RESUMEN
This study was conducted in the Gurupi Biological Reserve (REBIO-Gurupi), the largest area of Amazon rainforest in Maranhão State, Brazil. The objectives were to survey the sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of REBIO-Gurupi, identify blood meal sources, and investigate the presence of Leishmania (Ross, 1903) (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) DNA. Individuals were collected using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and black and white Shannon traps in May and Jun 2022 and Jan 2023. DNA was extracted from female sand flies and subjected to amplification and sequencing of cytochrome b molecular marker (CYTB) for identification of blood meal sources and the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of ribosomal DNA for Leishmania detection. A total of 514 sand flies individuals were sampled, of which 93 were identified at the genus or series level (9 taxa) and 421 were identified at the species level (24 taxa). Psychodopygus davisi (Root, 1934) (41.1%), Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho, 1939) (10.3%), and Psychodopygus (Mangabeira, 1941) Chagasi Series Barretto, 1962 (9.7%) were the most frequently collected. Human (Homo sapiens, Primates, Hominidae) and tapir (Tapirus terrestris, Perissodactyla, Tapiridae) DNA was detected in 10 female sand flies. Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum Cunha and Chagas, 1937 DNA was detected in 2 specimens of Ps. davisi. Given the presence of vectors of Leishmania in REBIO-Gurupi, it is imperative to conduct more comprehensive studies on the interactions among sand flies, Leishmania, and pathogen reservoirs in the area.
RESUMEN
Many biogeochemical processes are modulated by dissolved organic matter (DOM), but the drivers influencing the chemodiversity of DOM compounds in Amazonian soils are poorly understood. It has also been theorized whether deforestation controls the decline of DOM. In this study, we collected soil samples from thirty sites across different regions of Brazil's Legal Amazon, and we investigated the trade-offs among soil physical-chemical properties and DOM chemodiversity. We employed optical spectroscopy, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, and multivariate analysis. Our results indicated that, despite variations in land use and soil physical-chemical properties, factors such as the deforested site, geometric mean diameter, weighted average diameter, and soil organic carbon were the main influencers of DOM chemodiversity variation. These findings highlight the importance of considering DOM chemodiversity as closely related to land use and its potential use in developing deforestation models for predicting soil quality decline in Brazil's Legal Amazon.
RESUMEN
Aedes aegypti is a mosquito native to the African continent, which is now widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In many regions, it represents a major challenge to public health, given its role in the cycle of transmission of important arboviruses, such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. Considering the epidemiological importance of Ae. aegypti, the present study sequenced the partial mitochondrial genome of a sample collected in the municipality of Balsas, in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, followed by High Throughput Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The mitochondrial sequence obtained here was 15,863 bp long, and contained 37 functional subunits (thirteen PCGs, twenty-two tRNAs and two rRNAs) in addition to a partial final portion rich in A+T. The data obtained here contribute to the enrichment of our knowledge of the taxonomy and evolutionary biology of this prominent disease vector. These findings represent an important advancement in the understanding of the characteristics of the populations of northeastern Brazil and provide valuable insights into the taxonomy and evolutionary biology of this prominent disease vector.
RESUMEN
Pollution by metals is a matter of concern around the world. In recent decades, the high population growth in urban centers has significantly magnified the entry of these pollutants into aquatic ecosystems. The Amazon region, intense migratory flow, gold mining, and industrialization have been considered the main driving forces for increasing metal pollution. Thus, the main aim of this study is to conduct, for the first time, an Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) based on metal concentrations measured in the sediment and water of several aquatic environments from the Amazon basin, based on the risk quotient values (RQ = measured environmental concentration - MEC/predicted no effect concentration - PNEC). In addition, the metal contamination factor (CF) was estimated. Although metal concentrations in water were generally low, these values were far above the limits established by current national legislation in many areas, showing higher concentrations for the metals Co, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni. Concentrations of Mn, Cu, Ba, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, and As were especially high in the sediment for several evaluated environments. The ERA for the water compartment revealed that 56% of the studied areas presented high risk (RQ > 1) for aquatic biota. In the sediment, 66% of the sites presented a high risk and 40% medium risk (RQ = 0.1-1). The CF indicated that 49% of the sampling points had high contamination and only 24%, had low contamination. These results reveal that monitoring studies in the Amazon region, provides important information so that public policies for the preservation of water resources can be strengthened in the Amazon.
Asunto(s)
Metales Pesados , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Metales Pesados/análisis , Ecosistema , Brasil , Plomo , Sedimentos Geológicos , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Medición de Riesgo , AguaRESUMEN
Considering the lack of studies on freshwater fishes of the genus Colomesus, we conducted a survey the parasite fauna of Colomesus tocantinensis collected from the Tocantins River, Brazil. We first recorded the presence of the ectoparasites Ergasilus colomesus and Lernaea sp. where 96.77% of the fish were parasitized.(A)
Considerando a ausência de estudos com os peixes de água doce do gênero Colomesus, foi realizado um levantamento da parasitofauna de Colomesus tocantinensis coletados no rio Tocantins. Foi registrada pela primeira vez a presença dos ectoparasitas Ergasilus colomesus e Lernaea sp. onde 96,77(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Tetraodontiformes/parasitología , Copépodos/fisiología , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , BrasilRESUMEN
ABSTRACT The significant urbanization of Brazil in the last decades has pushed cities to combine population growth with protection and harmonic living with their natural resources. The city of Palmas, a planned city in the Legal Amazon, is inserted in this context. In this sense, this study sought to analyze the hydrological and hydraulic responses to different scenarios of land use and occupation in one of its watersheds. Scenarios modeled with SWMM software were current, critical and compensatory techniques. The results showed that the conveyance system, including the main stream, are fully capable of conveying the affluent flow, even in the scenarios with greater impermeability of the watershed. The peak flow of the critical scenario is up to 11.12% higher than the current scenario. However, with compensatory techniques, it is possible to have a peak flow up to 25.76% smaller than the critical scenario.
RESUMO A relevante urbanização do Brasil nas últimas décadas tem pressionado as cidades a aliar o crescimento populacional à proteção e convívio com seus recursos naturais. A cidade de Palmas, uma cidade planejada na Amazônia Legal, se insere nesse contexto. Nesse sentido, este estudo buscou analisar as respostas hidrológicas e hidráulicas para diferentes cenários de uso e ocupação do solo em uma de suas bacias hidrográficas. Os cenários modelados com o auxílio do software SWMM foram o atual, crítico e medidas não convencionais. Os resultados apontaram que os trechos da rede de drenagem, incluindo o curso d'água principal, são plenamente capazes de escoar as vazões, mesmo nos cenários com maior impermeabilidade da bacia. A vazão de pico do cenário crítico é de até 11.12% maior que o cenário atual. No entanto, com medidas não convencionais, pode-se ter uma vazão de pico até 25.76% menor que a do cenário crítico.
RESUMEN
The Amazonian biome is important not only for South America but also for the entire planet, providing essential environmental services. The state of Rondônia ranks third in deforestation rates in the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA) political division. This study aims to evaluate the land use/land cover (LULC) changes over the past ten years (2009-2019), as well as, to predict the LULC in the next 10 years, using TerrSet 18.3 software, in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. The machine learning algorithms within the Google Earth Engine cloud-based platform employed a Random Forest classifier in image classifications. The Markov-CA deep learning algorithm predicted future LULC changes by comparing scenarios of one and three transitions. The results showed a reduction in forested areas of about 15.7% between 2009 and 2019 in the Rondônia state. According to the predictive model, by 2030, around 30% of the remaining forests will be logged, most likely converted into occupied areas. The results reinforce the importance of measures and policies integrated with investments in research and satellite monitoring to reduce deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon and ensure the continuity of the Amazonian role in halting climate change.
Asunto(s)
Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Agricultura , Brasil , EcosistemaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Malaria is an infectious disease that annually presents around 200,000 cases in Brazil. The availability of data on malaria is crucial for enabling and supporting studies that can promote actions to prevent it. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to contribute to such studies by offering an integrated dataset containing data on reported and suspected cases of malaria in the Brazilian Legal Amazon comprising the period from the years 2009 to 2019. DATA DESCRIPTION: This paper presents a dataset with all medical records of patients who were tested for malaria in the Brazilian Legal Amazon from 2009 to 2019. The dataset has 40 attributes and 22,923,977 records of suspected cases of malaria. Around 12% of the data correspond to confirmed cases of malaria. The attributes include data regarding the notifications, examinations, as well as personal patient information, which are organized into health regions.
Asunto(s)
Conjuntos de Datos como Asunto , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Malaria , Registros Médicos , Brasil/epidemiología , Humanos , Malaria/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Abstract This work is an inventory of ferns and lycophytes of remnants in Amazônia Maranhense. The data provided are the results of collections made from 2010-2011 and 2016-2019 in various municipalities of Maranhão in the Amazonian part of the state. Sixty-four species of ferns and lycophytes, in 36 genera and 18 families, were recorded. Of these, 24 species are new records for Maranhão and four are new records for the Northeast Region of Brazil. The most representative family was Pteridaceae (23 species), followed by Polypodiaceae (7 species). The predominant life forms were terrestrial (37 species) and epiphytic (15 species); the latter is the highest number of epiphytic species recorded for a fern and lycophyte inventory in Maranhão. The data support the need for collecting ferns and lycophytes in Amazônia Maranhense to better understand the flora of these groups in the state.
Resumo Neste trabalho apresentamos um inventário de Samambaias e Licófitas ocorrentes em remanescentes da Amazônia Maranhense. Os dados aqui presentes são resultados de coletas entre os anos de 2010-2011 e 2016-2019 em vários municípios do Maranhão inseridos nesta porção amazônica do estado. Registrou-se um total de 64 espécies de Samambaias e Licófitas, distribuídos em 36 gêneros e 18 famílias. Vinte e quatro espécies são novas ocorrências para o Maranhão, com 4 destas relatadas pela primeira vez para a região Nordeste do Brasil. A família mais representativa foi Pteridaceae (23 espécies), seguida por Polypodiaceae (7 espécies). As formas de vida predominantes foram terrícolas com 37 espécies e epífitas com 15 espécies, sendo este número de epífitas o maior registrado em um inventário de Samambaias e Licófitas do Maranhão. Estes dados reforçam a necessidade de coletas destes grupos de plantas na Amazônia Maranhense de forma a caracterizar amplamente a flora de Samambaias e Licófitas do Maranhão.
RESUMEN
Abstract Low quality drinking water has been directly correlated to the occurrence of waterborne illnesses in northern Brazil. To minimize health risks related to the water supply, the Ministry of Health has proposed the implementation of the National Program for the Surveillance of Drinking Water Quality (VIGIAGUA) in Brazilian municipalities. Focusing on the Legal Amazon region, the present study demonstrates a historical account of the percentage of municipalities included in the VIGIAGUA program in place, which in 2013 reached 45.1% of the region municipalities. This study also identifies vulnerable areas in terms of the water quality in the states of Amapá, Amazonas and Maranhão. With this analysis of the current status of the drinking water supply, this study intends to support and direct the strategic efforts of environmental health monitoring in the region.
Resumo A baixa qualidade da água para consumo humano está diretamente relacionada à ocorrência de doenças de transmissão hídrica. Para minimizar riscos à saúde e vulnerabilidades relacionadas ao abastecimento de água, o Ministério da Saúde propõe a implantação do Programa Nacional de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano (Vigiagua) aos municípios brasileiros. Focando na região da Amazônia Legal, o presente estudo demonstra uma série histórica do percentual de municípios com o programa Vigiagua implantado, atingindo em 2013 a marca de 45,1% dos municípios dessa região. O estudo ainda identifica áreas muito vulneráveis nos estados do Amapá, Amazonas e Maranhão para a questão da qualidade da água. Com esta análise da situação do abastecimento de água para consumo humano pretende-se subsidiar e direcionar as ações estratégicas da vigilância em saúde ambiental na região.
RESUMEN
Neste artigo é testado um método para aumentar a resolução de dados censitários e apresentá-los agregados em uma grade regular. A metodologia empregada é composta pela agregação dos domicílios representados por suas coordenadas geográficas obtidas pela Contagem da População do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) de 2007 e pela desagregação dos dados por setor censitário utilizando proporcionalidade de área. Os dados assim gerados foram usados para estimar a população residente em 114 unidades de conservação da Amazônia Legal brasileira, criadas até 2006, de modo a testar a metodologia em unidades territoriais que não seguem os limites político-administrativos, nem aqueles das unidades territoriais de coleta utilizados pelo IBGE. Esta metodologia também contribui para os estudos de população em áreas protegidas, dada a escassez de estimativas do volume da população em unidades de conservação. Os resultados mostraram uma população nas unidades selecionadas de 325.398 habitantes, sendo 297.693 em unidades de Uso Sustentável e 27.705 em unidades de Proteção Integral; no entorno estimou-se uma população de 1.020.237 habitantes. Apesar de limitações inerentes ao uso da Contagem 2007, a agregação de dados em grades revela-se como uma metodologia bastante promissora, tendo em vista os avanços no emprego das geotecnologias por parte do IBGE desde então. A grade minimiza problemas observados no uso de unidades administrativas ou de coleta para a espacialização dos dados censitários e apresenta-se como uma abordagem com grande potencial de aplicação na Demografia e em outras áreas do saber.
In this paper a method for increasing the resolution of census data is tested and presented, by aggregating the data onto a regular grid. The methodology consists of (1) the aggregation of households, represented by their geographical coordinates obtained by the 2007 Population Count, carried out by the Brazilian Census Office (IBGE) and, (2) the unbundling of the data by census tracts on the basis of proportionality. The grids obtained were used to estimate the resident population of 114 conservation units in Brazilian Legal Amazon, all of them instituted in or before 2006. The intention was to test this methodology on territorial units that follow neither the official political-administrative boundaries of states and cities, nor the boundaries designed by IBGE for collecting data. The methodology also contributes to the study of populations living in protected areas, due to the scarcity of population estimates in the conservation units. The results showed a population of 325,398 inhabitants in the selected units, 297,693 of whom were in units for Sustainable Use and 27,705 in Permanent Protection units. Adjoining areas have an estimated joint population of 1,020,237. Despite the limitations involved in using the 2007 Population Count, the aggregating of data into grids would seem to be a promising methodology in view of the improvements in IBGE's use of geotechnology. The grid minimizes problems that come up in the use of administrative units or census data and may represent an approach that can be applied usefully in demography and other areas of knowledge.
En el presente artículo se prueba un método para aumentar la resolución de datos censitarios y presentarlos agregados en una malla regular. La metodología que se utiliza se compone de la agregación de las viviendas representadas por sus coordinadas geográficas obtenidas por el Conteo de la Población del Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) de 2007 y la desagregación de los datos por sector censitario utilizando proporcionalidad de área. Los datos generados de este modo fueron utilizados para estimar la población residente en 114 unidades de conservación de la Amazonia Legal brasileña, creadas hasta el 2006, a fin de probar la metodología en unidades territoriales que no siguen los límites político-administrativos ni tampoco los de las unidades territoriales de encuesta utilizados por el IBGE. Dicha metodología también contribuye para los estudios de población en áreas protegidas, dada la escasez de estimaciones del volumen de la población en unidades de conservación. Los resultados mostraron una población en las unidades seleccionadas de 325.398 habitantes, siendo 297.693 en unidades de Uso Sostenible y 27.705 en unidades de Protección Integral; en el entorno se estimó una población de 1.020.237 habitantes. A pesar de limitaciones inherentes al uso del Conteo 2007, la agregación de datos en mallas se revela como una metodología bastante promisoria, teniendo en cuenta los avances en el empleo de las geotecnologías por parte del IBGE desde entonces. La malla minimiza problemas observados en el uso de unidades administrativas o de recolección de datos para la espacialización de los datos censales y se presenta como un abordaje con gran potencial de aplicación en la Demografía y en otras áreas del saber.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Demografía/estadística & datos numéricos , Pronóstico de Población , Brasil , Censos , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Áreas ProtegidasRESUMEN
O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar e descrever a variabilidade espacial, visando o mapeamento das características agronômicas da gramínea e do teor de matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu cultivadas em Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico típico com diferentes níveis de degradação. As coletas das plantas e do solo foram realizadas em malha de amostragem regular com distâncias de 5 x 5 m em área de 900 m². A produção de massa seca de folhas verdes (MSFV), colmo (MSC), material morto (MSMM), massa seca total (MST) e o teor de MOS das pastagens foram submetidos às analises de estatística descritiva, à comparação de média pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de significância, ao estudo geoestatístico e interpolação por krigagem ordinária. A variabilidade espacial da produção de MSFV, MSC, MSMM e MST e a MOS foram observadas dentro e entre as áreas de pastagens de capim-Marandu com nível baixo, médio e alto de degradação. A grade de 5 x 5 m é adequada para quantificar e descrever a variabilidade espacial bem como mapear as características agronômicas de pastagens de capim-Marandu com nível de degradação baixo e alto. O teor de MOS em todos os níveis de degradação da pastagem apresentou variabilidade espacial definida permitindo assim seu mapeamento. Já em área com nível médio de degradação a grade de 5 x 5 m é pouco eficiente para para quantificar, descrever e mapear a variabilidade espacial das variáveis MSC e MST devido aos baixos coeficientes de determinação e altas somas do quadrado dos resíduos além da ausência de dependência espacial para a MSMM.
The aim of this study was to quantify and describe the spatial variability, with a view to mapping of the agronomic properties of the grass and organic matter content of soil in Brachiaria brizantha grass cultivar Marandu grown in Typic Quartzipsamment with different level of degradation. The collections of plants and soil were carried out in regular grid with distances of 5 versus 5 m area of 900 m². The dry mass of green leaves (MSFV), stem (MSC), dry matter (MSMM) and total dry mass (MST) and the content of soil organic matter (MOS) of pasture were analyzed for descriptive statistics, comparison of average by Tukey at 5% significance, geostatistical analyses and interpolation by ordinary kriging. Spatial heterogeneity of production MSFV, MSC, MSMM, MST and MOS were observed within and between areas of Marandu grass with low grade, middle and high degradation. The grid of 5 versus 5 m is adequate to quantify, describe and map of spatial variability of agronomic properties and the content of pasture grass MOS level of degradation with low and high. The MOS content in all levels of degradation of pasture was defined spatial variability thus allowing its mapping. Already in the area with the average level of degradation of the grid 5 x 5 m is ineffective for to quantify, describe and map the spatial variability of variables MSC and MST because of low coefficients of determination and large sums of squared residuals and the absence of spatial dependence for MSMM
Asunto(s)
Usos del Suelo , Características del Suelo , Pastizales , Brachiaria , Control de la Calidad del Suelo , Materia OrgánicaRESUMEN
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A obesidade está associada a diversas doenças, como a hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, doenças cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares, além do aumento do risco de neoplasias. No Brasil, o consumo de moderadores de apetite é um dos maiores do mundo. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a prevalência de consumo de medicamentos para perda de peso e a prevalência de sobrepeso em população de estudantes universitários. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 487 alunos do Campus Universitário do Araguaia, UFMT. Foi realizada avaliação do índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e aplicação de questionário para avaliação dos medicamentos para perda de peso mais consumidos, tempo de consumo, ocorrência de efeitos adversos, acompanhamento médico e motivo para seu uso. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 9% utilizaram medicamentos com intuito de emagrecer, dentre estes 47,7% estavam com IMC normal e 88,6% eram mulheres. A prevalência de sobrepeso nos estudantes foi de 22,9% dentre os homens e 9,6% dentre as mulheres. Os fármacos mais utilizados foram a quitosana (13,1%), seguidos pela alcachofra (Cynara scolymus L.), chá verde (Camelia sinensis), femproporex e sibutramina, com 6,7% cada. A reação adversa mais citada foi boca seca (21,6%). Dentre os estudantes, 41% afirmaram ter obtido informações acerca do medicamento utilizado com um médico. Além do medicamento para emagrecer, 52,5% dos entrevistados afirmaram utilizar dieta de restrição alimentar, 30% fizeram dieta e exercícios físicos. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das mulheres que utilizaram medicamentos para perda de peso não precisavam fazê-lo.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Obesity associated with many diseases, such as arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, beyond the increased risk of neoplastic disorders. In Brazil, the consumption of anorexigen drugs is one of the most high in the world. Then, the objective of this work was to know the prevalence of overweight and use of weight loss drugs in a population of university students. METHOD: 487 students from the "Instituto Universitário do Araguaia", Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) were analyzed. Beyond the body mass index (BMI), a questionnaire was used to evaluate the most consumed weight loss drugs, time of drug use, occurrence of adverse health effects, medical consulting, and declared motive for using those drugs. RESULTS: Among the interviewed, 9.0% used drugs for weight loss, and between those 47.7% presented normal body mass index (BMI), and 88.6% were female. The prevalence of overweight was 22.9% for male and 9.6% for female students. The most used weight loss drugs were chitosan (13.1%), followed by alcachofra (Cynara scolymus L.), green tea (Camelia sinensis), fenproporex and sibutramine, with 6.7% each drug. The most frequent related adverse health effect was dry mouth (21.6%). Among the students, 41.0% declared had obtained drug information use with a medical doctor. Beyond use of weight loss drugs, 52.5% of the students declared use food restriction diets, and 30.0% were involved in both food restriction diets and practice of physical exercises. CONCLUSION: The majority of women had used weight loss drugs must not use it because of their normal body weight.