Cine para realizar evaluaciones formativas de Psicología en tres grados diferentes de la Universidad Pompeu Fabra (upf) / Cinema to Carry Out Formative Examinations of Psychology in Three Different Degrees of the Pompeu Fabra University

Se narra el uso del cine comercial para realizar evaluaciones formativas de Psicología en tres grados diferentes de la Universidad Pompeu Fabra (UPF): Criminología, Biología Humana y Medicina. Se comparan los resultados en los tres grados. Los estudiantes de Criminología obtuvieron resultados inferiores a los de Biología Humana y de Medicina. (AU)

The use of commercial cinema to carry out formative examinations of Psychology in three different degrees of the Pompeu Fabra University (UPF): Criminology, Human Biology and Medicine is narrated. Results in the three grades are compared. The students of Criminology obtained lower results than those of Human Biology and Medicine. (AU)

Research on the cultivation of sustainable development ability of higher vocational students by creative thinking teaching method.

Education for sustainable development (ESD) is an important guideline for United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Students' creative thinking can be applied to various disciplines, promoting sustainable learning. Most of Taiwan's beauty and hairdressing technical education teachers mainly teach students to imitate, and students' works lack creativity and thinking. A total of 43 higher vocational college students participated, 23 of whom were in the experimental group using the creative thinking teaching method and 20 of whom were in the control group using the traditional teaching method. The results show that the creative thinking teaching method can effectively improve students' learning outcomes in the multimedia material creation course, including breaking through the limitation of thinking, putting forward different ideas and answers, and constantly innovating, to make the presented results more creative and meaningful. The creative thinking teaching methods solve students' trouble in creative problem solving, enhance students' problem solving and critical thinking skills, and improve students' involvement in the study.

Assessing learning engagement based on facial expression recognition in MOOC's scenario.

Online learning has become one of the most important learning styles, yet with the need of supervisors to consistently keep the learners motivated and on-task. Some learners could be supervised by outer factors, and distance learners have to be motivated by themselves. However, online learning engagement is hardly to be assessed by supervisors in real time. With the rapid development of information technology, it is able to remedy the above problem by using intelligent video surveillance techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel framework of learning engagement assessment which introduces facial expression recognition to timely acquire the emotional changes of the learners. Moreover, a new facial expression recognition method is proposed based on domain adaptation, which is suitable for the MOOC scenario. The experiments show the effectiveness of our proposed framework on assessing learners' learning engagement. The comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods also demonstrate the superiority of our proposed facial emotion recognition method.

Estimation of the fundamental learning loss and learning poverty related to COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.

There is evidence of learning loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is no related information for Mexico. The objective of the study is to estimate learning loss in reading and numeracy in Mexico. We compared the results of two household surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021. We interviewed 3161 children between 10 and 15 years. We estimated a learning loss according with SES in a range from 0.34-0.45 SD in reading and 0.62-0.82 SD in mathematics by COVID-19 pandemic, and an increase in learning poverty in a range of 25.7%-15.4% in reading and 29.8%-28.8% in numeracy. Gaps in fundamental learning by gender and SES increased. There is an urgent need develop a clear strategy to perform personalized diagnoses and implement remedial courses to address learning loss.

Onze anos de Teste de Progresso na Unicamp: um estudo sobre a validade do teste / Eleven years of Progress Testing at Unicamp: a test validity study

Resumo: Introdução: O curso de Medicina da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) vem pondo à prova o aquisição cumulativa cognitiva de seus alunos por meio do Teste de Progresso (TP) há mais de uma década, de modo a possibilitar a análise da utilidade do exame como estratégia de apoio a decisões pedagógicas e apontar principais ameaças à validade dele. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos oferecer a análise de validade do TP e explicitar as oportunidades de utilização do teste especialmente para a determinação de padrões de suficiência cognitiva para a progressão no curso e ao final deste, e a identificação de estudantes em risco. Método: Trata-se de estudo observacional retrospectivo de uma série histórica de sucessivos testes escritos realizados para analisar o acúmulo cognitivo no período de 2006 a 2016, totalizando 11 anos e seis turmas consecutivas. Em cada momento de medida (aplicação do teste), o estudo utilizou um modelo misto, em que a exposição (realização do teste) e o desfecho (escore do teste) foram avaliados no mesmo ponto de tempo, o que caracteriza um estudo transversal (cross-sectional) cujos resultados sucessivos originarão as curvas de crescimento cognitivo Resultado: Observou-se um acúmulo cognitivo em torno de 6 pontos percentuais a cada nova testagem. Os estudantes ao completarem o sexto ano obtiveram um acerto de cerca de 65,7% (± 9,1). A cada testagem, determinou-se um "efeito piso" para identificar alunos com rendimento abaixo da média, que em geral se situou em cerca de 1,5 DP abaixo da média da respectiva turma. Conclusão: O TP-Unicamp oferece dados confiáveis para apoiar importantes decisões pedagógicas, tais como identificação de alunos em risco acadêmico por baixa performance, critérios para progressão e desempenho cognitivo ao final do curso. Como confiabilidade sofre influência da amostragem, e o aumento do número de itens de cada teste e o aumento da frequência de testagem podem ser estratégias a serem tomadas para superar essas limitações.

Abstract: Introduction: The Medical School of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) has been testing the cumulative cognitive acquisition among its students through the Progress Test (PT) for over a decade, making it possible to analyze the utility of the test as a strategy to support pedagogical decisions and to point out the main threats to its validity. Objective: To provide an analysis of the validity of the PT, explaining opportunities for its use, especially in determining standards of cognitive sufficiency for progression, standards of cognitive sufficiency at the end of the course, and identification of students at risk. Method: Retrospective observational study of historical series of successive written tests performed to analyze cognitive accumulation, covering a period from 2006 to 2016, totaling 11 years and 6 consecutive classes. At each instance of measurement (test application), the study uses a mixed model where exposure (test performance) and outcome (test score) are evaluated at the same time point, characterizing a cross-sectional study, the successive results of which will generate the cognitive growth curves. Result: A cognitive accumulation of around 6 percentage points was observed with each new test. Students, upon completing the 6th year, scored around 65.7% (± 9.1). A "floor effect" was determined for each test to identify students with below-average performance, which in general was about 1.5 SD below the average of the respective class. Conclusion: TP-Unicamp offers reliable data to support important pedagogical decisions, such as the identification of students at academic risk for low performance, criteria for progression and cognitive performance at the end of the course. As reliability is influenced by sampling, increasing the number of items in each test and increasing the frequency of tests could represent strategies to overcome potential limitations.

Changing Undergraduate Medical Students’ Perception of Online Learning and Assessment During the Covid-19 Pandemic: a One Year Follow-up Study

@#Introduction: Like most educational institutions, our medical school transitioned to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. An initial survey of 192 undergraduate medical students conducted in June 2020 revealed a low acceptance of online assessments, lack of work-readiness, perception of online discussions as being inferior to face-to-face, and prevalent anxiety. Following this, we implemented pedagogic changes to encourage independent learning, improve patient contact, and increase social interactions between students. Methods: A follow-up study was conducted 12 months later in the same student population, excluding those who had graduated. The same 14-item anonymized survey questionnaire was administered, and comparisons were made between the follow-up and initial responses. Results: At follow-up, 45.6% of participants felt that online assessments can adequately and fairly assess students’ performance compared to the initial study (26.2%, p = 0.002). Participants at follow-up were generally more agreeable that discussion using an online learning platform was as effective as faceto-face learning compared to before (p = 0.017). Subgroup analysis showed that this was only true for Year 2 – 4 students. Year 5 students perceived online learning as less effective then face-to-face, reported lower confidence in their ability to apply their knowledge, and an increased in anxiety compared to before. Conclusion: While perception of online learning and assessment had improved at follow-up, the ramifications from restrictions to medical education over the past two years are now being felt most severely by the current final year students, emphasizing the importance of anticipating and addressing these concerns much earlier.

Impact of Supplemental Material Use on Student Metacognitive Monitoring and Calibration.

Objective. To determine whether third year Doctor of Pharmacy students' self-reported use of optional supplemental material impacted their ability to accurately predict their performance on a low-stakes assessment.Methods. An instructor created optional supplemental material in the form of an online quiz. Students were asked to report whether they used the supplemental material and to predict and postdict their performance on an in-class assessment. The relative accuracy of the predictions and postdictions as well as the assessment grades and overall course grades were compared between students who reported using the supplemental material and those who reported not using the supplemental material.Results. More than half of the students (60%) reported using the supplemental material. Most students underpredicted their performance on the in-class assessment, but there was no difference in the accuracy of predictions based on supplemental material use or non-use (-1.2 vs -1.0) or on the postdictions (-1.3 vs. -1.0). Students who reported using the supplemental material performed better on both the low-stakes assessment (7.7 vs 7.2 out of 10) and overall in the course (87.0% vs 84.9%).Conclusion. Pharmacy students' self-reported use of optional supplemental material does not appear to impact their ability to accurately predict their performance on a low-stakes assessment.

A Methodological Approach to the Learning of Robotics with EDUROSC-Kids.

With advances in science and technology, several innovative researches have been developed trying to figure out the main problems related to children's learning. It is known that issues such as frustration and inattention, between others, affect student learning. In this fashion, robotics is an important resource that can be used towards helping to solve these issues, empowering our students in order to push their learning up. In this case, robotic tools are generally used considering two different paradigms: as the main focus and as a secondary focus. Actually, these paradigms define the way that Educational Robotics is implemented in schools. Most of the approaches have implemented it as the main focus, which is teaching Robotics. Nevertheless, there are quite a few works that implement robotics as a secondary focus, which is currently assisting the learning process in several disciplines. The main contribution of this work is a complete three steps methodology for Robotics in Education to guide projects in order to either use it alone or to teach robotics with others topics. Our experiments show the importance of devising a study plan and evaluation method because the process is iterative and could improve the final results. As a novelty, here we have joined and extended our previous works by proposing a new set of methods with guidelines and strategies for applying the educational robotics standard curriculum for kids, named EDUROSC-Kids. We propose several tools that have been developed to organize the learning topics of Robotics for children, including the desired outcomes during the learning process. As said our current approach is divided in three steps (or phases): setting up the environment, defining the project, and performing evaluation. The proposed curriculum organizes robotics contents into five disciplines: Robotics and Society, Mechanics, Electronics, Programming, and Control Theory. Also, it considers a set of topics for each discipline and defines the level of knowledge that is recommended to achieve each group of children based on Bloom's Nomenclature. The contribution on this paper is a crucial step towards linking the general learning process with Educational Robotics approaches. Our methodology is validated by presenting practical experiences with application of EDUROSC-kids and the proposed method with a rubric guidelines into groups of children.

Nivel de dificultad y poder de discriminación del examen final de la asignatura Ontogenia Humana y SOMA / Difficulty level and discernment power on Human Ontogeny and SOMA final test subject

RESUMEN Fundamento: La calidad de los instrumentos evaluativos resulta esencial en el proceso de evaluación del aprendizaje. Objetivo: Determinar los índices de dificultad y discriminación del examen final ordinario de la asignatura Ontogenia Humana y Soma. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo transversal en la asignatura Ontogenia y SOMA, del curso 2017-2018 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus, en el que se procesaron 163 exámenes ordinarios finales, el 30 % de los examinados seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado por grupos, se calcularon el índice de dificultad e índice de discriminación por preguntas, temas y ciencias. Resultados: El número de incisos esperados y reales, de acuerdo con las horas clases para cada ciencia estuvo ajustado, no así en las temáticas Ontogenia de 17 incisos esperados se dedicaron 12 (70.5 %), en SOMA de 34 incisos esperados se dedicaron 29 (85.2 %); el índice de dificultad por temáticas, ciencias y temarios fue medianamente fácil (0.74-0.86) al igual que para el examen en su conjunto. El índice de discriminación del tema Ontogenia fue superior en el temario 1 (T1: 0.37 vs. T2: 0.24) y similar en SOMA (T1: 0.40 vs. T2: 0.39) y a nivel de las ciencias [Embriología (T1: 0.39 vs. T2: 0.31), Anatomía (T1: 0.39 vs. T2: 0.37)]. A nivel de preguntas, el índice de discriminación más bajo lo tuvo la pregunta 1 del primer temario (0.22), el resto tuvo índices de discriminación superiores a 0.30. Conclusiones: Ambos temarios tienen un índice de discriminación similar. El índice de dificultad fue medianamente fácil.

ABSTRACT Background: The quality of the assessment instruments is essential in the learning assessment process. Objective: To determine the difficulty and discernment indexes of the Human Ontogeny and SOMA ordinary final test subject. Methodology: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on the Ontogeny and SOMA subject, from 2017 to 2018 academic year at the Sancti Spíritus Faculty of Medical Sciences, 163 final ordinary tests were processed, 30 % of the examinees selected by stratified random cluster sampling, the difficulty and discernment index were calculated by questions, topics and sciences. Results: The number of expected and real items, according to the class hours for each science, was adjusted, but not in the subjects (Ontogeny of 17 expected items were dedicated 12 (70.5 %), in SOMA of 34 expected items 29 were dedicated (85.2 %), the difficulty index by subjects, sciences and syllabus was moderately easy (0.74-0.86) as for the exam as a whole. The discernment index of the topic Ontogeny was higher in the syllabus 1 (T1: 0.37 vs. T2: 0.24) and similar in SOMA (T1: 0.40 vs. T2: 0.39) and [Embryology (T1: 0.39 vs. T2: 0.31), Anatomy (T1: 0.39 vs. T2: 0.37)]. At the science level questions, the lowest discernment index was found in question 1 from the first syllabus (0.22), the rest had discernment indexes higher than 0.30. Conclusions: Both topics have a similar discernment index. The difficulty index was moderately easy.

ESO-ESMO Masterclass in Clinical Oncology: Analysis and Evaluation of the Learning Self-Assessment Test.

Masterclass in Clinical Oncology (MCO) represents the "key educational event" of European School of Oncology's (ESO) teaching program. MCO in collaboration with European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) is a multidisciplinary and clinical oriented educational event offered mainly to young oncologists worldwide. It provides full immersion in oncology with clinical case presentations and a Learning Self-Assessment Test (LSAT).LSAT is consisting of 45 multiple choice questions on an electronic platform referring to the material taught during the MCO. Three questions related to their topics are requested in advance from each faculty member. The major intentions of LSAT are the following: (a) the learning reflection of the massive information given during 4-5 days of intensive teaching and (b) to offer the opportunity to the participants to prepare themselves for their National Boards or for ESMO examination.In this article, we are analyzing and evaluating the results of LSAT from the ESO-ESMO Central European MCOs. We used the information of Central European MCOs for analysis due to the homogeneity of the available data. We assessed the level of participants' knowledge in relation to their oncology specialty or to their country of origin and the level of the quality of faculty teaching.

Learning Spinal Manipulation: Objective and Subjective Assessment of Performance.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between objective spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) biomechanical parameters and subjective assessments provided by patients, clinicians, and expert assessors. METHODS: Chiropractic students (N = 137) and expert instructors (N = 14) were recruited. Students were asked to perform a thoracic SMT alternately on each other on a force-sensing table while being observed by an expert instructor. Students who performed (clinicians) and received (patients) SMT, and expert instructors, independently scored each SMT performance using visual analog scales. Correlations between these subjective scores and SMT biomechanical parameters were calculated. The following parameters were evaluated: peak force, preload force, thrust duration, and drop in preload force. Spinal manipulation therapy comfort was also assessed by patients, clinicians, and expert instructors. RESULTS: Results of the study indicate that thrust duration assessed by instructors and patients was the only parameters significantly correlated with the table data (r = .37; P < .001 and r = .26; P = .002). Comfort assessed by clinicians was significantly correlated with their own assessments of thrust duration (r = .37; P < .001) and preload force (r = .23; P = .007), whereas comfort assessed by instructors was significantly correlated with their own assessment of thrust duration (r = .27; P = .002) and drop in preload force (r = -.34; P < .001). Objective biomechanical parameters of performance did not predict perceived comfort. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results from the subjective assessments of SMT performance are weakly correlated with objective measures of SMT performance. Only the thrust duration evaluated by expert instructors and patients was associated with scores obtained from the table. Perceived comfort of the procedure seems to be associated mostly with perceived thrust duration and preload characteristics.

Perception of Learning Versus Performance as Outcome Measures of Educational Research.

Objective. To determine whether perception of student learning equates to learning gains. Methods. Two-hundred seventy-seven college-aged students and student pharmacists participated in the study. Participants were assessed before and after completing a reading intervention and reported their perceptions of learning by responding to various Likert-scale questions. Relationships between perception and performance were assessed by correlation analysis, trend analysis, and using measures of metacognitive accuracy. Results. There was a lack of correlation between measures of the perception of learning and actual gains in knowledge. There were weak correlations between the perception of learning and post-reading scores. Comparing student-pharmacists to college-aged individuals, both had similar metacognitive accuracy and there were little differences after the intervention. Conclusion. Perceptions of learning may not reflect knowledge gains, and perception data should be used cautiously as a surrogate for evidence of actual learning.

Measuring early child development in low and middle income countries: Investigating the validity of the early Human Capability Index.

Inclusion of early child development in the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda raises issues of how this goal should be monitored, particularly in low resource settings. The aim of this paper was to explore the validity of the early Human Capability Index (eHCI); a population measure designed to capture the holistic development of children aged 3-5 years. Convergent, divergent, discriminant and concurrent validity were examined by exploring the associations between eHCI domains and child (sex, age, stunting status, preschool attendance) and family (maternal education, home learning environment) characteristics. Analyses were repeated using data from seven low and middle income countries: Brazil (n = 1810), China (n = 11421), Kiribati (n = 8339), Lao PDR (n = 7493), Samoa (n = 12191), Tonga (n = 6214), and Tuvalu (n = 549). Correlations and linear regressions provide evidence that within these country samples, the tool is capturing the aspects of early child development that it was designed to measure. Although the tool was intended to measure development of children aged 3-5 years, results suggest it can be validly applied to children aged 2-6 years. The eHCI is free, requires minimal implementation resources, captures development across domains and abilities, and is designed to allow cultural and contextual concepts to be included. The eHCI appears psychometrically robust in diverse country contexts and could enable evaluation of early years policies and programs, as well as monitoring of children's development to track progress towards the Sustainable Development Agenda.

Measuring the outcomes of volunteering for education: development and pilot of a tool to assess healthcare professionals' personal and professional development from international volunteering.

OBJECTIVE: The development and pilot of a self-report questionnaire, to assess personal and professional development of healthcare professionals gained through experiences in low-income and middle-income countries. DESIGN: The instrument was developed from a core set of the outcomes of international placements for UK healthcare professionals. Principal component analysis and multidimensional item response theory were conducted using results of a cross-sectional pilot study to highlight items with the best psychometric properties. SETTING: Questionnaires were completed both online and in multiple UK healthcare professional events face-to-face. PARTICIPANTS: 436 healthcare professional participants from the UK (with and without international experience) completed a 110-item questionnaire in which they assessed their knowledge, skills and attitudes. MEASURES: The 110-item questionnaire included self-report questions on a 7-point Likert scale of agreement, developed from the core outcome set, including items on satisfaction, clinical skills, communication and other important healthcare professional knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours. Item reduction led to development of the 40-item Measuring the Outcomes of Volunteering for Education-Tool. Internal consistency was evaluated by the Cronbach's α coefficient. Exploratory analysis investigated the structure of the data using principal component analysis and multivariate item response theory. RESULTS: Exploratory analysis found 10 principal components that explained 71.80% of the variance. Components were labelled 'attitude to work, adaptability, adapting communication, cultural sensitivity, difficult communication, confidence, teaching, management, behaviour change and life satisfaction'. Internal consistency was acceptable for the identified components (α=0.72-0.86). CONCLUSIONS: A 40-item self-report questionnaire developed from a core outcome set for personal and professional development from international placements was developed, with evidence of good reliability and validity. This questionnaire will increase understanding of impact of international placements, facilitating comparisons of different types of experience. This will aid decision making about whether UK healthcare professionals should be encouraged to volunteer internationally and in what capacity.

Consideraciones didácticas para evaluar el aprendizaje de las habilidades clínicas en Propedéutica clínica / Didactic considerations to evaluate the learning of clinical skills in Clinical Propaedeutic

Introducción: Evaluar el desarrollo cognitivo y procedimental del estudiante en la ejecución de las habilidades clínicas, es objetivo de la Propedéutica clínica. La mayoría de los estudiantes tienen dificultades al ejecutar estas habilidades, insuficiencias que se relacionan con la poca frecuencia que son evaluadas en la práctica y la preparación didáctica de los profesores asistenciales para realizar una evaluación sistemática. Objetivo: Profundizar en el estudio de la evaluación como proceso, a partir del análisis actualizado de los elementos que la componen. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de documentos académicos que orientan la enseñanza en Propedéutica clínica y búsqueda en internet mediante Google académico con las siguientes palabras clave y sus combinaciones: evaluación, evaluación del aprendizaje, habilidades clínicas, formación médica, didáctica y propedéutica clínica. Desarrollo: La evaluación como proceso se manifiesta consustancial a la enseñanza, la acompaña, se pone al servicio de esta y valida la formación profesional que se desea. Para lograr el desarrollo de las habilidades clínicas en los estudiantes, los profesores deben apropiarse de conocimientos y herramientas didácticas que le permitan ejecutar un proceso evaluativo objetivo, coherente, sistemático, participativo y desarrollador, en las condiciones pedagógicas en que se produce la formación del médico. Conclusiones: Alcanzar calidad en la evaluación, demanda de la preparación didáctica de los profesores asistenciales, para que desde una concepción integradora puedan utilizarla en sus funciones formativa educativa y reguladora del proceso de enseñanza(AU)

Introduction: To evaluate the cognitive and procedural development of the student in the execution of the clinical skills, is the objective of the clinical Propaedeutics. The majority of students have difficulty in executing these skills, inadequacies that are related to the infrequency that are evaluated in practice and the didactic preparation of the teaching assistants to perform a systematic evaluation. Objective: To deepen the study of evaluation as a process, based on the updated analysis of the elements that comprise it. Methods: A review was made of academic documents that guide teaching in clinical Propaedeutics and Internet search using Google academic with the following keywords and their combinations: evaluation, evaluation of learning, clinical skills, medical training, didactic and clinical propaedeutics. Development: Evaluation as a process is manifested in the teaching, accompanies it, puts itself at the service of it and validates the professional training that is desired. To achieve the development of clinical skills in students, lecturers must own themselves knowledge and teaching tools that allow them to execute an objective, coherent, systematic, participatory and developing evaluation process, under the pedagogical conditions in which the physician's training takes place. Conclusions: To achieve quality in the evaluation, demand for the didactic preparation of the lecturers in health care, so that from an integrating conception they can use it in their educational and regulatory training functions of the teaching process(AU)

Meta-analytical review of teacher burnout across 36 societies: the role of national learning assessments and gender egalitarianism.

OBJECTIVE: Teacher burnout has hardly been compared across countries, although it has become a global health issue. This review aimed to examine teacher burnout (effect size) and its variation across countries by testing the effects of gender, gender egalitarianism, and national learning assessments (NLAs). DESIGN: A systematic literature search was carried out using keywords. In all, 156 studies from 36 countries were included that used quantitative methodology. Meta-analytical procedures were used to estimate effect sizes of three dimensions of burnout. Two-level multilevel mixed-effect model tested moderator variables at the country level. RESULTS: The overall effect size found for emotional exhaustion was 38.29 (95% CI = 35.26, 41.32), 29.45 (95% CI = 25.91, 32.99) for cynicism, and 68.75 (95% CI = 65.63, 71.87) for personal accomplishment, with significant differences across countries. Gender was negatively significant for personal accomplishment. Significant linear, curvilinear and interaction effects of NLAs and gender egalitarianism explained variations in burnout. Whereas more NLAs tends to increase burnout, more gender egalitarianism tends to decrease it, although this effect is not linear. CONCLUSION: Teacher burnout, as a health issue, varies significantly across countries suggesting that programmes to prevent this problem should consider environmental (educational system) and cultural conditions for a greater impact.

Developing a valid and reliable assessment of knowledge translation (KT) for continuing professional development program of health professionals.

INTRODUCTION: Knowledge Translation (KT) is expected to be a critical learning outcome of a Continuing Professional Development (CPD) program. It continues to serve as an area of interest among educators and healthcare providers due to its importance to evidence-based practice. This study endeavored to develop a valid and reliable KT learning assessment tool in CPD. METHODS: The Inventory of Reflective Vignettes (IRV), an innovative approach of integrating research vignettes, was utilized in crafting the 20-item IRV-KT tool. This instrument includes knowledge creation and action as essential KT constructs. KT competency was assessed in three segments (i.e., before and after CPD event and if in a lecture) using a one-group post-posttest pre-experimental design. Health professionals who successfully completed a CPD program on a knowledge translation topic were asked to complete the IRV-KT during the pilot study (n = 10) and actual implementation (n = 45). Responses were subjected to Cronbach's reliability and criterion-validity testing. RESULTS: The initial test of the IRV-KT tool demonstrated a high internal reliability (α = 0.97) and most items yielded acceptable validity scores. During the actual implementation, a higher reliability score of 0.98 was generated with significant correlations between the before-after segments for both KT constructs of creation (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and action (r = 0.49, p < 0.05). All items have significant positive validity coefficients (r > 0.35, p < 0.05) in all segments of the tool. DISCUSSION: The study produced a reflective assessment tool to validly and reliably assess KT learning in a CPD. IRV-KT is seen to guide the curriculum process of CPD programs to bridge learning and healthcare outcomes.

Faculty Development Initiatives: A prerequisite for capacity building and enhanced productivity in a medical institution.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the contribution of teaching, learning and assessment forum's initiatives on professional development of faculty and staff. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, from July to December 2016, and comprised teaching, learning and assessment activities carried out from 2012 to 2015. The responses acquired from feedback evaluation were recorded at the end of activity on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1-5. Positive responses were presented for each variable with respective activity type across the study years. The association of the effectiveness of teaching, learning and assessment between type of event and yearly outcome was also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 66activities were held during the study period. Of them, 49(74.24%) were workshops/human resource trainings, 5(7.57%) were courses and 12(18.18%) were seminars. Together, they involved over 500 participants. Objectives, disclosure statement, contents, level of interaction, acquired knowledge, time management, queries responded, organisational activity, course material and overall assessment showed consistent positive response across the years, but the acquisition of new knowledge differed significantly (p<0.05) through the study years. CONCLUSIONS: Teaching, learning and assessment initiatives, play a positive role in professional development of faculty and staff.

A Avaliação da Aprendizagem no Contexto da Justiça Educativa para População com Deficiência na Educação Superior / Learning Assessment in the Educational Justice Context for the Population with Disability in Higher Education

RESUMO a Instituição Universitária Tecnológico de Antioquia, localizada na Colômbia, tem possibilitado o acesso a seus programas acadêmicos sem restrições aos estudantes com deficiência. Uma questão recorrente nesse processo por parte dos docentes tem sido a avaliação da aprendizagem desses estudantes. O diálogo com os professores possibilitou compreender que eles desconheciam como agir com a valorização da aprendizagem por não conhecerem as capacidades e as habilidades dos alunos com deficiência, levando-os a atribuir uma avaliação subjetiva nos cursos. De igual modo, os docentes questionavam o seu próprio desempenho no campo laboral, uma vez graduados, pois tais situações demostraram que as práticas de avaliação seguem sendo hegemônicas. Esses fatos motivaram a realização da pesquisa Análise da avaliação da aprendizagem em estudantes com deficiência participantes em diferentes programas acadêmicos. A metodologia hermenêutica-fenomenológica foi usada com o propósito de caracterizar a avaliação da aprendizagem que realizam os docentes em diferentes programas acadêmicos para estudantes com deficiência. Participaram da pesquisa 5 estudantes, sendo: um estudante com autismo, um surdo, dois com deficiência cognitiva e um com paralisia cerebral, com comprometimento na mobilidade e na comunicação verbal, e 78 docentes de diferentes programas acadêmicos. Os resultados apontam que a avaliação é uma oportunidade educativa para a participação, a qual deve ser efetuada no contexto da justiça educativa, de forma a transcender conhecimentos declarativos, dar abertura à reflexão do estudante sobre a ação e integrar os princípios do desenho universal da aprendizagem e o enfoque da aprendizagem situada.

ABSTRACT: The Tecnológico de Antioquia - University Institute, located in Colombia, has enabled access to its academic programmes without any restrictions to students with disabilities. A recurring issue in this process on the part of the professors has been the evaluation of the learning of these students. The dialogue with the professors has helped to understand that they did not know how to act with valorization learning due to the lack of knowledge in relation to the skills and abilities of students with disabilities, leading them to attribute a subjective assessment in the courses. In the same way, professors questioned their own performance in their field of work, once the students were graduated, because such situations demonstrated that the evaluation practices continue to be hegemonic. These facts gave motivation to undertake the research learning assessment analysis in students with disabilities who participate in different academic programmes. The hermeneutic phenomenological methodology was used with the aim of characterizing the learning assessment that professors carry out in different academic programs for students with disabilities. Five students participated in the study: one student with autism, one deaf, two with cognitive impairment and one with cerebral palsy, with impairment in mobility and verbal communication, and 78 professors from different academic programs. Results point out that the assessment is an educational opportunity for participation, which must be carried out in the context of educational justice, in order to transcend declarative knowledge, evoke student's reflection on the action and integrate the principles of the universal design of learning and the situated learning approach.

Educational and evaluation strategies in the training of physician specialists / Estrategias educativas y de evaluación en la formación de médicos especialistas

Background: Teaching strategies have been defined as procedures, means or resources that teachers used to promote meaningful learning. Aim: Identify teaching strategies and evaluation used by the professor with residents in tertiary hospitals health care. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with full, associate and assistant professors of various medical specialties. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate the strategies used by professors to teach and evaluate students. Results: We included a sample of 90 professors in 35 medical specialties. The most frequent teaching activities were: organizing students to develop presentations on specific subjects, followed by asking questions on previously reviewed subjects, In terms of the strategies employed, the most frequent "always" option was applied to case analyses. The most frequent methods used for the evaluation of theoretical knowledge were: participation in class, topic presentation and exams. Conclusions: Teaching activities were primarily based on the presentation of specific topics by the residents. The most commonly used educational strategies were clinical case analyses followed by problem-based learning and the use of illustrations. Evaluation of the residents' performance in theory knowledge, hinged on class participation, presentation of assigned topics and exams.

Antecedentes: Las estrategias didácticas se han definido como procedimientos, medios o recursos que el docente utiliza para promover el aprendizaje significativo. Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de enseñanza y de evaluación que utiliza el profesor con residentes en hospitales de tercer nivel de atención médica. Método: Estudio transversal, con profesores de diversas especialidades, en el Centro Médico Nacional La Raza. Se aplicó un cuestionario que valora las estrategias utilizadas en la enseñanza y la evaluación. Resultados: En una muestra de 90 profesores, 35 especialidades médicas con profesores ayudantes, adjuntos y titulares, las actividades de enseñanza que más realizan son organizar a los alumnos a exponer temas, seguido de realizar preguntas sobre temas vistos. Respecto a las estrategias educativas, la más frecuente fue análisis de casos y aprendizaje basado en problemas. Para evaluación del desempeño teórico, los métodos más utilizados fueron participación en clase, exposición de temas y exámenes. Conclusiones: las actividades de enseñanza están basadas en la exposición de temas por los médicos residentes. La estrategia educativa más utilizada fue llevar a cabo análisis de casos clínicos, seguido por aprendizaje basado en problemas. La evaluación del desempeño en aspectos teóricos se realiza a partir de la participación en clase, la exposición de temas y exámenes.