimization of doping compositions enables efficient Ce3+ → Tb3+ energy transfer, resulting in substantial enhancements in QE and thermal stability. Specifically, KLBO:0.04Ce3+,0.28Tb3+ achieves an IQE of 98% and a thermal stability of 97%, higher than those of most phosphors of the same type. White light-emitting diodes fabricated using phosphor samples emit warm white light characterized by high Ra (Ra = 96.6 and 93.4) and low CCT (CCT = 4886 and 4400 K). This study underscores the feasibility of enhancing phosphor QE and thermal stability through energy transfer mechanisms.

Corrigendum: Maternity care in the Brussels Capital Region: Towards a paradigm shift?

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18332/ejm/186405.].

Getting midwives back to hospitals: A discrete choice experiment.

BACKGROUND: There is a severe global shortage of midwives, and the situation worsens when qualified professionals leave their jobs because of inadequate working conditions. Hospitals have increasing difficulties in filling vacancies for midwives. In the case of Germany, midwives tend to give up birth assistance after an average of seven years working in delivery rooms, which are usually led by physicians. OBJECTIVE: We aim to provide concrete recommendations on encouraging qualified professionals to work in maternity wards by examining the job preferences of midwives who currently do not provide such services. These insights shall help policy makers and hospital managers to fill vacancies more quickly and provide adequate care to more women. DESIGN: Discrete choice experiment. SETTING(S): Online survey promoted through email and social media to midwives in Germany. PARTICIPANTS: 415 midwives participated; we examine the subgroup of 241 midwives who do not offer birth assistance. METHODS: We obtain individual parameter estimates through a multinominal logit analysis with hierarchical Bayes estimation techniques, calculate importance weights, and simulate uptake probabilities of different hypothetical job offers that include birth assistance. RESULTS: Participants want to provide birth assistance but fiercely reject doing so under physicians' supervision. With a 15 % increase in income, however, 16 % would accept this least preferred setting. Forty-four percent, however, would choose to offer birth assistance if they could work in a midwife-led unit. An additional increase in income of 5 % (15 %) could even lead to uptake probabilities of 67 % (77 %). CONCLUSIONS: There is a common understanding that midwife-led care is a safe and effective option for healthy women. Policy makers are advised to further extend their initial support for such units to fill vacancies quicker and enable comprehensive healthcare for more childbearing women. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Midwife-led units help counter shortages: Midwives want to provide birth assistance but reject doing so under physicians' supervision.

Injectable antiretroviral therapy: best practice guide for nurses providing care to people living with HIV.

Oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) is extremely effective, allowing people living with HIV to have a normal life expectancy. Most treatments consist of oral tablets that must be taken at the same time every day for the rest of an individual's life. For a variety of reasons, some people cannot adhere to a daily regimen, resulting in a deterioration in their health. The introduction in 2021 of long-acting injectable ART has provided an alternative option for those who would prefer not to take oral therapy. This article provides an overview of the practicalities and challenges of setting up nurse clinics to administer these injections. It also highlights how this type of treatment has improved the quality of life for people receiving them. HIV nurse specialists are leading the way in delivering this innovative new treatment, and the article concludes by discussing which patients may benefit from injectables in the future. This guide is aimed at nurses who work within the HIV field or are supporting this treatment in other settings, for example in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) services.

Nurse-Led Care at Home Visit Versus Standard Care in Patients with Mild Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Analysis.

BACKGROUNDS: Frequent hospitalization and the costs of hospitalization are the main burdens in China for patients with acute pancreatitis. Most admitted patients have mild disease conditions that do not require hospitalization. AIMS: Here, we compare some health and economic aspects of patients with mild acute pancreatitis who received nurse-led care at home visits against those who were hospitalized on follow-up. METHODS: Patients discharged from the hospital after treatment for mild acute pancreatitis received (NC cohort, n = 104) or did not receive (HN cohort, n = 141) regular home visits by nurses for treatment and care. Patients were rehospitalized by caregivers with or without help of nurse. RESULTS: Hospital readmission events occurred in both cohorts at a follow-up care time of 2 months. Compared with the time of discharge from the hospital, unwanted effects were higher in follow-up care in all patients (p < 0.001 for all). Patients in the NC cohort had less time to resolution of pain, less time to resumption of oral solid food intake, smaller number of patients with hospital readmissions, less average time of hospitalization, lower cost of care, and lower occurrence of unwanted effects than those of patients in the HN cohort during 2 months of follow-up care (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with mild acute pancreatitis who undergo treatment require nurse-led nontreatment intervention(s) for rehabilitation in follow-up. Nurse-led follow-up care at-home visits increase recovery, are beneficial and cost-effective, and decrease unwanted adverse effects in patients receiving treatment for mild acute pancreatitis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.

Management of androgenic alopecia: a systematic review of the literature.

We aimed to determine the efficacy of the various available oral, topical, and procedural treatment options for hair loss in individuals with androgenic alopecia. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review of the National Library of Medicine was performed. Overall, 141 unique studies met our inclusion criteria. We demonstrate that many over the counter (e.g. topical minoxidil, supplements, low-level light treatment), prescription (e.g. oral minoxidil, finasteride, dutasteride), and procedural (e.g. platelet-rich plasma, fractionated lasers, hair transplantation) treatments successfully promote hair growth, highlighting the superiority of a multifaceted and individualized approach to management.

Development of a novel LED-IoT photoreactor for enhanced removal of carbamazepine waste driven by solar energy.

This study introduces an innovative LED-IoT photoreactor, representing a significant advancement in response to the demand for sustainable water purification. The integration of LED-IoT installations addresses the challenge of intermittent sunlight availability, employing LEDs with a spectrum mimicking natural sunlight. Passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensors and Internet of things (IoT) technology ensure consistent radiation intensity, with the LED deactivating in ample sunlight and activating in its absence. Utilizing a visible light-absorbing photocatalyst developed through sol-gel synthesis and mild-temperature calcination, this research demonstrates a remarkable carbamazepine removal efficiency exceeding 95% under LED-IoT system illumination, compared to less than 90% efficiency with sunlight alone, within a 6-h exposure period. Moreover, the designed photocatalytic system achieves over 60% mineralization of carbamazepine after 12 h. Notably, the photocatalyst demonstrated excellent stability with no performance loss during five further cycles. Furthermore, integration with renewable energy sources facilitated continuous operation beyond daylight hours, enhancing the system's applicability in real-world water treatment scenarios. A notable application of the LED-IoT system at an operating sewage treatment plant showed nearly 80% efficiency in carbamazepine removal from sewage in the secondary settling tank after 6 h of irradiation, coupled with nearly 40% mineralization efficiency. Additionally, physicochemical analyses such as XPS and STA-FTIR confirm that the carbamazepine photooxidation process does not affect the surface of the photocatalyst, showing no adsorption for degradation products.

The therapist role in parent-led cognitive behavioral therapy for children after trauma: treating trauma from a distance.

This article examines the therapist experience of their role in providing Stepped Care Cognitive-Behavioral-Therapy for Children after Trauma (SC-CBT-CT), a semi-homebased, parent-led trauma-treatment for children (7-12). Previous research has documented that parent-led, therapist-assisted psychological interventions are an acceptable and effective type of service delivery. Yet, the therapist perspective on their role when providing parent-led treatments has received limited research attention. Attention is therefore directed to the therapist experience of engaging parents, establishing relationships, and working with children's trauma narratives from a distance-through the engagement of parents. The data material consists of semi-structured interviews with SC-CBT-CT therapists. To identify patterns of experience, thought, and viewpoints in the overall data, a stepwise thematic analysis approach was applied. Two core themes emerged: 1) Perceptions of therapeutic control and therapeutic presence when engaging parents to lead their own children through an exposure-based program; 2) Establishment and maintenance of therapeutic alliances with and between parents and children. Although parents are inherently well-positioned to engage with their own children about trauma, the article highlights that treatment adherence, progression, and perseverance is contingent upon systematic therapist guidance, monitoring, and availability for support and problem-solving.

Telling our stories: describing the experiences and contributions of African migrants living with HIV.

HIV in the UK is concentrated in a few key populations, and African migrants are among them. To date, there has been no documented record of the personal experiences of this group to accompany the significant amount of epidemiological data on these communities. There is no record celebrating the contribution, resilience and lived experience of Africans living with HIV in the UK, their allies and their response to the epidemic. A group of African women who are long-standing HIV activists and advocates, much respected for their leadership within the HIV community, considered that it was important to capture and tell these stories to ensure they were accurately recorded in the history of HIV. Their experience spans the story of the African community's experience of HIV in the UK. They formed a steering group and the project aimed to showcase 40 stories to coincide with the 40th anniversary of HIV in 2021.

One-hit kill: On the inactivation of RNA viruses by ultraviolet (UV)-C-induced genomic damage.

Large scale outbreaks of infectious respiratory disease have repeatedly plagued the globe over the last 100 years. The scope and strength of the outbreaks are getting worse as pathogenic RNA viruses are rapidly evolving and highly evasive to vaccines and anti-viral drugs. Germicidal UV-C is considered as a robust agent to disinfect RNA viruses regardless of their evolution. While genomic damage by UV-C has been known to be associated with viral inactivation, the precise relationship between the damage and inactivation remains unsettled as genomic damage has been analyzed in small areas, typically under 0.5 kb. In this study, we assessed genomic damage by the reduced efficiency of reverse transcription of regions of up to 7.2 kb. Our data seem to indicate that genomic damage was directly proportional to the size of the genome, and a single hit of damage was sufficient for inactivation of RNA viruses. The high efficacy of UV-C is already effectively adopted to inactivate airborne RNA viruses.

'Talking lines': the stories of diagnosis and support as told by those with lived experience of rare forms of dementia.

BACKGROUND: People living with, or caring for someone with, rare forms of dementia can encounter issues while obtaining a diagnosis and trying to access appropriate support. This can affect their wellbeing, quality of life, social relationships and employment status. This study makes use of an arts-based narrative approach to explore individual accounts of these experiences whilst also exploring how, in telling their stories, those affected by rare forms of dementia might invoke, and situate their stories in relation to, broader cultural narratives around dementia and illness. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted via video-conferencing software with participants (N = 27), living with, or caring for someone with, a rare forms of dementia. Participants used line drawings to depict their journey from initial symptoms to the present day, followed by prompts to verbally narrate their experiences. All interview transcripts and line drawings were subjected to narrative analysis. Four sets of transcripts and drawings were then subjected to more in-depth analysis. RESULTS: Analysis shed light on the struggles encountered by both care-partners and people with a diagnosis, while navigating a health and social care system that does not always understand their needs. This often led to individuals feeling isolated and unsupported. Accounts also depicted challenges to identity brought on by the process. The moment of diagnosis was also drawn in a complicated light. Individuals found comfort in gaining understanding, but felt fear at recognising upcoming challenges. Participants situated their own accounts against mainstream cultural narratives around what good support for cognitive impairment and dementia might look like, whilst also demonstrating the influential role they took on in pursuing the right care. CONCLUSIONS: The use of line drawing, alongside narrative interviews, allowed participants to tell complicated, sometimes anachronistic, stories about difficult experiences, whilst also reflecting on, and attaching meaning to, them. These stories highlighted pressing gaps in healthcare services and shone a light on the various pieces of collective action individuals were engaged in in order to improve them. Finally, in modelling some elements of the participants' service provision which were working, the narratives pointed to future directions services might move in.

Green light is similarly effective in promoting plant biomass as red/blue light - a meta-analysis.

Whether green light promotes or represses plant growth is an unresolved but important question, warranting a global meta-analysis of published data. We collected 136 datasets from 48 publications on 17 crop species, and calculated the green light effect for a range of plant traits. For each trait the effect was calculated as the ratio between the trait value attained under a red/blue background light plus green, divided by the value attained under the background light only, both having the same light intensity. Generally, green light strongly increased intrinsic water use efficiency (15%), the shoot-to-root ratio (13%), and decreased stomatal conductance (-15%). Moreover, green light increased fresh weight to a small extent (4%), but not plant dry weight, resulting in a reduced dry matter content (-2%). Hence, green light is similarly effective at increasing biomass as red and blue light. Green light also showed to increase leaf area (7%) and specific leaf area (4%; i.e., thinner leaves). Furthermore, effects of green light were species-dependent, with positive effects on biomass for lettuce and microgreens, and negative effects in basil and tomato. Our data suggest that future research should focus on the role of green light in modulating water loss, its putative role as a shade signal, and the causes for its species-specific effects on crop biomass.

Management of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: a midwife-led continuity of care model.

Background: Globally, 36.5% of pregnancies are affected by anemia, particularly in low-and middle-income countries, posing significant risks to maternal and perinatal health. In rural Pakistan, 44.3% of pregnant women suffer from iron deficiency, contributing to the high prevalence of anemia. Limited accessibility to antenatal care exacerbates the challenge, necessitating innovative solutions. This study assessed a midwife-led continuity of care model, utilizing intravenous (IV) iron therapy for the management of anemia in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a prospective cohort study conducted in two primary healthcare facilities, which employed a community midwife (CMW)-led continuity of care model for antenatal care, including IV iron therapy. We extracted data from February 2021 to March 2022 for women who were diagnosed with anemia based on hemoglobin (Hb) levels, categorized as mild (10.0 to 10.9 g/dL), moderate (7.0 to 9.9 g/dL), or severe (less than 7.0 g/dL). Assessment occurred at the initial antenatal care (ANC) visit to establish baseline anemia severity, and approximately 2 weeks after intravenous (IV) iron therapy administration to evaluate post-treatment changes were considered. Results: We enrolled 114 pregnant women, where the majority presented with moderate (88.6%) anemia. After IV iron treatment, 48.5% improved to normal-mild levels, while 50% remained unchanged. Severe anemia affected 10.5% at baseline; 42% shifted to moderate and 50% to normal-mild post-treatment, with one remaining unchanged (p < 0.001). Among women enrolled in the first and second trimesters, severe anemia improved to normal-mild (50%) and moderate levels (50%) (pre-treatment: n = 10, post-treatment: n = 0), and moderate anemia decreased by 48% (pre-treatment: n = 92, post-treatment: n = 47). Conclusion: Our midwife-led model of care demonstrated an improvement in iron levels among pregnant women. The model addressed the challenges of anemia prevalence in Pakistan and underscored the significance of empowering front-line healthcare providers, such as community midwives (CMWs) for managing these common conditions.

Effectiveness of laser pulsed irradiation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.

The aim of this study was to compare two types of light irradiation devices for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). A 660-nm light-emitting diode (LED) and a 665-nm laser diode (LD) were used for light irradiation, and 0.1 mg/L TONS 504, a cationic chlorin derivative, was used as the photosensitizer. We evaluated the light attenuation along the vertical and horizontal directions, temperature rise following light irradiation, and aPDT efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus under different conditions: TONS 504 only, light irradiation only, and TONS 504 with either LED (30 J/cm2) or LD light irradiation (continuous: 30 J/cm2; pulsed: 20 J/cm2 at 2/3 duty cycle, 10 J/cm2 at 1/3 duty cycle). Both LED and LD light intensities were inversely proportional to the square of the vertical distance from the irradiated area. Along the horizontal distance from the nadir of the light source, the LED light intensity attenuated according to the cosine quadrature law, while the LD light intensity did not attenuate within the measurable range. Following light irradiation, the temperature rise increased as the TONS 504 concentration increased in the order of pulsed LD < continuous LD < LED irradiation. aPDT with light irradiation only or TONS 504 only had no antimicrobial effect, while aPDT with TONS 504 under continuous or pulsed LD light irradiation provided approximately 3 log reduction at 30 J/cm2 and 20 J/cm2 and approximately 2 log reduction at 10 J/cm2. TONS 504-aPDT under pulsed LD light irradiation provided anti-microbial effect without significant temperature rise.

Realize short-wave infrared luminescence in NaScP2O7:Cr3+,Yb3+ phosphor: Spectral and energy transfer.

Short-wave infrared emitting phosphors have extensive applications for spectroscopy technology. The near-infrared phosphor NaScP2O7:Cr3+ that we present in this work has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately 196 nm, which ranges from 700 to 1200 nm. To achieve efficient short-wave infrared, Yb3+ ions were co-doped. The NaScP2O7:Cr3+,Yb3+ material emitted infrared bands with peaks at 970 and 1003 nm upon excitation at450 nm. Benefitting from energy transfer (ET), the light in the 900-1200 nm from Yb3+ is effectively enhanced. Photoluminescence spectra, thermal quenching, and decay curves of Cr3+/Yb3+ single and codoped NaScP2O7 were investigated. An internal quantum yield of 29.6 % wasdemonstrated by the optimized phosphor NaScP2O7:Cr3+,Yb3+. Furthermore, The final fabrication of the short-wave infrared pc-LED was done through the combination of a blue-emitting chip and NaScP2O7:Cr3+,Yb3+ phosphor, thereby showing great promise for real implementations.

Establishment of a Clinical Pharmacist-Led Multiple Myeloma Clinic with Collaborative Prescribing Model at the National Center for Cancer Care and Research in Qatar.

BACKGROUND: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a chronic and incurable hematologic malignancy that is prevalent among the elderly. Interprofessional patient care showed superiority over physician-only care in multiple settings, including MM. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of CP-led clinic and CPs interventions on MM patient care. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: Real-world analysis of ambulatory patients with MM showed that clinical pharmacists (CPs) were central to the optimization of therapy and adherence to treatment schedules and supportive medications. PRACTICE INNOVATION: The CP-led MM Clinic was established with a collaborative prescribing agreement (CPA) in 2022 at the National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) in Qatar and was the first of its kind in the MENA region. This CPA allowed CPs to issue refills for supportive medications and order required laboratory tests. EVALUATION METHODS: Data collected included the number of CP interventions, refills ordered by CPs, documentation of patient education, and medication reconciliations. The data were retrospectively collected and analyzed comparing ambulatory patients with MM treated before (2021) to those treated after the clinic implementation in 2022. RESULTS: The study population comprised 20 patients. A higher number of CPs interventions were documented post-clinic than pre-clinic (343 vs. 76, P=0.004), with earlier initiation of bisphosphonate post-clinic (25 vs. 206 days, P = 0.008). There were also significant improvements in the introduction of risk appropriate venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis (43% vs. 6%, P=0.001) as well as vitamin D and calcium supplementation (100% vs. 68%, P=0.02) post-clinic. Twenty-two medication refills for supportive medications and eight pre-chemotherapy laboratory investigations were ordered by CPs. CONCLUSION: The CP-led clinic provided a timely link to care optimization for ambulatory MM patients. This innovative CPA model implemented in the clinic could potentially be applied to different cancer settings to optimize safe and effective patient care.

Low-energy red light-emitting diode irradiation enhances osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating miR-146a-5p.

AIMS: The study aimed to investigate the role of miR-146a-5p in osteogenesis of hPDLSCs irradiated with low-energy red LEDs. METHODS: After irradiation with 5 J/cm2 red LED, miR-146a-5p expression was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and osteogenic markers expression was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed by ALP staining, and mineralization was assessed by Alizarin Red staining, respectively. Lentiviral vectors were designed to regulate miR-146a-5p expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the targeted relationship between miR-146a-5p and MAPK1. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to regulate MAPK1 expression. RESULTS: RT-qPCR and western blotting revealed that 5 J/cm2 irradiation elevated the levels of the osteogenic markers osterix (OSX) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) in hPDLSCs. miR-146a-5p is downregulated in hPDLSCs under the low-energy red LED light irradiation. miR-146a-5p underexpression markedly promoted the osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs. miR-146a-5p targeted MAPK1. 5 J/cm2 red LED irradiation rescued the inhibitory effects of upregulated miR-146a-5p on osteogenic differentiation, and the positive influence of red LED irradiation could be reversed by downregulated MAPK1. CONCLUSION: These findings confirm that miR-146a-5p is involved in the effect of LED irradiation on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by targeting MAPK1. Red LED irradiation may be a potential clinical adjunct therapy for periodontal regeneration.

Advancements in Micro-LED Performance through Nanomaterials and Nanostructures: A Review.

Micro-light-emitting diodes (µLEDs), with their advantages of high response speed, long lifespan, high brightness, and reliability, are widely regarded as the core of next-generation display technology. However, due to issues such as high manufacturing costs and low external quantum efficiency (EQE), µLEDs have not yet been truly commercialized. Additionally, the color conversion efficiency (CCE) of quantum dot (QD)-µLEDs is also a major obstacle to its practical application in the display industry. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent applications of nanomaterials and nanostructures in µLEDs and discuss the practical effects of these methods on enhancing the luminous efficiency of µLEDs and the color conversion efficiency of QD-µLEDs. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for the commercialization of µLEDs are proposed.